Smith, A M; Stuart, M J; Dodick, D W; Roberts, W O; Alford, P W; Ashare, A B; Aubrey, M; Benson, B W; Burke, C J; Dick, R; Eickhoff, C; Emery, C A; Flashman, L A; Gaz, D; Giza, C C; Greenwald, R M; Herring, S; Hoshizaki, T B; Hudziak, J J; Huston 3rd, J; Krause, D; LaVoi, N; Leaf, M; Leddy, J J; MacPherson, A; McKee, A C; Mihalik, J P; Moessner, A M; Montelpare, W J; Putukian, M; Schneider, K J; Szalkowski, R; Tabrum, M; Whitehead, J; Wiese-Bjornstal, D M
Ice Hockey Summit II: zero tolerance for head hits and fighting Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 25, pp. 78–87, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Sport Psychology
@article{Smith2015,
title = {Ice Hockey Summit II: zero tolerance for head hits and fighting},
author = {Smith, A M and Stuart, M J and Dodick, D W and Roberts, W O and Alford, P W and Ashare, A B and Aubrey, M and Benson, B W and Burke, C J and Dick, R and Eickhoff, C and Emery, C A and Flashman, L A and Gaz, D and Giza, C C and Greenwald, R M and Herring, S and Hoshizaki, T B and Hudziak, J J and {Huston 3rd}, J and Krause, D and LaVoi, N and Leaf, M and Leddy, J J and MacPherson, A and McKee, A C and Mihalik, J P and Moessner, A M and Montelpare, W J and Putukian, M and Schneider, K J and Szalkowski, R and Tabrum, M and Whitehead, J and Wiese-Bjornstal, D M},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {25},
pages = {78--87},
address = {Smith,Aynsley M. Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To present currently known basic science and on-ice influences of sport-related concussion (SRC) in hockey, building on the Ice Hockey Summit I action plan (2011) to reduce SRC. METHODS: The prior summit proceedings included an action plan intended to reduce SRC. As such, the proceedings from Summit I served as a point of departure, for the science and discussion held during Summit II (Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, October 2013). Summit II focused on (1) Basic Science of Concussions in Ice Hockey: Taking Science Forward; (2) Acute and Chronic Concussion Care: Making a Difference; (3) Preventing Concussions via Behavior, Rules, Education and Measuring Effectiveness; (4) Updates in Equipment: their Relationship to Industry Standards; and (5) Policies and Plans at State, National and Federal Levels to reduce SRC. Action strategies derived from the presentations and discussion described in these sectors were subsequently voted on for purposes of prioritization. The following proceedings include knowledge and research shared by invited faculty, many of whom are health care providers and clinical investigators. RESULTS: The Summit II evidence-based action plan emphasizes the rapidly evolving scientific content of hockey SRC. It includes the most highly prioritized strategies voted on for implementation to decrease concussion. CONCLUSIONS: The highest priority action items identified from the Summit includes the following: (1) eliminate head hits from all levels of ice hockey, (2) change body-checking policies, and (3) eliminate fighting in all amateur and professional hockey.},
keywords = {Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hill, B D; Womble, M N; Rohling, M L
Logistic regression function for detection of suspicious performance during baseline evaluations using concussion vital signs Journal Article
In: Applied Neuropsychology. Adult, vol. 22, pp. 233–240, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Sport Psychology
@article{Hill2015,
title = {Logistic regression function for detection of suspicious performance during baseline evaluations using concussion vital signs},
author = {Hill, B D and Womble, M N and Rohling, M L},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Applied Neuropsychology. Adult},
volume = {22},
pages = {233--240},
address = {Hill,Benjamin David. a Psychology Department , University of South Alabama , Mobile , Alabama.},
abstract = {This study utilized logistic regression to determine whether performance patterns on Concussion Vital Signs (CVS) could differentiate known groups with either genuine or feigned performance. For the embedded measure development group (n = 174), clinical patients and undergraduate students categorized as feigning obtained significantly lower scores on the overall test battery mean for the CVS, Shipley-2 composite score, and California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition subtests than did genuinely performing individuals. The final full model of 3 predictor variables (Verbal Memory immediate hits, Verbal Memory immediate correct passes, and Stroop Test complex reaction time correct) was significant and correctly classified individuals in their known group 83% of the time (sensitivity = .65; specificity = .97) in a mixed sample of young-adult clinical cases and simulators. The CVS logistic regression function was applied to a separate undergraduate college group (n = 378) that was asked to perform genuinely and identified 5% as having possibly feigned performance indicating a low false-positive rate. The failure rate was 11% and 16% at baseline cognitive testing in samples of high school and college athletes, respectively. These findings have particular relevance given the increasing use of computerized test batteries for baseline cognitive testing and return-to-play decisions after concussion.},
keywords = {Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kroshus, E; Garnett, B; Hawrilenko, M; Baugh, C M; Calzo, J P
Concussion under-reporting and pressure from coaches, teammates, fans, and parents Journal Article
In: Social Science & Medicine, vol. 134, pp. 66–75, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Sport Psychology
@article{Kroshus2015ab,
title = {Concussion under-reporting and pressure from coaches, teammates, fans, and parents},
author = {Kroshus, E and Garnett, B and Hawrilenko, M and Baugh, C M and Calzo, J P},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
volume = {134},
pages = {66--75},
address = {Kroshus,Emily. Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Science, USA; National Collegiate Athletic Association, Sport Science Institute, USA; Harvard University, Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics, USA. Electronic address: emk32},
abstract = {Concussions from sport present a substantial public health burden given the number of youth, adolescent and emerging adult athletes that participate in contact or collision sports. Athletes who fail to report symptoms of a suspected concussion and continue play are at risk of worsened symptomatology and potentially catastrophic neurologic consequences if another impact is sustained during this vulnerable period. Understanding why athletes do or do not report their symptoms is critical for developing efficacious strategies for risk reduction. Psychosocial theories and frameworks that explicitly incorporate context, as a source of expectations about the outcomes of reporting and as a source of behavioral reinforcement, are useful in framing this problem. The present study quantifies the pressure that athletes experience to continue playing after a head impact--from coaches, teammates, parents, and fans--and assesses how this pressure, both independently and as a system, is related to future concussion reporting intention. Participants in the study were 328 male and female athletes from 19 teams competing in one of seven sports (soccer, lacrosse, basketball, softball, baseball, volleyball, field hockey) at four colleges in the northeast region of the United States. Results found that more than one-quarter of the sample had experienced pressure from at least one source to continue playing after a head impact during the previous year. Results of a latent profile mixture model indicated that athletes who experienced pressure from all four of the measured sources were significantly more likely to intend to continue playing in the future than were athletes who had not experienced pressure from all sources, or only pressure from coaches and teammates. These findings underscore the importance of designing interventions that address the system in which athletes make decisions about concussion reporting, including athletes' parents, rather than focusing solely on modifying the individual's reporting cognitions.},
keywords = {Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Meyer, J E; Arnett, P A
Validation of the Affective Word List as a measure of verbal learning and memory Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 37, pp. 316–324, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Sport Psychology
@article{Meyer2015a,
title = {Validation of the Affective Word List as a measure of verbal learning and memory},
author = {Meyer, J E and Arnett, P A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical \& Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {37},
pages = {316--324},
address = {Meyer,Jessica E. a Department of Psychology , The Pennsylvania State University, University Park , PA , USA.},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the Affective Word List (AWL), a measure designed to assess affective bias, as a measure of verbal learning and memory in the context of baseline concussion evaluations. The AWL was developed to assess affective bias in order to circumvent the tendency of some examinees to minimize self-report of depression symptoms. However, because it is designed as a traditional list-learning task, the cognitive indices of the AWL have the added potential to be used as measures of verbal learning and memory. It would be useful to have a performance-based measure that is sensitive to both the affective and cognitive consequences of concussion. METHOD: Participants from a university-based sports concussion program were used to evaluate the descriptive statistics and distribution of the AWL and its convergent and discriminant validity. A separate sample of undergraduate students, active in intramural or club athletics, served as participants for a delayed alternate-form reliability study. All reliability and validity results were compared with those of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) and the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing Verbal Memory Composite (ImPACT-VM). RESULTS: Results of this study showed that the cognitive indices of the AWL have normal distributions, and its four forms are equivalent. The AWL demonstrated moderate delayed alternate-form reliability, moderate convergent validity with other measures of verbal learning and memory, and strong discriminant validity with measures of processing speed and reaction time. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study suggest that the AWL may have clinical utility as a measure of verbal learning and memory in concussion management and research.},
keywords = {Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Merritt, V C; Rabinowitz, A R; Arnett, P A
Injury-related predictors of symptom severity following sports-related concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 37, pp. 265–275, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Sport Psychology
@article{Merritt2015,
title = {Injury-related predictors of symptom severity following sports-related concussion},
author = {Merritt, V C and Rabinowitz, A R and Arnett, P A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical \& Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {37},
pages = {265--275},
address = {Merritt,Victoria C. a Department of Psychology , Pennsylvania State University, University Park , PA , USA.},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Decisions regarding return to play after sports-related concussion partially revolve around athletes' self-reported symptoms. Given this emphasis on symptoms, it would be beneficial to be able to identify characteristics that could predict which athletes may be susceptible to developing an increase in postconcussion symptoms following head injury. The purpose of this study was to describe the symptoms that athletes endorse immediately following concussion and to determine what impact injury-related characteristics have on the development of postconcussion symptoms within the first week following concussion. METHOD: Participants included 54 collegiate athletes who sustained concussions and were referred to our concussion management program for postconcussion testing. The main outcome measures included the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale and an interview querying athletes' retrospective symptoms over time, starting immediately postinjury. RESULTS: Descriptive statistics revealed that the most common immediate symptoms following concussion include dizziness (endorsed by 83.6% of the sample), headache (65.5%), feeling in a fog (61.8%), and visual disturbance (60.0%). Logistic regression analyses indicated that retrograde and anterograde amnesia, as well as loss of consciousness, were not significantly predictive of postconcussion symptoms within one week following concussion (p \> .05). However, the total symptom score assessed immediately postinjury, in addition to endorsing immediate headache symptoms following concussion, reliably predicted a higher level of symptom reporting in the first week following concussion (p \< .05). Finally, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, using 80% sensitivity to predict the high postconcussion symptom group, established cutoff scores of 7.5 for the immediate total symptom score and 0.5 for immediate headache. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate the importance of evaluating symptoms immediately following concussion. Athletes who endorse more immediate postconcussion symptoms, especially headache symptoms, may be at risk for greater and more severe postconcussion symptoms within the first week following concussion. The present findings have implications for the management and treatment of sports-related concussions.},
keywords = {Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ozen, L J; Fernandes, M A; Clark, A J; Roy, E A
Evidence of cognitive decline in older adults after remote traumatic brain injury: an exploratory study Journal Article
In: Aging Neuropsychology & Cognition, vol. 22, pp. 517–533, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Sport Psychology
@article{Ozen2015,
title = {Evidence of cognitive decline in older adults after remote traumatic brain injury: an exploratory study},
author = {Ozen, L J and Fernandes, M A and Clark, A J and Roy, E A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Aging Neuropsychology \& Cognition},
volume = {22},
pages = {517--533},
address = {Ozen,Lana J. a Department of Psychology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada.},
abstract = {Separate bodies of literature indicate that a history of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and natural aging may result in overlapping cognitive profiles, yet little is known about their combined effect. We predicted that a remote TBI would compound normal age-related cognitive decline, particularly affecting executive function. Neuropsychological task performance was compared between a group of older adults who sustained a TBI in their distant past (N = 9) and a group of older adults with no history of head injury (N = 15). While all participants scored in the normal range on the Mini-Mental State Examination, the TBI group scored lower than the non-TBI group. Also, in line with predictions, the TBI group made more errors on measures of executive functioning compared to the non-TBI group (the Trail Making B test and the incongruent condition of the Stroop Test), but performed similarly on all tasks with little executive requirements. Findings from this exploratory study indicate that a past TBI may put older adults at a higher risk for exacerbated age-related cognitive decline compared to older adults with no history of TBI.},
keywords = {Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Snell, D L; Surgenor, L J; Hay-Smith, E J; Williman, J; Siegert, R J
The contribution of psychological factors to recovery after mild traumatic brain injury: is cluster analysis a useful approach? Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, pp. 291–299, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Sport Psychology
@article{Snell2015,
title = {The contribution of psychological factors to recovery after mild traumatic brain injury: is cluster analysis a useful approach?},
author = {Snell, D L and Surgenor, L J and Hay-Smith, E J and Williman, J and Siegert, R J},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
pages = {291--299},
address = {Snell,Deborah L. Concussion Clinic, Burwood Hospital , Christchurch , New Zealand .},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Outcomes after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) vary, with slow or incomplete recovery for a significant minority. This study examines whether groups of cases with shared psychological factors but with different injury outcomes could be identified using cluster analysis. METHOD: This is a prospective observational study following 147 adults presenting to a hospital-based emergency department or concussion services in Christchurch, New Zealand. This study examined associations between baseline demographic, clinical, psychological variables (distress, injury beliefs and symptom burden) and outcome 6 months later. A two-step approach to cluster analysis was applied (Ward's method to identify clusters, K-means to refine results). RESULTS: Three meaningful clusters emerged (high-adapters, medium-adapters, low-adapters). Baseline cluster-group membership was significantly associated with outcomes over time. High-adapters appeared recovered by 6-weeks and medium-adapters revealed improvements by 6-months. The low-adapters continued to endorse many symptoms, negative recovery expectations and distress, being significantly at risk for poor outcome more than 6-months after injury (OR (good outcome)=0.12; CI=0.03-0.53; p\<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Cluster analysis supported the notion that groups could be identified early post-injury based on psychological factors, with group membership associated with differing outcomes over time. Implications for clinical care providers regarding therapy targets and cases that may benefit from different intensities of intervention are discussed.},
keywords = {Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cusimano, M D; Nastis, S; Zuccaro, L
Effectiveness of interventions to reduce aggression and injuries among ice hockey players: a systematic review Journal Article
In: CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 185, pp. E57–69, 2013.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Education Legal & Pol, Sport Psychology
@article{Cusimano2013,
title = {Effectiveness of interventions to reduce aggression and injuries among ice hockey players: a systematic review},
author = {Cusimano, M D and Nastis, S and Zuccaro, L},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal},
volume = {185},
pages = {E57--69},
address = {Division of Neurosurgery, and the Injury Prevention Research Office, Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada. injuryprevention@smh.ca},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The increasing incidence of injuries related to playing ice hockey is an important public health issue. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce injuries related to aggressive acts in ice hockey. METHODS: We identified relevant articles by searching electronic databases from their inception through July 2012, by using Internet search engines, and by manually searching sports medicine journals, the book series Safety in Ice Hockey and reference lists of included articles. We included studies that evaluated interventions to reduce aggression-related injuries and reported ratings of aggressive behaviour or rates of penalties or injuries. RESULTS: We identified 18 eligible studies. Most involved players in minor hockey leagues. Of 13 studies that evaluated changes in mandatory rules intended to lessen aggression (most commonly the restriction of body-checking), 11 observed a reduction in penalty or injury rates associated with rule changes, and 9 of these showed a statistically significant decrease. The mean number of penalties decreased by 1.2-5.9 per game, and injury rates decreased 3- to 12-fold. All 3 studies of educational interventions showed a reduction in penalty rates, but they were not powered or designed to show a change in injury rates. In 2 studies of cognitive behavioural interventions, reductions in aggressive behaviours were observed. INTERPRETATION: Changes to mandatory rules were associated with reductions in penalties for aggressive acts and in injuries related to aggression among ice hockey players. Effects of educational and cognitive behavioural interventions on injury rates are less clear. Well-designed studies of multifaceted strategies that combine such approaches are required.},
keywords = {Aggression Education Legal \& Pol, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Var, F A; Rajeswaran, J
Perception of illness in patients with traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, vol. 34, pp. 223–226, 2012.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Sport Psychology
@article{Var2012,
title = {Perception of illness in patients with traumatic brain injury},
author = {Var, F A and Rajeswaran, J},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine},
volume = {34},
pages = {223--226},
address = {Var,Firdous Ahmad. Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Perception of illness plays an important role in recovery process. It affects our coping behaviors, adherence to treatment and preventive measures taken for healthy recovery. AIMS: The aim of the study is to examine perception of illness in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross sectional study design done on sample of 31 patients with mild to moderate TBI. Depression anxiety stress scales-21 (DASS-21), Brief illness perception questionnaire (IPQ) and Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) was used. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive and correlational statistics was used. RESULTS: The results indicated that overall higher percentage falls within low and medium range of IPQ. However higher percentage falls within higher range, on coherence and emotional response subscales of IPQ. Consequence, timeline, personal control, treatment control, concern, emotional control, and total of the subscales of IPQ were positively correlated with RPQ3 and RPQ13 at 0.01 and 0.05 level of significance. A significant correlation was found between demographic variables and subscales of IPQ at 0.01 and 0.05 level of significance. CONCLUSION: The study shows one to one relationship between symptoms experienced by patients, how they perceive their illness and socio demographic variables.},
keywords = {Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kale, Rajendra
Stop the violence and play hockey Journal Article
In: CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 184, pp. 275, 2012.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Kale2012,
title = {Stop the violence and play hockey},
author = {Kale, Rajendra},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal},
volume = {184},
pages = {275},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Esfandiari, A; Broshek, D K; Freeman, J R
Psychiatric and neuropsychological issues in sports medicine Journal Article
In: Clinics in Sports Medicine, vol. 30, pp. 611–627, 2011, ISSN: 0278-5919.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Education, Sport Psychology
@article{Esfandiari2011,
title = {Psychiatric and neuropsychological issues in sports medicine},
author = {Esfandiari, A and Broshek, D K and Freeman, J R},
doi = {10.1016/j.csm.2011.03.002},
issn = {0278-5919},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Clinics in Sports Medicine},
volume = {30},
pages = {611--627},
abstract = {This article reviews psychiatric/psychological issues in the athletic training room, including recognition of these issues and a framework for management. Because the majority of research has been conducted in college settings, most of the issues discussed are presented in the context of college sports, although the results generalize to other athletic arenas. Greater awareness of psychological issues, empirical research, and education about mental health issues in the sports medicine community are clearly needed.},
keywords = {Aggression Education, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Roberts, William O
Ice hockey concussion rates: a case for playing by the rules Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 10, pp. 1, 2011.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Roberts2011,
title = {Ice hockey concussion rates: a case for playing by the rules},
author = {Roberts, William O},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {10},
pages = {1},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Carré, Justin M; Putnam, Susan K
Watching a previous victory produces an increase in testosterone among elite hockey players Journal Article
In: Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol. 35, pp. 475–479, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Carre2010,
title = {Watching a previous victory produces an increase in testosterone among elite hockey players},
author = {Carr\'{e}, Justin M and Putnam, Susan K},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
volume = {35},
pages = {475--479},
address = {Department of Psychology, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada. justin.carre@brocku.ca},
abstract = {Previous research indicates that testosterone concentrations are highly responsive to human competitive interactions and that winners have elevated testosterone concentrations relative to losers. Also, there is some evidence that simply observing others compete can have a similar effect on the endocrine system. Here, in two studies, we examined the extent to which elite male hockey players would demonstrate an increase in testosterone concentrations after watching themselves engaged in a previous successful competitive interaction. Results indicated that watching a previous victory produced a significant increase in testosterone concentrations (42-44% increase), whereas watching a previous defeat or a neutral video did not produce a significant change in testosterone (17% and 6%, respectively). Given that natural fluctuations in testosterone have been shown to influence future competitive and aggressive behaviours, the current studies may have important practical implications for individuals involved in competitive sports.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maxwell, J P; Visek, A J
Unsanctioned aggression in rugby union: relationships among aggressiveness, anger, athletic identity, and professionalization Journal Article
In: Aggressive Behavior, vol. 35, pp. 237–243, 2009.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Rugby, Sport Psychology
@article{Maxwell2009a,
title = {Unsanctioned aggression in rugby union: relationships among aggressiveness, anger, athletic identity, and professionalization},
author = {Maxwell, J P and Visek, A J},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Aggressive Behavior},
volume = {35},
pages = {237--243},
address = {Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.},
abstract = {Aggressive players who intentionally cause injury to their opponents are common in many sports, particularly collision sports such as Rugby Union. Although some acts of aggression fall within the rules (sanctioned), others do not (unsanctioned), with the latter tending to be less acceptable than the former. This study attempts to identify characteristics of players who are more likely to employ unsanctioned methods in order to injure an opponent. Male Rugby Union players completed questionnaires assessing aggressiveness, anger, past aggression, professionalization, and athletic identity. Players were assigned to one of two groups based on self-reported past unsanctioned aggression. Results indicated that demographic variables (e.g., age, playing position, or level of play) were not predictive of group membership. Measures of aggressiveness and professionalization were significant predictors; high scores on both indicated a greater probability of reporting the use of unsanctioned aggressive force for the sole purpose of causing injury or pain. In addition, players who had been taught how to execute aggressive illegal plays without detection were also more likely to report using excessive force to injure an opponent. Results provide further support that highly professionalized players may be more likely to use methods outside the constitutive rules of Rugby Union in order to intentionally injure their opponents. Results are discussed within the context of the increasing win-at-all-cost attitude that is becoming more prevalent in sport and its implications for youth athletes.},
keywords = {Aggression Rugby, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andrew, Damon P S; Koo, Gi Yong; Hardin, Rob; Greenwell, T Christopher
Analysing motives of minor league hockey fans: the introduction of violence as a spectator motive Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, vol. 5, pp. 73–89, 2009.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Andrew2009,
title = {Analysing motives of minor league hockey fans: the introduction of violence as a spectator motive},
author = {Andrew, Damon P S and Koo, Gi Yong and Hardin, Rob and Greenwell, T Christopher},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing},
volume = {5},
pages = {73--89},
abstract = {For minor-league hockey to attract new customers, it is important to explore attendance motivation. Given the controversy over the role of violence in attracting spectators, this study included violence among other traditional motives in addressing why spectators are attracted to attend minor league hockey. Specifically, spectators' motives were explored on the basis of gender and ticket type as well as their relationship to behavioural intentions to attend games. Spectators (n = 270) at a Southern Professional Hockey League game completed a questionnaire that assessed demographics, spectator motives and behavioural intentions. The results indicated (a) the spectator motive of violence appears relevant in the context of the sport of ice hockey, (b) spectator motives for the sport of minor league hockey varied on the basis of gender and ticket type and (c) the relationship of spectator motives to behavioural intentions to attend future games were somewhat varied on the basis of gender and ticket type.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hutchison, Michael; Mainwaring, Lynda M; Comper, Paul; Richards, Doug W; Bisschop, Sean M
Differential emotional responses of varsity athletes to concussion and musculoskeletal injuries Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 19, pp. 13–19, 2009.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Education, Sport Psychology
@article{Hutchison2009,
title = {Differential emotional responses of varsity athletes to concussion and musculoskeletal injuries},
author = {Hutchison, Michael and Mainwaring, Lynda M and Comper, Paul and Richards, Doug W and Bisschop, Sean M},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {19},
pages = {13--19},
address = {Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. michael.hutchison@utoronto.ca},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine if athletes with concussion and those with minor musculoskeletal injuries experienced differential emotional response to injury. DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-four injured athletes from Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS) and 19 healthy, physically active undergraduate students participated in the study. INTERVENTION: All participants completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS; short version) on 3 nonconsecutive days during a 2-week period after a baseline test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Emotional responses were assessed using the POMS. The 7 main outcome measures assessed by POMS were tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion, and total mood disturbance. RESULTS: After injury, concussion produced an emotional profile characterized by significantly elevated fatigue and decreased vigor. In contrast, athletes with musculoskeletal injuries displayed a significant increase in anger that resolved to a pre-injury level within 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed that both injured groups experienced emotional disturbance after injury. More importantly, the findings strongly suggest that the emotional reaction after concussion is different from that of musculoskeletal injury. Therefore, we concluded that assessing emotional reactions to concussion is particularly important and recommend that sports medicine professionals assess and monitor emotional functioning as well as somatic complaints and neurocognitive changes during recovery.},
keywords = {Aggression Education, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Traclet, Alan; Rascle, Olivier; Souchon, Nicolas; Coulomb-Cabagno, Genevieve; Dosseville, Fabrice
Aggressor and victim perspective-related differences in perceived legitimacy of aggression in soccer Journal Article
In: Perceptual & Motor Skills, vol. 106, pp. 234–240, 2008.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology
@article{Traclet2008,
title = {Aggressor and victim perspective-related differences in perceived legitimacy of aggression in soccer},
author = {Traclet, Alan and Rascle, Olivier and Souchon, Nicolas and Coulomb-Cabagno, Genevieve and Dosseville, Fabrice},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Perceptual \& Motor Skills},
volume = {106},
pages = {234--240},
address = {UFRSTAPS, Universite de Caen Basse Normandie, France. alan.traclet@unicaen.fr},
abstract = {The purpose of this role-playing study was to explore the perceived legitimacy of aggression in soccer as a function of perspective-related differences (aggressor vs victim) and type of aggression (instrumental vs hostile). 120 soccer players watched videotaped aggressive interactions in soccer and took the perspective of the actors (aggressor then victim or the reverse). Then they rated the legitimacy of each aggressive behavior depending on its ultimate goal (instrumental then hostile or the reverse). When participants adopted the aggressor perspective, they perceived instrumental aggression as more legitimate than hostile aggression. In contrast, when participants took the perspective of the victim, no significant difference was found regardless of the type of aggression. The discussion focussed on implications and consequences of such divergences in aggressive sport situations.},
keywords = {Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Meeuwisse, Willem H; Tyreman, Hugh; Hagel, Brent; Emery, Carolyn
A dynamic model of etiology in sport injury: the recursive nature of risk and causation Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 17, pp. 215–219, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Meeuwisse2007,
title = {A dynamic model of etiology in sport injury: the recursive nature of risk and causation},
author = {Meeuwisse, Willem H and Tyreman, Hugh and Hagel, Brent and Emery, Carolyn},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {17},
pages = {215--219},
address = {Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Calgary, Canada. w.meeuwisse@ucalgary.ca},
abstract = {The purpose of this manuscript is to outline a new model representing a dynamic approach that incorporates the consequences of repeated participation in sport, both with and without injury. This model builds on the previous work, while emphasizing the fact that adaptations occur within the context of sport (both in the presence and absence of injury) that alter risk and affect etiology in a dynamic, recursive fashion. Regardless of the type of injury, it is often preceded by a chain of shifting circumstances that, when they come together, constitute sufficient cause to result in an injury. If we are to truly understand the etiology of injury and target appropriate prevention strategies, we must look beyond the initial set of risk factors that are thought to precede an injury and take into consideration how those risk factors may have changed through preceding cycles of participation, whether associated with prior injury or not. This model considers the implications of repeated exposure, whether such exposure produces adaptation, maladaptation, injury or complete/incomplete recovery from injury. When feasible, future studies on sport injury prevention should adopt a methodology and analysis strategy that takes the cyclic nature of changing risk factors into account to create a dynamic, recursive picture of etiology.},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maxwell, J P; Moores, E
The development of a short scale measuring aggressiveness and anger in competitive athletes Journal Article
In: Psychology of Sport & Exercise, vol. 8, pp. 179–193, 2007, ISSN: 1469-0292.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Maxwell2007a,
title = {The development of a short scale measuring aggressiveness and anger in competitive athletes},
author = {Maxwell, J P and Moores, E},
issn = {1469-0292},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Psychology of Sport \& Exercise},
volume = {8},
pages = {179--193},
abstract = {Objectives The study of aggression and anger in competitive sport relies on accurate and economical measurement via observation, interview and questionnaire. Unfortunately, extant questionnaires have been criticised for having poor validity, are not sport specific, or reflect mood states rather than trait qualities. Therefore, a measure of trait anger and aggressiveness in competitive athletes was developed.Method A list of statements representing aggressiveness and anger was generated and distributed to competitive athletes from diverse sports. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses were used to verify the theoretically predicted factor structure. Correlations with an extant measure of aggression and anger were used to ascertain concurrent validity. Discriminant validity was tested by comparing males with females, and aggressive with non-aggressive footballers.Results A 12-item scale (Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale, CAAS) consisting of two subscales was derived using principal component factor analysis with oblimin rotation. Confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modelling confirmed the overall structure. Test-retest correlation, construct and discriminant validities were good, supporting the utility of the scale as a measure of athlete trait aggressiveness and anger.Conclusions The CAAS appears to be a useful measure of athletic anger and aggressiveness. Its brevity and ability to discriminate aggressive from non-aggressive athletes should prove useful for future research concerning aggressive behaviour in competitive athletes.},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hutchison, M; Mainwaring, L; Richards, D; Comper, P
Emotional response of injured varsity athletes: Examination of concussion and musculoskeletal injuries Journal Article
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 22, pp. 810–811, 2007, ISSN: 0887-6177.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Hutchison2007,
title = {Emotional response of injured varsity athletes: Examination of concussion and musculoskeletal injuries},
author = {Hutchison, M and Mainwaring, L and Richards, D and Comper, P},
issn = {0887-6177},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {22},
pages = {810--811},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Schwebel, David C; Banaszek, Mark M; McDaniel, McCall
Brief report: Behavioral risk factors for youth soccer (football) injury Journal Article
In: Journal of Pediatric Psychology, vol. 32, pp. 411–416, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology
@article{Schwebel2007,
title = {Brief report: Behavioral risk factors for youth soccer (football) injury},
author = {Schwebel, David C and Banaszek, Mark M and McDaniel, McCall},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Pediatric Psychology},
volume = {32},
pages = {411--416},
address = {Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, CH 415, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. schwebel@uab.edu},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: By most reports, soccer (football) is among the most played and most popular sports in the world. This study prospectively examined behavioral risk factors for youth soccer injury. METHOD: Sixty 11- and 12-year-old boys who played on six teams in a suburban recreational soccer league were followed over the course of a season. Six predictors were assessed prior to the start of the season via self-report measures from coaches, parents, and the players themselves: inhibition, aggression, risk-taking, skill, experience playing soccer, and physical size. All games were videotaped, and tapes were reviewed to record players' collisions with other players, fouls, falls during the course of play, and injuries. RESULTS: Greater skill and less experience playing soccer best predicted injury risk. Inhibition, aggression, and risk-taking did not emerge as predictors. CONCLUSION: Results are discussed with respect to previous research in youth sport and general pediatric injury risk.},
keywords = {Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Thomas, Sion; Reeves, Colin; Smith, Andrew
English soccer teams' aggressive behavior when playing away from home Journal Article
In: Perceptual & Motor Skills, vol. 102, pp. 317–320, 2006.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology
@article{Thomas2006,
title = {English soccer teams' aggressive behavior when playing away from home},
author = {Thomas, Sion and Reeves, Colin and Smith, Andrew},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Perceptual \& Motor Skills},
volume = {102},
pages = {317--320},
address = {The University of Greenwich, Eltham, London, UK.},
abstract = {Speculation about key factors affecting home advantage still exists. The present study investigated aggressive behavior amongst English Football Premiership (soccer) players and its relation to home advantage. The frequency of aggressive behaviour, identified by the award of a penalty or disciplinary card (yellow for caution or red for dismissal) was analysed over 2000-2003. Chi-square analyses assessed whether a greater frequency of aggressive behavior was performed by teams away from home. In decided matches, teams playing away received significantly more cautions (yellow cards) than home teams. A further analysis of tied matches indicated that away teams received significantly more cautions (yellow cards) than home teams. No significant differences between home and away teams were found for dismissals and penalties awarded. Reasons for these findings are considered.},
keywords = {Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lorenz, Stacy L; Osborne, Geraint B
"Talk About strenuous hockey": Violence, manhood, and the 1907 Ottawa Silver Seven-Montreal Wanderer rivalry Journal Article
In: Journal of Canadian Studies, vol. 40, pp. 125–156, 2006.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Lorenz2006,
title = {"Talk About strenuous hockey": Violence, manhood, and the 1907 Ottawa Silver Seven-Montreal Wanderer rivalry},
author = {Lorenz, Stacy L and Osborne, Geraint B},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Canadian Studies},
volume = {40},
pages = {125--156},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kavussanu, Maria
Motivational predictors of prosocial and antisocial behaviour in football Journal Article
In: Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 24, pp. 575–588, 2006.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology
@article{Kavussanu2006,
title = {Motivational predictors of prosocial and antisocial behaviour in football},
author = {Kavussanu, Maria},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sports Sciences},
volume = {24},
pages = {575--588},
address = {School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. m.kavussanu@$sim$bham.ac.uk},
abstract = {This study examined (a) the main and interactive effects of goal orientations and perceived motivational climate on prosocial and antisocial behaviour, and (b) whether number of seasons one has played for the team interacts with motivational climate in predicting prosocial and antisocial behaviour in association football. Participants were 325 male association football players, whose age ranged from 12 to 17 years. Athletes completed questionnaires measuring frequency of prosocial and antisocial behaviours in football, goal orientation, motivational climate and social desirability, and indicated the number of seasons they had played for their current team. Regression analyses revealed that task orientation and mastery climate were positive predictors of prosocial behaviour, whereas ego orientation and performance climate were positive predictors of antisocial behaviour. In addition, task orientation negatively predicted antisocial behaviour, while ego orientation negatively predicted prosocial behaviour. No significant interactions between task and ego orientation and mastery and performance motivational climate were found. Finally, mastery climate negatively predicted antisocial behaviour for those who had played many seasons for the team. In conclusion, strengthening task orientation and mastery climate and weakening ego orientation may enhance prosocial behaviour. However, for antisocial conduct to be eliminated from the context of association football, ego orientation and performance climate need to be tempered, as these constructs exert unique independent effects on antisocial behaviour.},
keywords = {Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Juntumaa, Birgitta; Keskivaara, Pertti; Punamaki, Raija-Leena
Parenting, achievement strategies and satisfaction in ice hockey Journal Article
In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, vol. 46, pp. 411–420, 2005, ISSN: 1467-9450.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey Education, Sport Psychology
@article{Juntumaa2005,
title = {Parenting, achievement strategies and satisfaction in ice hockey},
author = {Juntumaa, Birgitta and Keskivaara, Pertti and Punamaki, Raija-Leena},
issn = {1467-9450},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Psychology},
volume = {46},
pages = {411--420},
address = {Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland ; Department of Psychology, University of Tampere, Finland},
abstract = {The aim of this study is to understand adolescent players' satisfaction as a function of parenting styles, players' achievement strategies, and their norm breaking behavior. Finnish 14- and 16-year-old ice-hockey players (n= 1018) completed a questionnaire measuring their achievement strategies (SAQ; Nurmi, Salmela-Aro \& Haavisto, 1995b), as well as scales of norm breaking and satisfaction, prepared for the present study. The parents (n= 979) filled in scales measuring their parenting styles (CRPR; Pulkkinen, 1996) and attitudes towards norm breaking. Results revealed that players from authoritative families who showed a high level of mastery-orientation expressed high satisfaction in playing ice hockey. Results also showed negative associations between authoritative parenting and both task irrelevant and norm breaking behavior. Parents with parental stress and those with authoritarian parenting styles showed positive attitudes to norm breaking behavior, and players from authoritarian and parental stress homes showed norm breaking behavior in ice hockey. There was no association between norm breaking behavior and player satisfaction. Our results contribute to the planning of a coaching system that serves more educational and developmental purposes, and that encourages the desire to play ice hockey as a hobby.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey Education, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bernburg, Jon Gunnar; Thorlindsson, Thorolfur
Violent values, conduct norms, and youth aggression: A multilevel study in Iceland Journal Article
In: Sociological Quarterly, vol. 46, pp. 457–478, 2005.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Bernburg2005,
title = {Violent values, conduct norms, and youth aggression: A multilevel study in Iceland},
author = {Bernburg, Jon Gunnar and Thorlindsson, Thorolfur},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Sociological Quarterly},
volume = {46},
pages = {457--478},
abstract = {The subculture of violence approach suggests that group adherence to values \& norms that encourage violence influence aggressive behavior through two analytically separate processes: (1) internalization of values encouraging violence, \& (2) social control stemming from others' adherence to conduct norms. While some attention has been paid to the former process, the research has rarely addressed the latter. We examine the individual-level \& contextual effects of values that encourage violence \& perceived conduct norms on youth aggression in Iceland. The results indicate that group adherence to violent values \& norms influences aggression through social control as well as internalization (socialization), lending cross-cultural support to the subculture of violence perspective. 3 Tables, 2 Appendixes, 62 References. Adapted from the source document.},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lapi, Angelo
Violence in some so-called 'sports' Journal Article
In: Missouri Medicine, vol. 102, pp. 524–525, 2005.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Lapi2005,
title = {Violence in some so-called 'sports'},
author = {Lapi, Angelo},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Missouri Medicine},
volume = {102},
pages = {524--525},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jones, Marc V; Bray, Steven R; Olivier, Stephen
Game location and aggression in rugby league Journal Article
In: Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 23, pp. 387–393, 2005.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Rugby, Sport Psychology
@article{Jones2005,
title = {Game location and aggression in rugby league},
author = {Jones, Marc V and Bray, Steven R and Olivier, Stephen},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sports Sciences},
volume = {23},
pages = {387--393},
address = {Sport, Health and Exercise, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. marc.jones@staffs.ac.uk},
abstract = {The present study examined the relationship between aggression and game location in rugby league. We videotaped a random sample of 21 professional rugby league games played in the 2000 Super League season. Trained observers recorded the frequency of aggressive behaviours. Consistent with previous research, which used territoriality theories as a basis for prediction, we hypothesized that the home team would behave more aggressively than the away team. The results showed no significant difference in the frequency of aggressive behaviours exhibited by the home and away teams. However, the away teams engaged in substantially more aggressive behaviours in games they lost compared with games they won. No significant differences in the pattern of aggressive behaviours for home and away teams emerged as a function of game time (i.e. first or second half) or game situation (i.e. when teams were winning, losing or drawing). The findings suggest that while home and away teams do not display different levels of aggression, the cost of behaving aggressively (in terms of game outcome) may be greater for the away team.},
keywords = {Aggression Rugby, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Burton, Robert W
Aggression and sport Journal Article
In: Clinics in Sports Medicine, vol. 24, pp. 845–852, 2005.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Burton2005,
title = {Aggression and sport},
author = {Burton, Robert W},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Clinics in Sports Medicine},
volume = {24},
pages = {845--852},
address = {Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. rwbmd@comcast.net},
abstract = {Viewing aggression in its healthy form, in contrast to its extreme and inappropriate versions, and sport as a health-promoting exercise in psychological development and maturation may allow participants and spectators alike to retain an interest in aggression and sport and derive further enjoyment from them. In addition, it will benefit all involved with sport to have a broader understanding of human aggression. Physicians, mental health professionals, and other health care providers can be influential in this process, and should be willing to get involved and speak out when issues and problems arise. [References: 8]},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bloom, G A; Horton, A S; McCrory, P; Johnston, K M
Sport psychology and concussion: new impacts to explore Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 38, pp. 519–521, 2004.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Bloom2004,
title = {Sport psychology and concussion: new impacts to explore},
author = {Bloom, G A and Horton, A S and McCrory, P and Johnston, K M},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {38},
pages = {519--521},
address = {McGill University, Montreal, Canada.},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Pappas, N T; McKenry, P C; Catlett, B S
Athlete aggression on the rink and off the ice: Athlete violence and aggression in hockey and interpersonal relationships Journal Article
In: Men and Masculinities, vol. 6, pp. 291–312, 2004.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Pappas2004,
title = {Athlete aggression on the rink and off the ice: Athlete violence and aggression in hockey and interpersonal relationships},
author = {Pappas, N T and McKenry, P C and Catlett, B S},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Men and Masculinities},
volume = {6},
pages = {291--312},
abstract = {Because male athletes have exhibited aggressive tendencies in a variety of settings, they may be at risk for using violence both within \& beyond their sports involvement. Five former college/professional hockey players were interviewed to determine their perspectives on the nature of aggression \& violence in sports competition as well as in social relationships. The informants were asked about athletes' violence \& aggression toward teammates, acquaintances, \& female intimates. This analysis includes participants' experiences, observations, \& explanations of the instances of violence in hockey culture. The study findings yield (1) a greater understanding of the ways in which hockey socialization \& athletes' notions of masculinity combine to create a culture of aggression \& violence \& (2) two major factors -- consumption of alcohol \& the objectification of women -- that contribute to exporting violence outside the athletic arena.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hagel, Brent; Meeuwisse, Willem
Risk compensation: a "side effect" of sport injury prevention? Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 14, pp. 193–196, 2004.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Hagel2004,
title = {Risk compensation: a "side effect" of sport injury prevention?},
author = {Hagel, Brent and Meeuwisse, Willem},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {14},
pages = {193--196},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Landis, M
The team physician: An analysis of the causes of action, conflicts, defenses and improvements Journal Article
In: DePaul Journal of Sports Law & Contemporary Problems, vol. 1, pp. 139–207, 2003.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Ethics, Sport Psychology
@article{Landis2003,
title = {The team physician: An analysis of the causes of action, conflicts, defenses and improvements},
author = {Landis, M},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {DePaul Journal of Sports Law \& Contemporary Problems},
volume = {1},
pages = {139--207},
keywords = {Aggression Ethics, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wann, Daniel L; Shelton, Sarah; Smith, Tony; Walker, Rhonda
Relationship between team identification and trait aggression: a replication Journal Article
In: Perceptual & Motor Skills, vol. 94, pp. 595–598, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Wann2002,
title = {Relationship between team identification and trait aggression: a replication},
author = {Wann, Daniel L and Shelton, Sarah and Smith, Tony and Walker, Rhonda},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Perceptual \& Motor Skills},
volume = {94},
pages = {595--598},
address = {Department of Psychology, Murray State University, KY 42071, USA. danwann@msumusik.mursuky.edu},
abstract = {Research yielded no significant relationship between sport fandom and trait aggression. The current study replicated previous efforts using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, an updated version of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. In contrast to past work, the current study did yield a significant relationship between fandom and aggression for men.},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Robidoux, M
Imagining a Canadian identity through sport: A historical interpretation of lacrosse and hockey Journal Article
In: Journal of American Folklore, vol. 115, pp. 209–225, 2002, ISSN: 0021-8715.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey Other Sports, Sport Psychology
@article{Robidoux2002,
title = {Imagining a Canadian identity through sport: A historical interpretation of lacrosse and hockey},
author = {Robidoux, M},
issn = {0021-8715},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Journal of American Folklore},
volume = {115},
pages = {209--225},
address = {Univ Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. Robidoux, M, Univ Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.},
abstract = {Sport in Canada during the late 19th century was intended to promote physical excellence, emotional restraint, fair play, and discipline; yet these ideological principles were consistently undermined by the manner in which Canadians played the game of hockey. This article explores the genesis of violence in hockey by focusing on its vernacular origins and discusses the relevance of violence as an expression fo Canadian national identity in terms of First Nations and French Canadian expressions of sport.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey Other Sports, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jones, Marc V; Paull, Geoffrey C; Erskine, John
The impact of a team's aggressive reputation on the decisions of association football referees Journal Article
In: Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 20, pp. 991–1000, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology
@article{Jones2002a,
title = {The impact of a team's aggressive reputation on the decisions of association football referees},
author = {Jones, Marc V and Paull, Geoffrey C and Erskine, John},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sports Sciences},
volume = {20},
pages = {991--1000},
address = {Sport, Health and Exercise, School of Health, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. marc.jones@staffs.ac.uk},
abstract = {It has been suggested that individuals may use heuristic methods of reasoning and rely on schemata when a quick decision is necessary. Accordingly, it is possible that decisions made by sport officials may be influenced by prior knowledge they have about teams they are officiating. The aim of the present study was to determine whether sport officials are more likely to penalize individuals who participate in a team with an aggressive reputation. In a balanced design, 38 football referees were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group and were presented with the same 50 video clips of incidents from football games, all involving a team in a blue strip ('blue team'). The incidents were categorized before the study by five experienced referees into fouls committed both by, and against, the blue team, where all participants agreed that a foul had been committed (certain incidents), disagreed it was a foul (uncertain incidents) or agreed that there was no foul (innocuous incidents). Both groups received written instructions before the task; in addition, the experimental group was informed that the blue team present in all of the clips had a reputation for foul and aggressive play. For each incident, the participants were required to indicate what action they would engage in if refereeing the game. Although there was no difference in the number of decisions made, the experimental group awarded significantly more red and yellow cards against the blue team both overall and for the 'certain' incidents. It is suggested that prior knowledge may impact referees' behaviour in a laboratory setting, although future research should explore whether a similar effect is observed in the behaviour of referees during football matches.},
keywords = {Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Juhn, Mark S; Brolinson, Per Gunnar; Duffey, Timothy; Stockard, Alan; Vangelos, Zenos A; Emaus, Erik; Maddox, Matthew; Boyajian, Lori; Henehan, Michael; Medicine, American Osteopathic Academy of Sports
Position Statement. Violence and injury in ice hockey Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 12, pp. 46–51, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Juhn2002,
title = {Position Statement. Violence and injury in ice hockey},
author = {Juhn, Mark S and Brolinson, Per Gunnar and Duffey, Timothy and Stockard, Alan and Vangelos, Zenos A and Emaus, Erik and Maddox, Matthew and Boyajian, Lori and Henehan, Michael and Medicine, American Osteopathic Academy of Sports},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {12},
pages = {46--51},
address = {Hall Health Sports Medicine, University of Washington, 354410 E. Stevens Circle, Seattle, WA 98195-4410, USA.},
abstract = {Ice hockey is a sport enjoyed by many men and women at the spectator and participant level. It is played with high intensity and often involves body contact. Although the women's games is far from injury free, it is the men's game that has drawn criticism for excessive violence. Much attention has been drawn to the serious injuries that have occurred in ice hockey, specifically spinal injuries, concussions, and eye injuries. Many such injuries are the result of illegal and violent acts such as checking from behind or a deliberate high stick. Because of this, some medical organizations have called for changes in the sport, such as minimum age requirements for body-checking. As a practical matter such changes are unlikely to be accepted by hockey governing boards. Many of those involved in the sport consider body-checking a fundamental component of the game. Furthermore, a distinction needs to be made between any kind of injury and a serious, catastrophic injury. For example, although a recent study found that body-checking accounted for up to 38% of ice hockey injuries, none were of the catastrophic type. With respect to catastrophic injuries such as spinal cord trauma or a blinded eye, legal body-checking accounts for significantly less than illegal body-checking (e.g., checking from behind) or violent stick work. To reduce serious injury in ice hockey, we offer 10 recommendations, key among them automatic game suspensions for certain rules violations, and recognition of the coach as the most important figure in promoting a clean, safe game.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Stephens, D E
Predictors of aggressive tendencies in girls' basketball: an examination of beginning and advanced participants in a summer skills camp Journal Article
In: Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, vol. 72, pp. 257–266, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Basketball, Sport Psychology
@article{Stephens2001,
title = {Predictors of aggressive tendencies in girls' basketball: an examination of beginning and advanced participants in a summer skills camp},
author = {Stephens, D E},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Research Quarterly for Exercise \& Sport},
volume = {72},
pages = {257--266},
address = {Department of Health, Leisure, and Sport Studies, University of Iowa, USA. dawn-e-stephens@uiowa.edu},
abstract = {This study was designed to extend previous research on aggressive tendencies and moral atmosphere in two ways: (a) to include participants of two skill levels in a summer youth basketball skill camp and (b) to examine the influence of the coach on participants' aggressive tendencies. The participants were 136 youth from either a beginning (n = 89) or an advanced sport camp (n = 47). Results indicated that primary predictors of aggressive tendencies for both skill levels included participants' perception of their teammates' behavior in the same situation and their willingness to injure others if their coach requested. These findings are consistent with previous research establishing team norm as a significant predictor for self-described aggressive tendencies in a sport situation.},
keywords = {Aggression Basketball, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wann, D L; Ensor, C L
Family motivation and a more accurate classification of preferences for aggressive sports Journal Article
In: Perceptual & Motor Skills, vol. 92, pp. 603–605, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Wann2001,
title = {Family motivation and a more accurate classification of preferences for aggressive sports},
author = {Wann, D L and Ensor, C L},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Perceptual \& Motor Skills},
volume = {92},
pages = {603--605},
address = {Department of Psychology, Murray State University, KY 42071, USA. danwann@msumusik.mursuky.edu},
abstract = {In previous research there were no significant differences in family motivation between individuals with a preference for aggressive sports and those with a preference for nonaggressive sports. The current study replicated the past research with a more valid method of classifying participants into the sport-preference groups. 82 participants completed the Family Motivation Subscale of the Sport Fan Motivation Scale and listed their five favorite sports. As predicted, correlations indicated no significant relationships between preferences for aggressive sports and strength of family motivation.},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dvorak, J; Junge, A; Chomiak, J; Graf-Baumann, T; Peterson, L; Rosch, D; Hodgson, R
Risk factor analysis for injuries in football players. Possibilities for a prevention program Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 28, pp. S69–74, 2000.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Football (American), Sport Psychology
@article{Dvorak2000,
title = {Risk factor analysis for injuries in football players. Possibilities for a prevention program},
author = {Dvorak, J and Junge, A and Chomiak, J and Graf-Baumann, T and Peterson, L and Rosch, D and Hodgson, R},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {28},
pages = {S69--74},
address = {Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.},
abstract = {Review of the literature shows that information concerning risk factors for football injuries is incomplete and partly contradictory. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of medical history, physical findings, football skills, and football performance, as well as psychosocial characteristics on the occurrence and severity of football injuries. The prospective outline of the study was as follows: after a baseline examination was performed to ascertain possible predictors of injury, all players were followed up weekly for 1 year to register subsequent injuries and complaints. Two hundred sixty-four of 398 players (67%) had complete weekly follow-ups over 1 year. A majority of the players (N = 216; 82%) were injured during the observation period. In comparing injured and uninjured players, several differences were observed. To create a multidimensional predictor score for football injuries, 17 risk factors were selected. These risk factors covered a wide spectrum, such as previous injuries, acute complaints, inadequate rehabilitation, poor health awareness, high life-event stress, playing characteristics, poor reaction time, poor endurance, and insufficient preparation for games. By summing up the individual risk factors, a predictive sum was calculated for each player. The more risk factors present at the baseline examination, the higher the probability of that player incurring an injury in the ensuing year. Using two risk factors as the cut-off score, more than 80% of the players were correctly classified as to whether they went on to incur an injury. Based on these findings, knowledge from the literature, and practical experience, possibilities for a prevention program are suggested.},
keywords = {Aggression Football (American), Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ntoumanis, N; Biddle, S
The relationship between achievement goal profile groups and perceptions of motivational climates in sport Journal Article
In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, vol. 8, pp. 120–124, 1998.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Education, Sport Psychology
@article{Ntoumanis1998,
title = {The relationship between achievement goal profile groups and perceptions of motivational climates in sport},
author = {Ntoumanis, N and Biddle, S},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Medicine \& Science in Sports},
volume = {8},
pages = {120--124},
address = {School of Education, University of Exeter, UK.},
abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to expand on previous research that has found compatibility between individuals' views on achievement and the type of achievement that was promoted in the sport environment they belonged to. However, this line of research has ignored the fact that the two main goal orientations are largely independent and that their impact in combination is often different from their effects examined separately. The present study, therefore, examined which combinations of goal orientations are compatible with perceptions of mastery and performance climates in a sample of 146 British university students. With regard to mastery climate, the analysis showed that the critical factor was the degree of task orientation since those with high scores in this factor (irrespective of the degree of their ego orientation) perceived the climate as more mastery-oriented than those with low scores in task orientation. This was substantiated by the large differences in effect sizes between the high- and low-task groups. As far as performance climate was concerned, the most negative perceptions of climate were held by those who were rated both low in task orientation and high in ego orientation. A general inference from these results is that high task orientation is motivationally adaptive, whereas high ego orientation is not motivationally detrimental as long as it is accompanied by a high task orientation. These findings are in contrast with previous suggestions that have called for the enhancement of task orientation with the concurrent suppression of ego orientation. Our results are, however, consonant with studies which have employed a goal profiles analysis in sport and in physical education, and with empirical evidence from real sport settings.},
keywords = {Aggression Education, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dunn, Robert; Stevenson, Christopher
The paradox of the church hockey league Journal Article
In: International Review for the Sociology of Sport, vol. 33, pp. 131–141, 1998.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey Ethics, Sport Psychology
@article{Dunn1998,
title = {The paradox of the church hockey league},
author = {Dunn, Robert and Stevenson, Christopher},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
journal = {International Review for the Sociology of Sport},
volume = {33},
pages = {131--141},
abstract = {We investigated a local church ice hockey league, because it: (a) was specifically created for the playing of hockey according to `Christian' values and expectations; (b) consisted of eight teams from evangelical churches, which led us to presuppose an explicit expectation for the integration of the Christian faith into all aspects of life, including sport; and (c) presented an implict paradox between the nature of the game and the practice of the Christian faith. Informal, structured interviews with 20 volunteers from four of the teams revealed that the practice of the league was dominated by an explicitly `Christian' ethos rather than by the sport ethic. Any problems the players did report were explained from an interactionist/role-identity perspective as the consequence of a reflexive analysis of the relative values of the various role-identity options available to the individual in the setting. In this regard we were able to identify three stereotypes of players: the consistent, the struggling and the nominal.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey Ethics, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bushman, B J; Wells, G L
Trait aggressiveness and hockey penalties: predicting hot tempers on the ice Journal Article
In: Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 83, pp. 969–974, 1998.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Bushman1998,
title = {Trait aggressiveness and hockey penalties: predicting hot tempers on the ice},
author = {Bushman, B J and Wells, G L},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Psychology},
volume = {83},
pages = {969--974},
address = {Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011-3180, USA. bushman@iastate.edu},
abstract = {Previous studies examining the validity of measures of trait aggressiveness either have been retrospective studies or have used laboratory aggression as the criterion behavior. Can a measure of trait aggressiveness predict nonlaboratory physical aggression? The Physical Aggression subscale of the Aggression Questionnaire was completed by 91 high school hockey players prior to the start of the season. At the end of the season, these trait aggressiveness scores were regressed on minutes in the penalty box for aggressive penalties (e.g., fighting, slashing, tripping) and minutes in the penalty box for nonaggressive penalties (e.g., delay of game, illegal equipment, too many players). As expected, preseason trait aggressiveness scores predicted aggressive penalty minutes (r = .33) but not nonaggressive penalty minutes (r = .04).},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Young, K
The swimsuit issue and sport: Hegemonic masculinity in sports illustrated Journal Article
In: Gender & Society, vol. 12, pp. 479–481, 1998, ISSN: 0891-2432.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Young1998,
title = {The swimsuit issue and sport: Hegemonic masculinity in sports illustrated},
author = {Young, K},
issn = {0891-2432},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
journal = {Gender \& Society},
volume = {12},
pages = {479--481},
address = {Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Young, K, Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Pipe, A
Reviving ethics in sports time for physicians to act Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 26, pp. 39–40, 1998.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Legal & Policy Issues, Sport Psychology
@article{Pipe1998,
title = {Reviving ethics in sports time for physicians to act},
author = {Pipe, A},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {26},
pages = {39--40},
address = {University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, CAN.},
abstract = {When will we face the fact that we're producing some really ugly, violent young men?" observed my friend, an internationally prominent basketball coach, who is given neither to hand-wringing nor to strident overstatement. His disquieting words cast a pall over an already disheartening conversation about the state of contemporary sports.},
keywords = {Aggression Legal \& Policy Issues, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Theberge, Nancy
"Same sport, different gender": A consideration of binary gender logic and the sport continuum in the case of ice hockey Journal Article
In: Journal of Sport and Social Issues, vol. 22, pp. 183–198, 1998.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey Gender Differ, Sport Psychology
@article{Theberge1998,
title = {"Same sport, different gender": A consideration of binary gender logic and the sport continuum in the case of ice hockey},
author = {Theberge, Nancy},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sport and Social Issues},
volume = {22},
pages = {183--198},
abstract = {This article responds to a call by Mary Jo Kane in an earlier Journal of Sport \& Social Issues article to consider the "sport continuum" as a counter to conceptions of sport as an "oppositional binary" in which gender is naturalized. The continuum emphasizes women's participation in male-identified team contact sports. Drawing from field work and interviews with elite-level players, the analysis examines the dynamics of the continuum in the context of ice hockey. Player accounts of the practice of men's and women's hockey and their own experiences in gender-integrated settings highlight the many ways in which the construction of hockey and hockey players are distinctly social experiences. The conclusion offers an assessment of the sport continuum as a strategy to challenge the oppositional binary.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey Gender Differ, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jones, J C H; Nadeau, S; Walsh, W D
The wages of sin: Employment and salary effects of violence in the National Hockey League Journal Article
In: Atlantic Economic Journal, vol. 25, pp. 191–206, 1997, ISSN: 0197-4254.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey Professional S, Sport Psychology
@article{Jones1997,
title = {The wages of sin: Employment and salary effects of violence in the National Hockey League},
author = {Jones, J C H and Nadeau, S and Walsh, W D},
issn = {0197-4254},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
journal = {Atlantic Economic Journal},
volume = {25},
pages = {191--206},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey Professional S, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ginsburg, K R
Teen violence prevention: how to make a brief encounter make a difference Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 25, pp. 69–83, 1997.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Adolescents, Sport Psychology
@article{Ginsburg1997,
title = {Teen violence prevention: how to make a brief encounter make a difference},
author = {Ginsburg, K R},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {25},
pages = {69--83},
address = {Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.},
abstract = {Physicians with an interest in sports medicine often have contact with adolescents, many of whom are directly or indirectly involved in violent behavior. With appropriate techniques, such physicians can use brief contacts with adolescents to address issues of violent behavior. Ideally, counseling begins with a comprehensive psychosocial screen. However, in short office or training room visits, a three-question psychosocial screen can bring up relevant issues, and a violence screen can refine the history. The physician can then move to situation- and age-appropriate counseling and role-playing techniques as needed.},
keywords = {Aggression Adolescents, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Belanger, A
Hockey in Quebec, much more than a game: A sociological analysis of hockey's central place in the Quebecers' quest for identity Journal Article
In: Loisir & Societe-Society and Leisure, vol. 19, pp. 539–557, 1996, ISSN: 0705-3436.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Belanger1996,
title = {Hockey in Quebec, much more than a game: A sociological analysis of hockey's central place in the Quebecers' quest for identity},
author = {Belanger, A},
issn = {0705-3436},
year = {1996},
date = {1996-01-01},
journal = {Loisir \& Societe-Society and Leisure},
volume = {19},
pages = {539--557},
abstract = {How can a culturally-futile practice such as hockey be of interest to Quebec sociologists? This paper focuses on hockey as a popular cultural practice in this province. Emphasis is put on its complexity, its various modes of expression, its background and its overwhelming influence on Quebecers' imagination. It particularly illustrates the process by which this sport has come to incorporate the quest for identity of many Quebecers since the '50s. The issue of cultural identity, the quest for this identity, the anguish which has affected the people from the past up to the present are also expressed in hockey. Questioning this sport about its identity problem amounts to questioning the imagination of Quebecers to learn more about their hopes and fears in terms of cultural identity. Maurice Richard's and Guy Lafleur's biographies, as well as newspaper and magazine clippings, are examined for this purpose. The study suggests that hockey is still the locus of tension of the Quebecers' identity problem, even in the current context of a world capitalist.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Tegner, Y; Lorentzon, R
Concussion among Swedish elite ice hockey players Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 30, pp. 251–255, 1996.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Tegner1996,
title = {Concussion among Swedish elite ice hockey players},
author = {Tegner, Y and Lorentzon, R},
year = {1996},
date = {1996-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {30},
pages = {251--255},
address = {Ermeline Clinic, Lulea, Sweden.},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of concussion in Swedish ice hockey and to establish a uniform grading and treatment model for concussions of different severity. METHODS: Frequency of concussion was investigated in two studies, one retrospective and one prospective. In the retrospective study, all Swedish elite ice hockey players (n = 265) were asked to answer a questionnaire on the number and treatment of previous concussions. Only concussions diagnosed by a doctor were recorded. The questionnaire was completed by 227 players (86%). In the prospective study, all injuries including concussions occurring during game and practice in the Swedish Elite League (n = 12 teams) were recorded during four years. The causes of injury, referees judgements, diagnosis, treatment, and time absent from ice hockey were registered on special cards. RESULTS: In the retrospective study, 51 out of 227 players (22%) in the Swedish Elite League reported at least one concussion. In the prospective study, 52 concussions were reported. The incidence of a concussion is at least one concussion every year/team or a yearly risk of about 5% for a player to sustain a concussion. Most concussions occurred during league play (81%). Body contact (checking or boarding) was the most common cause of concussions. The players were absent from full training and play on a mean of 6 d. CONCLUSIONS: As this injury is potentially dangerous it must be treated seriously according to a simple treatment model presented. In cases of repeated concussions during the same season, a longer period of time away from play is suggested. In players who have sustained several concussions over the years a thorough medical examination including EEG, CT/MRI, and neuropsychological tests should be performed. If any of these is pathological the player should be advised to give up ice hockey.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Smith, A M; Stuart, M J; Dodick, D W; Roberts, W O; Alford, P W; Ashare, A B; Aubrey, M; Benson, B W; Burke, C J; Dick, R; Eickhoff, C; Emery, C A; Flashman, L A; Gaz, D; Giza, C C; Greenwald, R M; Herring, S; Hoshizaki, T B; Hudziak, J J; Huston 3rd, J; Krause, D; LaVoi, N; Leaf, M; Leddy, J J; MacPherson, A; McKee, A C; Mihalik, J P; Moessner, A M; Montelpare, W J; Putukian, M; Schneider, K J; Szalkowski, R; Tabrum, M; Whitehead, J; Wiese-Bjornstal, D M
Ice Hockey Summit II: zero tolerance for head hits and fighting Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 25, pp. 78–87, 2015.
@article{Smith2015,
title = {Ice Hockey Summit II: zero tolerance for head hits and fighting},
author = {Smith, A M and Stuart, M J and Dodick, D W and Roberts, W O and Alford, P W and Ashare, A B and Aubrey, M and Benson, B W and Burke, C J and Dick, R and Eickhoff, C and Emery, C A and Flashman, L A and Gaz, D and Giza, C C and Greenwald, R M and Herring, S and Hoshizaki, T B and Hudziak, J J and {Huston 3rd}, J and Krause, D and LaVoi, N and Leaf, M and Leddy, J J and MacPherson, A and McKee, A C and Mihalik, J P and Moessner, A M and Montelpare, W J and Putukian, M and Schneider, K J and Szalkowski, R and Tabrum, M and Whitehead, J and Wiese-Bjornstal, D M},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {25},
pages = {78--87},
address = {Smith,Aynsley M. Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To present currently known basic science and on-ice influences of sport-related concussion (SRC) in hockey, building on the Ice Hockey Summit I action plan (2011) to reduce SRC. METHODS: The prior summit proceedings included an action plan intended to reduce SRC. As such, the proceedings from Summit I served as a point of departure, for the science and discussion held during Summit II (Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, October 2013). Summit II focused on (1) Basic Science of Concussions in Ice Hockey: Taking Science Forward; (2) Acute and Chronic Concussion Care: Making a Difference; (3) Preventing Concussions via Behavior, Rules, Education and Measuring Effectiveness; (4) Updates in Equipment: their Relationship to Industry Standards; and (5) Policies and Plans at State, National and Federal Levels to reduce SRC. Action strategies derived from the presentations and discussion described in these sectors were subsequently voted on for purposes of prioritization. The following proceedings include knowledge and research shared by invited faculty, many of whom are health care providers and clinical investigators. RESULTS: The Summit II evidence-based action plan emphasizes the rapidly evolving scientific content of hockey SRC. It includes the most highly prioritized strategies voted on for implementation to decrease concussion. CONCLUSIONS: The highest priority action items identified from the Summit includes the following: (1) eliminate head hits from all levels of ice hockey, (2) change body-checking policies, and (3) eliminate fighting in all amateur and professional hockey.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Snell, D L; Surgenor, L J; Hay-Smith, E J; Williman, J; Siegert, R J
The contribution of psychological factors to recovery after mild traumatic brain injury: is cluster analysis a useful approach? Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, pp. 291–299, 2015.
@article{Snell2015,
title = {The contribution of psychological factors to recovery after mild traumatic brain injury: is cluster analysis a useful approach?},
author = {Snell, D L and Surgenor, L J and Hay-Smith, E J and Williman, J and Siegert, R J},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
pages = {291--299},
address = {Snell,Deborah L. Concussion Clinic, Burwood Hospital , Christchurch , New Zealand .},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Outcomes after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) vary, with slow or incomplete recovery for a significant minority. This study examines whether groups of cases with shared psychological factors but with different injury outcomes could be identified using cluster analysis. METHOD: This is a prospective observational study following 147 adults presenting to a hospital-based emergency department or concussion services in Christchurch, New Zealand. This study examined associations between baseline demographic, clinical, psychological variables (distress, injury beliefs and symptom burden) and outcome 6 months later. A two-step approach to cluster analysis was applied (Ward's method to identify clusters, K-means to refine results). RESULTS: Three meaningful clusters emerged (high-adapters, medium-adapters, low-adapters). Baseline cluster-group membership was significantly associated with outcomes over time. High-adapters appeared recovered by 6-weeks and medium-adapters revealed improvements by 6-months. The low-adapters continued to endorse many symptoms, negative recovery expectations and distress, being significantly at risk for poor outcome more than 6-months after injury (OR (good outcome)=0.12; CI=0.03-0.53; p\<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Cluster analysis supported the notion that groups could be identified early post-injury based on psychological factors, with group membership associated with differing outcomes over time. Implications for clinical care providers regarding therapy targets and cases that may benefit from different intensities of intervention are discussed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ozen, L J; Fernandes, M A; Clark, A J; Roy, E A
Evidence of cognitive decline in older adults after remote traumatic brain injury: an exploratory study Journal Article
In: Aging Neuropsychology & Cognition, vol. 22, pp. 517–533, 2015.
@article{Ozen2015,
title = {Evidence of cognitive decline in older adults after remote traumatic brain injury: an exploratory study},
author = {Ozen, L J and Fernandes, M A and Clark, A J and Roy, E A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Aging Neuropsychology \& Cognition},
volume = {22},
pages = {517--533},
address = {Ozen,Lana J. a Department of Psychology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada.},
abstract = {Separate bodies of literature indicate that a history of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and natural aging may result in overlapping cognitive profiles, yet little is known about their combined effect. We predicted that a remote TBI would compound normal age-related cognitive decline, particularly affecting executive function. Neuropsychological task performance was compared between a group of older adults who sustained a TBI in their distant past (N = 9) and a group of older adults with no history of head injury (N = 15). While all participants scored in the normal range on the Mini-Mental State Examination, the TBI group scored lower than the non-TBI group. Also, in line with predictions, the TBI group made more errors on measures of executive functioning compared to the non-TBI group (the Trail Making B test and the incongruent condition of the Stroop Test), but performed similarly on all tasks with little executive requirements. Findings from this exploratory study indicate that a past TBI may put older adults at a higher risk for exacerbated age-related cognitive decline compared to older adults with no history of TBI.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Merritt, V C; Rabinowitz, A R; Arnett, P A
Injury-related predictors of symptom severity following sports-related concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 37, pp. 265–275, 2015.
@article{Merritt2015,
title = {Injury-related predictors of symptom severity following sports-related concussion},
author = {Merritt, V C and Rabinowitz, A R and Arnett, P A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical \& Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {37},
pages = {265--275},
address = {Merritt,Victoria C. a Department of Psychology , Pennsylvania State University, University Park , PA , USA.},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Decisions regarding return to play after sports-related concussion partially revolve around athletes' self-reported symptoms. Given this emphasis on symptoms, it would be beneficial to be able to identify characteristics that could predict which athletes may be susceptible to developing an increase in postconcussion symptoms following head injury. The purpose of this study was to describe the symptoms that athletes endorse immediately following concussion and to determine what impact injury-related characteristics have on the development of postconcussion symptoms within the first week following concussion. METHOD: Participants included 54 collegiate athletes who sustained concussions and were referred to our concussion management program for postconcussion testing. The main outcome measures included the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale and an interview querying athletes' retrospective symptoms over time, starting immediately postinjury. RESULTS: Descriptive statistics revealed that the most common immediate symptoms following concussion include dizziness (endorsed by 83.6% of the sample), headache (65.5%), feeling in a fog (61.8%), and visual disturbance (60.0%). Logistic regression analyses indicated that retrograde and anterograde amnesia, as well as loss of consciousness, were not significantly predictive of postconcussion symptoms within one week following concussion (p \> .05). However, the total symptom score assessed immediately postinjury, in addition to endorsing immediate headache symptoms following concussion, reliably predicted a higher level of symptom reporting in the first week following concussion (p \< .05). Finally, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, using 80% sensitivity to predict the high postconcussion symptom group, established cutoff scores of 7.5 for the immediate total symptom score and 0.5 for immediate headache. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate the importance of evaluating symptoms immediately following concussion. Athletes who endorse more immediate postconcussion symptoms, especially headache symptoms, may be at risk for greater and more severe postconcussion symptoms within the first week following concussion. The present findings have implications for the management and treatment of sports-related concussions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Meyer, J E; Arnett, P A
Validation of the Affective Word List as a measure of verbal learning and memory Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 37, pp. 316–324, 2015.
@article{Meyer2015a,
title = {Validation of the Affective Word List as a measure of verbal learning and memory},
author = {Meyer, J E and Arnett, P A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical \& Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {37},
pages = {316--324},
address = {Meyer,Jessica E. a Department of Psychology , The Pennsylvania State University, University Park , PA , USA.},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the Affective Word List (AWL), a measure designed to assess affective bias, as a measure of verbal learning and memory in the context of baseline concussion evaluations. The AWL was developed to assess affective bias in order to circumvent the tendency of some examinees to minimize self-report of depression symptoms. However, because it is designed as a traditional list-learning task, the cognitive indices of the AWL have the added potential to be used as measures of verbal learning and memory. It would be useful to have a performance-based measure that is sensitive to both the affective and cognitive consequences of concussion. METHOD: Participants from a university-based sports concussion program were used to evaluate the descriptive statistics and distribution of the AWL and its convergent and discriminant validity. A separate sample of undergraduate students, active in intramural or club athletics, served as participants for a delayed alternate-form reliability study. All reliability and validity results were compared with those of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) and the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing Verbal Memory Composite (ImPACT-VM). RESULTS: Results of this study showed that the cognitive indices of the AWL have normal distributions, and its four forms are equivalent. The AWL demonstrated moderate delayed alternate-form reliability, moderate convergent validity with other measures of verbal learning and memory, and strong discriminant validity with measures of processing speed and reaction time. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study suggest that the AWL may have clinical utility as a measure of verbal learning and memory in concussion management and research.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kroshus, E; Garnett, B; Hawrilenko, M; Baugh, C M; Calzo, J P
Concussion under-reporting and pressure from coaches, teammates, fans, and parents Journal Article
In: Social Science & Medicine, vol. 134, pp. 66–75, 2015.
@article{Kroshus2015ab,
title = {Concussion under-reporting and pressure from coaches, teammates, fans, and parents},
author = {Kroshus, E and Garnett, B and Hawrilenko, M and Baugh, C M and Calzo, J P},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
volume = {134},
pages = {66--75},
address = {Kroshus,Emily. Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Science, USA; National Collegiate Athletic Association, Sport Science Institute, USA; Harvard University, Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics, USA. Electronic address: emk32},
abstract = {Concussions from sport present a substantial public health burden given the number of youth, adolescent and emerging adult athletes that participate in contact or collision sports. Athletes who fail to report symptoms of a suspected concussion and continue play are at risk of worsened symptomatology and potentially catastrophic neurologic consequences if another impact is sustained during this vulnerable period. Understanding why athletes do or do not report their symptoms is critical for developing efficacious strategies for risk reduction. Psychosocial theories and frameworks that explicitly incorporate context, as a source of expectations about the outcomes of reporting and as a source of behavioral reinforcement, are useful in framing this problem. The present study quantifies the pressure that athletes experience to continue playing after a head impact--from coaches, teammates, parents, and fans--and assesses how this pressure, both independently and as a system, is related to future concussion reporting intention. Participants in the study were 328 male and female athletes from 19 teams competing in one of seven sports (soccer, lacrosse, basketball, softball, baseball, volleyball, field hockey) at four colleges in the northeast region of the United States. Results found that more than one-quarter of the sample had experienced pressure from at least one source to continue playing after a head impact during the previous year. Results of a latent profile mixture model indicated that athletes who experienced pressure from all four of the measured sources were significantly more likely to intend to continue playing in the future than were athletes who had not experienced pressure from all sources, or only pressure from coaches and teammates. These findings underscore the importance of designing interventions that address the system in which athletes make decisions about concussion reporting, including athletes' parents, rather than focusing solely on modifying the individual's reporting cognitions.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hill, B D; Womble, M N; Rohling, M L
Logistic regression function for detection of suspicious performance during baseline evaluations using concussion vital signs Journal Article
In: Applied Neuropsychology. Adult, vol. 22, pp. 233–240, 2015.
@article{Hill2015,
title = {Logistic regression function for detection of suspicious performance during baseline evaluations using concussion vital signs},
author = {Hill, B D and Womble, M N and Rohling, M L},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Applied Neuropsychology. Adult},
volume = {22},
pages = {233--240},
address = {Hill,Benjamin David. a Psychology Department , University of South Alabama , Mobile , Alabama.},
abstract = {This study utilized logistic regression to determine whether performance patterns on Concussion Vital Signs (CVS) could differentiate known groups with either genuine or feigned performance. For the embedded measure development group (n = 174), clinical patients and undergraduate students categorized as feigning obtained significantly lower scores on the overall test battery mean for the CVS, Shipley-2 composite score, and California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition subtests than did genuinely performing individuals. The final full model of 3 predictor variables (Verbal Memory immediate hits, Verbal Memory immediate correct passes, and Stroop Test complex reaction time correct) was significant and correctly classified individuals in their known group 83% of the time (sensitivity = .65; specificity = .97) in a mixed sample of young-adult clinical cases and simulators. The CVS logistic regression function was applied to a separate undergraduate college group (n = 378) that was asked to perform genuinely and identified 5% as having possibly feigned performance indicating a low false-positive rate. The failure rate was 11% and 16% at baseline cognitive testing in samples of high school and college athletes, respectively. These findings have particular relevance given the increasing use of computerized test batteries for baseline cognitive testing and return-to-play decisions after concussion.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cusimano, M D; Nastis, S; Zuccaro, L
Effectiveness of interventions to reduce aggression and injuries among ice hockey players: a systematic review Journal Article
In: CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 185, pp. E57–69, 2013.
@article{Cusimano2013,
title = {Effectiveness of interventions to reduce aggression and injuries among ice hockey players: a systematic review},
author = {Cusimano, M D and Nastis, S and Zuccaro, L},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal},
volume = {185},
pages = {E57--69},
address = {Division of Neurosurgery, and the Injury Prevention Research Office, Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada. injuryprevention@smh.ca},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The increasing incidence of injuries related to playing ice hockey is an important public health issue. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce injuries related to aggressive acts in ice hockey. METHODS: We identified relevant articles by searching electronic databases from their inception through July 2012, by using Internet search engines, and by manually searching sports medicine journals, the book series Safety in Ice Hockey and reference lists of included articles. We included studies that evaluated interventions to reduce aggression-related injuries and reported ratings of aggressive behaviour or rates of penalties or injuries. RESULTS: We identified 18 eligible studies. Most involved players in minor hockey leagues. Of 13 studies that evaluated changes in mandatory rules intended to lessen aggression (most commonly the restriction of body-checking), 11 observed a reduction in penalty or injury rates associated with rule changes, and 9 of these showed a statistically significant decrease. The mean number of penalties decreased by 1.2-5.9 per game, and injury rates decreased 3- to 12-fold. All 3 studies of educational interventions showed a reduction in penalty rates, but they were not powered or designed to show a change in injury rates. In 2 studies of cognitive behavioural interventions, reductions in aggressive behaviours were observed. INTERPRETATION: Changes to mandatory rules were associated with reductions in penalties for aggressive acts and in injuries related to aggression among ice hockey players. Effects of educational and cognitive behavioural interventions on injury rates are less clear. Well-designed studies of multifaceted strategies that combine such approaches are required.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Var, F A; Rajeswaran, J
Perception of illness in patients with traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, vol. 34, pp. 223–226, 2012.
@article{Var2012,
title = {Perception of illness in patients with traumatic brain injury},
author = {Var, F A and Rajeswaran, J},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine},
volume = {34},
pages = {223--226},
address = {Var,Firdous Ahmad. Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Perception of illness plays an important role in recovery process. It affects our coping behaviors, adherence to treatment and preventive measures taken for healthy recovery. AIMS: The aim of the study is to examine perception of illness in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross sectional study design done on sample of 31 patients with mild to moderate TBI. Depression anxiety stress scales-21 (DASS-21), Brief illness perception questionnaire (IPQ) and Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) was used. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive and correlational statistics was used. RESULTS: The results indicated that overall higher percentage falls within low and medium range of IPQ. However higher percentage falls within higher range, on coherence and emotional response subscales of IPQ. Consequence, timeline, personal control, treatment control, concern, emotional control, and total of the subscales of IPQ were positively correlated with RPQ3 and RPQ13 at 0.01 and 0.05 level of significance. A significant correlation was found between demographic variables and subscales of IPQ at 0.01 and 0.05 level of significance. CONCLUSION: The study shows one to one relationship between symptoms experienced by patients, how they perceive their illness and socio demographic variables.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kale, Rajendra
Stop the violence and play hockey Journal Article
In: CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 184, pp. 275, 2012.
@article{Kale2012,
title = {Stop the violence and play hockey},
author = {Kale, Rajendra},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal},
volume = {184},
pages = {275},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Esfandiari, A; Broshek, D K; Freeman, J R
Psychiatric and neuropsychological issues in sports medicine Journal Article
In: Clinics in Sports Medicine, vol. 30, pp. 611–627, 2011, ISSN: 0278-5919.
@article{Esfandiari2011,
title = {Psychiatric and neuropsychological issues in sports medicine},
author = {Esfandiari, A and Broshek, D K and Freeman, J R},
doi = {10.1016/j.csm.2011.03.002},
issn = {0278-5919},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Clinics in Sports Medicine},
volume = {30},
pages = {611--627},
abstract = {This article reviews psychiatric/psychological issues in the athletic training room, including recognition of these issues and a framework for management. Because the majority of research has been conducted in college settings, most of the issues discussed are presented in the context of college sports, although the results generalize to other athletic arenas. Greater awareness of psychological issues, empirical research, and education about mental health issues in the sports medicine community are clearly needed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Roberts, William O
Ice hockey concussion rates: a case for playing by the rules Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 10, pp. 1, 2011.
@article{Roberts2011,
title = {Ice hockey concussion rates: a case for playing by the rules},
author = {Roberts, William O},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {10},
pages = {1},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Carré, Justin M; Putnam, Susan K
Watching a previous victory produces an increase in testosterone among elite hockey players Journal Article
In: Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol. 35, pp. 475–479, 2010.
@article{Carre2010,
title = {Watching a previous victory produces an increase in testosterone among elite hockey players},
author = {Carr\'{e}, Justin M and Putnam, Susan K},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
volume = {35},
pages = {475--479},
address = {Department of Psychology, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada. justin.carre@brocku.ca},
abstract = {Previous research indicates that testosterone concentrations are highly responsive to human competitive interactions and that winners have elevated testosterone concentrations relative to losers. Also, there is some evidence that simply observing others compete can have a similar effect on the endocrine system. Here, in two studies, we examined the extent to which elite male hockey players would demonstrate an increase in testosterone concentrations after watching themselves engaged in a previous successful competitive interaction. Results indicated that watching a previous victory produced a significant increase in testosterone concentrations (42-44% increase), whereas watching a previous defeat or a neutral video did not produce a significant change in testosterone (17% and 6%, respectively). Given that natural fluctuations in testosterone have been shown to influence future competitive and aggressive behaviours, the current studies may have important practical implications for individuals involved in competitive sports.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andrew, Damon P S; Koo, Gi Yong; Hardin, Rob; Greenwell, T Christopher
Analysing motives of minor league hockey fans: the introduction of violence as a spectator motive Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, vol. 5, pp. 73–89, 2009.
@article{Andrew2009,
title = {Analysing motives of minor league hockey fans: the introduction of violence as a spectator motive},
author = {Andrew, Damon P S and Koo, Gi Yong and Hardin, Rob and Greenwell, T Christopher},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing},
volume = {5},
pages = {73--89},
abstract = {For minor-league hockey to attract new customers, it is important to explore attendance motivation. Given the controversy over the role of violence in attracting spectators, this study included violence among other traditional motives in addressing why spectators are attracted to attend minor league hockey. Specifically, spectators' motives were explored on the basis of gender and ticket type as well as their relationship to behavioural intentions to attend games. Spectators (n = 270) at a Southern Professional Hockey League game completed a questionnaire that assessed demographics, spectator motives and behavioural intentions. The results indicated (a) the spectator motive of violence appears relevant in the context of the sport of ice hockey, (b) spectator motives for the sport of minor league hockey varied on the basis of gender and ticket type and (c) the relationship of spectator motives to behavioural intentions to attend future games were somewhat varied on the basis of gender and ticket type.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maxwell, J P; Visek, A J
Unsanctioned aggression in rugby union: relationships among aggressiveness, anger, athletic identity, and professionalization Journal Article
In: Aggressive Behavior, vol. 35, pp. 237–243, 2009.
@article{Maxwell2009a,
title = {Unsanctioned aggression in rugby union: relationships among aggressiveness, anger, athletic identity, and professionalization},
author = {Maxwell, J P and Visek, A J},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Aggressive Behavior},
volume = {35},
pages = {237--243},
address = {Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.},
abstract = {Aggressive players who intentionally cause injury to their opponents are common in many sports, particularly collision sports such as Rugby Union. Although some acts of aggression fall within the rules (sanctioned), others do not (unsanctioned), with the latter tending to be less acceptable than the former. This study attempts to identify characteristics of players who are more likely to employ unsanctioned methods in order to injure an opponent. Male Rugby Union players completed questionnaires assessing aggressiveness, anger, past aggression, professionalization, and athletic identity. Players were assigned to one of two groups based on self-reported past unsanctioned aggression. Results indicated that demographic variables (e.g., age, playing position, or level of play) were not predictive of group membership. Measures of aggressiveness and professionalization were significant predictors; high scores on both indicated a greater probability of reporting the use of unsanctioned aggressive force for the sole purpose of causing injury or pain. In addition, players who had been taught how to execute aggressive illegal plays without detection were also more likely to report using excessive force to injure an opponent. Results provide further support that highly professionalized players may be more likely to use methods outside the constitutive rules of Rugby Union in order to intentionally injure their opponents. Results are discussed within the context of the increasing win-at-all-cost attitude that is becoming more prevalent in sport and its implications for youth athletes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hutchison, Michael; Mainwaring, Lynda M; Comper, Paul; Richards, Doug W; Bisschop, Sean M
Differential emotional responses of varsity athletes to concussion and musculoskeletal injuries Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 19, pp. 13–19, 2009.
@article{Hutchison2009,
title = {Differential emotional responses of varsity athletes to concussion and musculoskeletal injuries},
author = {Hutchison, Michael and Mainwaring, Lynda M and Comper, Paul and Richards, Doug W and Bisschop, Sean M},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {19},
pages = {13--19},
address = {Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. michael.hutchison@utoronto.ca},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine if athletes with concussion and those with minor musculoskeletal injuries experienced differential emotional response to injury. DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-four injured athletes from Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS) and 19 healthy, physically active undergraduate students participated in the study. INTERVENTION: All participants completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS; short version) on 3 nonconsecutive days during a 2-week period after a baseline test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Emotional responses were assessed using the POMS. The 7 main outcome measures assessed by POMS were tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion, and total mood disturbance. RESULTS: After injury, concussion produced an emotional profile characterized by significantly elevated fatigue and decreased vigor. In contrast, athletes with musculoskeletal injuries displayed a significant increase in anger that resolved to a pre-injury level within 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed that both injured groups experienced emotional disturbance after injury. More importantly, the findings strongly suggest that the emotional reaction after concussion is different from that of musculoskeletal injury. Therefore, we concluded that assessing emotional reactions to concussion is particularly important and recommend that sports medicine professionals assess and monitor emotional functioning as well as somatic complaints and neurocognitive changes during recovery.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Traclet, Alan; Rascle, Olivier; Souchon, Nicolas; Coulomb-Cabagno, Genevieve; Dosseville, Fabrice
Aggressor and victim perspective-related differences in perceived legitimacy of aggression in soccer Journal Article
In: Perceptual & Motor Skills, vol. 106, pp. 234–240, 2008.
@article{Traclet2008,
title = {Aggressor and victim perspective-related differences in perceived legitimacy of aggression in soccer},
author = {Traclet, Alan and Rascle, Olivier and Souchon, Nicolas and Coulomb-Cabagno, Genevieve and Dosseville, Fabrice},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Perceptual \& Motor Skills},
volume = {106},
pages = {234--240},
address = {UFRSTAPS, Universite de Caen Basse Normandie, France. alan.traclet@unicaen.fr},
abstract = {The purpose of this role-playing study was to explore the perceived legitimacy of aggression in soccer as a function of perspective-related differences (aggressor vs victim) and type of aggression (instrumental vs hostile). 120 soccer players watched videotaped aggressive interactions in soccer and took the perspective of the actors (aggressor then victim or the reverse). Then they rated the legitimacy of each aggressive behavior depending on its ultimate goal (instrumental then hostile or the reverse). When participants adopted the aggressor perspective, they perceived instrumental aggression as more legitimate than hostile aggression. In contrast, when participants took the perspective of the victim, no significant difference was found regardless of the type of aggression. The discussion focussed on implications and consequences of such divergences in aggressive sport situations.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maxwell, J P; Moores, E
The development of a short scale measuring aggressiveness and anger in competitive athletes Journal Article
In: Psychology of Sport & Exercise, vol. 8, pp. 179–193, 2007, ISSN: 1469-0292.
@article{Maxwell2007a,
title = {The development of a short scale measuring aggressiveness and anger in competitive athletes},
author = {Maxwell, J P and Moores, E},
issn = {1469-0292},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Psychology of Sport \& Exercise},
volume = {8},
pages = {179--193},
abstract = {Objectives The study of aggression and anger in competitive sport relies on accurate and economical measurement via observation, interview and questionnaire. Unfortunately, extant questionnaires have been criticised for having poor validity, are not sport specific, or reflect mood states rather than trait qualities. Therefore, a measure of trait anger and aggressiveness in competitive athletes was developed.Method A list of statements representing aggressiveness and anger was generated and distributed to competitive athletes from diverse sports. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses were used to verify the theoretically predicted factor structure. Correlations with an extant measure of aggression and anger were used to ascertain concurrent validity. Discriminant validity was tested by comparing males with females, and aggressive with non-aggressive footballers.Results A 12-item scale (Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale, CAAS) consisting of two subscales was derived using principal component factor analysis with oblimin rotation. Confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modelling confirmed the overall structure. Test-retest correlation, construct and discriminant validities were good, supporting the utility of the scale as a measure of athlete trait aggressiveness and anger.Conclusions The CAAS appears to be a useful measure of athletic anger and aggressiveness. Its brevity and ability to discriminate aggressive from non-aggressive athletes should prove useful for future research concerning aggressive behaviour in competitive athletes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hutchison, M; Mainwaring, L; Richards, D; Comper, P
Emotional response of injured varsity athletes: Examination of concussion and musculoskeletal injuries Journal Article
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 22, pp. 810–811, 2007, ISSN: 0887-6177.
@article{Hutchison2007,
title = {Emotional response of injured varsity athletes: Examination of concussion and musculoskeletal injuries},
author = {Hutchison, M and Mainwaring, L and Richards, D and Comper, P},
issn = {0887-6177},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {22},
pages = {810--811},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Schwebel, David C; Banaszek, Mark M; McDaniel, McCall
Brief report: Behavioral risk factors for youth soccer (football) injury Journal Article
In: Journal of Pediatric Psychology, vol. 32, pp. 411–416, 2007.
@article{Schwebel2007,
title = {Brief report: Behavioral risk factors for youth soccer (football) injury},
author = {Schwebel, David C and Banaszek, Mark M and McDaniel, McCall},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Pediatric Psychology},
volume = {32},
pages = {411--416},
address = {Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, CH 415, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. schwebel@uab.edu},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: By most reports, soccer (football) is among the most played and most popular sports in the world. This study prospectively examined behavioral risk factors for youth soccer injury. METHOD: Sixty 11- and 12-year-old boys who played on six teams in a suburban recreational soccer league were followed over the course of a season. Six predictors were assessed prior to the start of the season via self-report measures from coaches, parents, and the players themselves: inhibition, aggression, risk-taking, skill, experience playing soccer, and physical size. All games were videotaped, and tapes were reviewed to record players' collisions with other players, fouls, falls during the course of play, and injuries. RESULTS: Greater skill and less experience playing soccer best predicted injury risk. Inhibition, aggression, and risk-taking did not emerge as predictors. CONCLUSION: Results are discussed with respect to previous research in youth sport and general pediatric injury risk.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Smith, A M; Stuart, M J; Dodick, D W; Roberts, W O; Alford, P W; Ashare, A B; Aubrey, M; Benson, B W; Burke, C J; Dick, R; Eickhoff, C; Emery, C A; Flashman, L A; Gaz, D; Giza, C C; Greenwald, R M; Herring, S; Hoshizaki, T B; Hudziak, J J; Huston 3rd, J; Krause, D; LaVoi, N; Leaf, M; Leddy, J J; MacPherson, A; McKee, A C; Mihalik, J P; Moessner, A M; Montelpare, W J; Putukian, M; Schneider, K J; Szalkowski, R; Tabrum, M; Whitehead, J; Wiese-Bjornstal, D M
Ice Hockey Summit II: zero tolerance for head hits and fighting Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 25, pp. 78–87, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Sport Psychology
@article{Smith2015,
title = {Ice Hockey Summit II: zero tolerance for head hits and fighting},
author = {Smith, A M and Stuart, M J and Dodick, D W and Roberts, W O and Alford, P W and Ashare, A B and Aubrey, M and Benson, B W and Burke, C J and Dick, R and Eickhoff, C and Emery, C A and Flashman, L A and Gaz, D and Giza, C C and Greenwald, R M and Herring, S and Hoshizaki, T B and Hudziak, J J and {Huston 3rd}, J and Krause, D and LaVoi, N and Leaf, M and Leddy, J J and MacPherson, A and McKee, A C and Mihalik, J P and Moessner, A M and Montelpare, W J and Putukian, M and Schneider, K J and Szalkowski, R and Tabrum, M and Whitehead, J and Wiese-Bjornstal, D M},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {25},
pages = {78--87},
address = {Smith,Aynsley M. Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To present currently known basic science and on-ice influences of sport-related concussion (SRC) in hockey, building on the Ice Hockey Summit I action plan (2011) to reduce SRC. METHODS: The prior summit proceedings included an action plan intended to reduce SRC. As such, the proceedings from Summit I served as a point of departure, for the science and discussion held during Summit II (Mayo Clinic, Rochester MN, October 2013). Summit II focused on (1) Basic Science of Concussions in Ice Hockey: Taking Science Forward; (2) Acute and Chronic Concussion Care: Making a Difference; (3) Preventing Concussions via Behavior, Rules, Education and Measuring Effectiveness; (4) Updates in Equipment: their Relationship to Industry Standards; and (5) Policies and Plans at State, National and Federal Levels to reduce SRC. Action strategies derived from the presentations and discussion described in these sectors were subsequently voted on for purposes of prioritization. The following proceedings include knowledge and research shared by invited faculty, many of whom are health care providers and clinical investigators. RESULTS: The Summit II evidence-based action plan emphasizes the rapidly evolving scientific content of hockey SRC. It includes the most highly prioritized strategies voted on for implementation to decrease concussion. CONCLUSIONS: The highest priority action items identified from the Summit includes the following: (1) eliminate head hits from all levels of ice hockey, (2) change body-checking policies, and (3) eliminate fighting in all amateur and professional hockey.},
keywords = {Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hill, B D; Womble, M N; Rohling, M L
Logistic regression function for detection of suspicious performance during baseline evaluations using concussion vital signs Journal Article
In: Applied Neuropsychology. Adult, vol. 22, pp. 233–240, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Sport Psychology
@article{Hill2015,
title = {Logistic regression function for detection of suspicious performance during baseline evaluations using concussion vital signs},
author = {Hill, B D and Womble, M N and Rohling, M L},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Applied Neuropsychology. Adult},
volume = {22},
pages = {233--240},
address = {Hill,Benjamin David. a Psychology Department , University of South Alabama , Mobile , Alabama.},
abstract = {This study utilized logistic regression to determine whether performance patterns on Concussion Vital Signs (CVS) could differentiate known groups with either genuine or feigned performance. For the embedded measure development group (n = 174), clinical patients and undergraduate students categorized as feigning obtained significantly lower scores on the overall test battery mean for the CVS, Shipley-2 composite score, and California Verbal Learning Test-Second Edition subtests than did genuinely performing individuals. The final full model of 3 predictor variables (Verbal Memory immediate hits, Verbal Memory immediate correct passes, and Stroop Test complex reaction time correct) was significant and correctly classified individuals in their known group 83% of the time (sensitivity = .65; specificity = .97) in a mixed sample of young-adult clinical cases and simulators. The CVS logistic regression function was applied to a separate undergraduate college group (n = 378) that was asked to perform genuinely and identified 5% as having possibly feigned performance indicating a low false-positive rate. The failure rate was 11% and 16% at baseline cognitive testing in samples of high school and college athletes, respectively. These findings have particular relevance given the increasing use of computerized test batteries for baseline cognitive testing and return-to-play decisions after concussion.},
keywords = {Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kroshus, E; Garnett, B; Hawrilenko, M; Baugh, C M; Calzo, J P
Concussion under-reporting and pressure from coaches, teammates, fans, and parents Journal Article
In: Social Science & Medicine, vol. 134, pp. 66–75, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Sport Psychology
@article{Kroshus2015ab,
title = {Concussion under-reporting and pressure from coaches, teammates, fans, and parents},
author = {Kroshus, E and Garnett, B and Hawrilenko, M and Baugh, C M and Calzo, J P},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Social Science \& Medicine},
volume = {134},
pages = {66--75},
address = {Kroshus,Emily. Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Science, USA; National Collegiate Athletic Association, Sport Science Institute, USA; Harvard University, Edmond J. Safra Center for Ethics, USA. Electronic address: emk32},
abstract = {Concussions from sport present a substantial public health burden given the number of youth, adolescent and emerging adult athletes that participate in contact or collision sports. Athletes who fail to report symptoms of a suspected concussion and continue play are at risk of worsened symptomatology and potentially catastrophic neurologic consequences if another impact is sustained during this vulnerable period. Understanding why athletes do or do not report their symptoms is critical for developing efficacious strategies for risk reduction. Psychosocial theories and frameworks that explicitly incorporate context, as a source of expectations about the outcomes of reporting and as a source of behavioral reinforcement, are useful in framing this problem. The present study quantifies the pressure that athletes experience to continue playing after a head impact--from coaches, teammates, parents, and fans--and assesses how this pressure, both independently and as a system, is related to future concussion reporting intention. Participants in the study were 328 male and female athletes from 19 teams competing in one of seven sports (soccer, lacrosse, basketball, softball, baseball, volleyball, field hockey) at four colleges in the northeast region of the United States. Results found that more than one-quarter of the sample had experienced pressure from at least one source to continue playing after a head impact during the previous year. Results of a latent profile mixture model indicated that athletes who experienced pressure from all four of the measured sources were significantly more likely to intend to continue playing in the future than were athletes who had not experienced pressure from all sources, or only pressure from coaches and teammates. These findings underscore the importance of designing interventions that address the system in which athletes make decisions about concussion reporting, including athletes' parents, rather than focusing solely on modifying the individual's reporting cognitions.},
keywords = {Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Meyer, J E; Arnett, P A
Validation of the Affective Word List as a measure of verbal learning and memory Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 37, pp. 316–324, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Sport Psychology
@article{Meyer2015a,
title = {Validation of the Affective Word List as a measure of verbal learning and memory},
author = {Meyer, J E and Arnett, P A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical \& Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {37},
pages = {316--324},
address = {Meyer,Jessica E. a Department of Psychology , The Pennsylvania State University, University Park , PA , USA.},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated the Affective Word List (AWL), a measure designed to assess affective bias, as a measure of verbal learning and memory in the context of baseline concussion evaluations. The AWL was developed to assess affective bias in order to circumvent the tendency of some examinees to minimize self-report of depression symptoms. However, because it is designed as a traditional list-learning task, the cognitive indices of the AWL have the added potential to be used as measures of verbal learning and memory. It would be useful to have a performance-based measure that is sensitive to both the affective and cognitive consequences of concussion. METHOD: Participants from a university-based sports concussion program were used to evaluate the descriptive statistics and distribution of the AWL and its convergent and discriminant validity. A separate sample of undergraduate students, active in intramural or club athletics, served as participants for a delayed alternate-form reliability study. All reliability and validity results were compared with those of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) and the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing Verbal Memory Composite (ImPACT-VM). RESULTS: Results of this study showed that the cognitive indices of the AWL have normal distributions, and its four forms are equivalent. The AWL demonstrated moderate delayed alternate-form reliability, moderate convergent validity with other measures of verbal learning and memory, and strong discriminant validity with measures of processing speed and reaction time. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study suggest that the AWL may have clinical utility as a measure of verbal learning and memory in concussion management and research.},
keywords = {Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Merritt, V C; Rabinowitz, A R; Arnett, P A
Injury-related predictors of symptom severity following sports-related concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical & Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 37, pp. 265–275, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Sport Psychology
@article{Merritt2015,
title = {Injury-related predictors of symptom severity following sports-related concussion},
author = {Merritt, V C and Rabinowitz, A R and Arnett, P A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical \& Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {37},
pages = {265--275},
address = {Merritt,Victoria C. a Department of Psychology , Pennsylvania State University, University Park , PA , USA.},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Decisions regarding return to play after sports-related concussion partially revolve around athletes' self-reported symptoms. Given this emphasis on symptoms, it would be beneficial to be able to identify characteristics that could predict which athletes may be susceptible to developing an increase in postconcussion symptoms following head injury. The purpose of this study was to describe the symptoms that athletes endorse immediately following concussion and to determine what impact injury-related characteristics have on the development of postconcussion symptoms within the first week following concussion. METHOD: Participants included 54 collegiate athletes who sustained concussions and were referred to our concussion management program for postconcussion testing. The main outcome measures included the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale and an interview querying athletes' retrospective symptoms over time, starting immediately postinjury. RESULTS: Descriptive statistics revealed that the most common immediate symptoms following concussion include dizziness (endorsed by 83.6% of the sample), headache (65.5%), feeling in a fog (61.8%), and visual disturbance (60.0%). Logistic regression analyses indicated that retrograde and anterograde amnesia, as well as loss of consciousness, were not significantly predictive of postconcussion symptoms within one week following concussion (p \> .05). However, the total symptom score assessed immediately postinjury, in addition to endorsing immediate headache symptoms following concussion, reliably predicted a higher level of symptom reporting in the first week following concussion (p \< .05). Finally, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, using 80% sensitivity to predict the high postconcussion symptom group, established cutoff scores of 7.5 for the immediate total symptom score and 0.5 for immediate headache. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate the importance of evaluating symptoms immediately following concussion. Athletes who endorse more immediate postconcussion symptoms, especially headache symptoms, may be at risk for greater and more severe postconcussion symptoms within the first week following concussion. The present findings have implications for the management and treatment of sports-related concussions.},
keywords = {Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ozen, L J; Fernandes, M A; Clark, A J; Roy, E A
Evidence of cognitive decline in older adults after remote traumatic brain injury: an exploratory study Journal Article
In: Aging Neuropsychology & Cognition, vol. 22, pp. 517–533, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Sport Psychology
@article{Ozen2015,
title = {Evidence of cognitive decline in older adults after remote traumatic brain injury: an exploratory study},
author = {Ozen, L J and Fernandes, M A and Clark, A J and Roy, E A},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Aging Neuropsychology \& Cognition},
volume = {22},
pages = {517--533},
address = {Ozen,Lana J. a Department of Psychology , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , Ontario , Canada.},
abstract = {Separate bodies of literature indicate that a history of a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and natural aging may result in overlapping cognitive profiles, yet little is known about their combined effect. We predicted that a remote TBI would compound normal age-related cognitive decline, particularly affecting executive function. Neuropsychological task performance was compared between a group of older adults who sustained a TBI in their distant past (N = 9) and a group of older adults with no history of head injury (N = 15). While all participants scored in the normal range on the Mini-Mental State Examination, the TBI group scored lower than the non-TBI group. Also, in line with predictions, the TBI group made more errors on measures of executive functioning compared to the non-TBI group (the Trail Making B test and the incongruent condition of the Stroop Test), but performed similarly on all tasks with little executive requirements. Findings from this exploratory study indicate that a past TBI may put older adults at a higher risk for exacerbated age-related cognitive decline compared to older adults with no history of TBI.},
keywords = {Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Snell, D L; Surgenor, L J; Hay-Smith, E J; Williman, J; Siegert, R J
The contribution of psychological factors to recovery after mild traumatic brain injury: is cluster analysis a useful approach? Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, pp. 291–299, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Sport Psychology
@article{Snell2015,
title = {The contribution of psychological factors to recovery after mild traumatic brain injury: is cluster analysis a useful approach?},
author = {Snell, D L and Surgenor, L J and Hay-Smith, E J and Williman, J and Siegert, R J},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
pages = {291--299},
address = {Snell,Deborah L. Concussion Clinic, Burwood Hospital , Christchurch , New Zealand .},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Outcomes after mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) vary, with slow or incomplete recovery for a significant minority. This study examines whether groups of cases with shared psychological factors but with different injury outcomes could be identified using cluster analysis. METHOD: This is a prospective observational study following 147 adults presenting to a hospital-based emergency department or concussion services in Christchurch, New Zealand. This study examined associations between baseline demographic, clinical, psychological variables (distress, injury beliefs and symptom burden) and outcome 6 months later. A two-step approach to cluster analysis was applied (Ward's method to identify clusters, K-means to refine results). RESULTS: Three meaningful clusters emerged (high-adapters, medium-adapters, low-adapters). Baseline cluster-group membership was significantly associated with outcomes over time. High-adapters appeared recovered by 6-weeks and medium-adapters revealed improvements by 6-months. The low-adapters continued to endorse many symptoms, negative recovery expectations and distress, being significantly at risk for poor outcome more than 6-months after injury (OR (good outcome)=0.12; CI=0.03-0.53; p\<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Cluster analysis supported the notion that groups could be identified early post-injury based on psychological factors, with group membership associated with differing outcomes over time. Implications for clinical care providers regarding therapy targets and cases that may benefit from different intensities of intervention are discussed.},
keywords = {Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cusimano, M D; Nastis, S; Zuccaro, L
Effectiveness of interventions to reduce aggression and injuries among ice hockey players: a systematic review Journal Article
In: CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 185, pp. E57–69, 2013.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Education Legal & Pol, Sport Psychology
@article{Cusimano2013,
title = {Effectiveness of interventions to reduce aggression and injuries among ice hockey players: a systematic review},
author = {Cusimano, M D and Nastis, S and Zuccaro, L},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal},
volume = {185},
pages = {E57--69},
address = {Division of Neurosurgery, and the Injury Prevention Research Office, Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada. injuryprevention@smh.ca},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The increasing incidence of injuries related to playing ice hockey is an important public health issue. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions designed to reduce injuries related to aggressive acts in ice hockey. METHODS: We identified relevant articles by searching electronic databases from their inception through July 2012, by using Internet search engines, and by manually searching sports medicine journals, the book series Safety in Ice Hockey and reference lists of included articles. We included studies that evaluated interventions to reduce aggression-related injuries and reported ratings of aggressive behaviour or rates of penalties or injuries. RESULTS: We identified 18 eligible studies. Most involved players in minor hockey leagues. Of 13 studies that evaluated changes in mandatory rules intended to lessen aggression (most commonly the restriction of body-checking), 11 observed a reduction in penalty or injury rates associated with rule changes, and 9 of these showed a statistically significant decrease. The mean number of penalties decreased by 1.2-5.9 per game, and injury rates decreased 3- to 12-fold. All 3 studies of educational interventions showed a reduction in penalty rates, but they were not powered or designed to show a change in injury rates. In 2 studies of cognitive behavioural interventions, reductions in aggressive behaviours were observed. INTERPRETATION: Changes to mandatory rules were associated with reductions in penalties for aggressive acts and in injuries related to aggression among ice hockey players. Effects of educational and cognitive behavioural interventions on injury rates are less clear. Well-designed studies of multifaceted strategies that combine such approaches are required.},
keywords = {Aggression Education Legal \& Pol, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Var, F A; Rajeswaran, J
Perception of illness in patients with traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, vol. 34, pp. 223–226, 2012.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Sport Psychology
@article{Var2012,
title = {Perception of illness in patients with traumatic brain injury},
author = {Var, F A and Rajeswaran, J},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine},
volume = {34},
pages = {223--226},
address = {Var,Firdous Ahmad. Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Perception of illness plays an important role in recovery process. It affects our coping behaviors, adherence to treatment and preventive measures taken for healthy recovery. AIMS: The aim of the study is to examine perception of illness in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross sectional study design done on sample of 31 patients with mild to moderate TBI. Depression anxiety stress scales-21 (DASS-21), Brief illness perception questionnaire (IPQ) and Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire (RPQ) was used. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Descriptive and correlational statistics was used. RESULTS: The results indicated that overall higher percentage falls within low and medium range of IPQ. However higher percentage falls within higher range, on coherence and emotional response subscales of IPQ. Consequence, timeline, personal control, treatment control, concern, emotional control, and total of the subscales of IPQ were positively correlated with RPQ3 and RPQ13 at 0.01 and 0.05 level of significance. A significant correlation was found between demographic variables and subscales of IPQ at 0.01 and 0.05 level of significance. CONCLUSION: The study shows one to one relationship between symptoms experienced by patients, how they perceive their illness and socio demographic variables.},
keywords = {Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kale, Rajendra
Stop the violence and play hockey Journal Article
In: CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 184, pp. 275, 2012.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Kale2012,
title = {Stop the violence and play hockey},
author = {Kale, Rajendra},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal},
volume = {184},
pages = {275},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Esfandiari, A; Broshek, D K; Freeman, J R
Psychiatric and neuropsychological issues in sports medicine Journal Article
In: Clinics in Sports Medicine, vol. 30, pp. 611–627, 2011, ISSN: 0278-5919.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Education, Sport Psychology
@article{Esfandiari2011,
title = {Psychiatric and neuropsychological issues in sports medicine},
author = {Esfandiari, A and Broshek, D K and Freeman, J R},
doi = {10.1016/j.csm.2011.03.002},
issn = {0278-5919},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Clinics in Sports Medicine},
volume = {30},
pages = {611--627},
abstract = {This article reviews psychiatric/psychological issues in the athletic training room, including recognition of these issues and a framework for management. Because the majority of research has been conducted in college settings, most of the issues discussed are presented in the context of college sports, although the results generalize to other athletic arenas. Greater awareness of psychological issues, empirical research, and education about mental health issues in the sports medicine community are clearly needed.},
keywords = {Aggression Education, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Roberts, William O
Ice hockey concussion rates: a case for playing by the rules Journal Article
In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 10, pp. 1, 2011.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Roberts2011,
title = {Ice hockey concussion rates: a case for playing by the rules},
author = {Roberts, William O},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Current Sports Medicine Reports},
volume = {10},
pages = {1},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Carré, Justin M; Putnam, Susan K
Watching a previous victory produces an increase in testosterone among elite hockey players Journal Article
In: Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol. 35, pp. 475–479, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Carre2010,
title = {Watching a previous victory produces an increase in testosterone among elite hockey players},
author = {Carr\'{e}, Justin M and Putnam, Susan K},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Psychoneuroendocrinology},
volume = {35},
pages = {475--479},
address = {Department of Psychology, Brock University, St Catharines, Ontario, Canada. justin.carre@brocku.ca},
abstract = {Previous research indicates that testosterone concentrations are highly responsive to human competitive interactions and that winners have elevated testosterone concentrations relative to losers. Also, there is some evidence that simply observing others compete can have a similar effect on the endocrine system. Here, in two studies, we examined the extent to which elite male hockey players would demonstrate an increase in testosterone concentrations after watching themselves engaged in a previous successful competitive interaction. Results indicated that watching a previous victory produced a significant increase in testosterone concentrations (42-44% increase), whereas watching a previous defeat or a neutral video did not produce a significant change in testosterone (17% and 6%, respectively). Given that natural fluctuations in testosterone have been shown to influence future competitive and aggressive behaviours, the current studies may have important practical implications for individuals involved in competitive sports.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maxwell, J P; Visek, A J
Unsanctioned aggression in rugby union: relationships among aggressiveness, anger, athletic identity, and professionalization Journal Article
In: Aggressive Behavior, vol. 35, pp. 237–243, 2009.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Rugby, Sport Psychology
@article{Maxwell2009a,
title = {Unsanctioned aggression in rugby union: relationships among aggressiveness, anger, athletic identity, and professionalization},
author = {Maxwell, J P and Visek, A J},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Aggressive Behavior},
volume = {35},
pages = {237--243},
address = {Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.},
abstract = {Aggressive players who intentionally cause injury to their opponents are common in many sports, particularly collision sports such as Rugby Union. Although some acts of aggression fall within the rules (sanctioned), others do not (unsanctioned), with the latter tending to be less acceptable than the former. This study attempts to identify characteristics of players who are more likely to employ unsanctioned methods in order to injure an opponent. Male Rugby Union players completed questionnaires assessing aggressiveness, anger, past aggression, professionalization, and athletic identity. Players were assigned to one of two groups based on self-reported past unsanctioned aggression. Results indicated that demographic variables (e.g., age, playing position, or level of play) were not predictive of group membership. Measures of aggressiveness and professionalization were significant predictors; high scores on both indicated a greater probability of reporting the use of unsanctioned aggressive force for the sole purpose of causing injury or pain. In addition, players who had been taught how to execute aggressive illegal plays without detection were also more likely to report using excessive force to injure an opponent. Results provide further support that highly professionalized players may be more likely to use methods outside the constitutive rules of Rugby Union in order to intentionally injure their opponents. Results are discussed within the context of the increasing win-at-all-cost attitude that is becoming more prevalent in sport and its implications for youth athletes.},
keywords = {Aggression Rugby, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andrew, Damon P S; Koo, Gi Yong; Hardin, Rob; Greenwell, T Christopher
Analysing motives of minor league hockey fans: the introduction of violence as a spectator motive Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing, vol. 5, pp. 73–89, 2009.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Andrew2009,
title = {Analysing motives of minor league hockey fans: the introduction of violence as a spectator motive},
author = {Andrew, Damon P S and Koo, Gi Yong and Hardin, Rob and Greenwell, T Christopher},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sport Management and Marketing},
volume = {5},
pages = {73--89},
abstract = {For minor-league hockey to attract new customers, it is important to explore attendance motivation. Given the controversy over the role of violence in attracting spectators, this study included violence among other traditional motives in addressing why spectators are attracted to attend minor league hockey. Specifically, spectators' motives were explored on the basis of gender and ticket type as well as their relationship to behavioural intentions to attend games. Spectators (n = 270) at a Southern Professional Hockey League game completed a questionnaire that assessed demographics, spectator motives and behavioural intentions. The results indicated (a) the spectator motive of violence appears relevant in the context of the sport of ice hockey, (b) spectator motives for the sport of minor league hockey varied on the basis of gender and ticket type and (c) the relationship of spectator motives to behavioural intentions to attend future games were somewhat varied on the basis of gender and ticket type.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hutchison, Michael; Mainwaring, Lynda M; Comper, Paul; Richards, Doug W; Bisschop, Sean M
Differential emotional responses of varsity athletes to concussion and musculoskeletal injuries Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 19, pp. 13–19, 2009.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Education, Sport Psychology
@article{Hutchison2009,
title = {Differential emotional responses of varsity athletes to concussion and musculoskeletal injuries},
author = {Hutchison, Michael and Mainwaring, Lynda M and Comper, Paul and Richards, Doug W and Bisschop, Sean M},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {19},
pages = {13--19},
address = {Faculty of Physical Education and Health, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. michael.hutchison@utoronto.ca},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine if athletes with concussion and those with minor musculoskeletal injuries experienced differential emotional response to injury. DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING: University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-four injured athletes from Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS) and 19 healthy, physically active undergraduate students participated in the study. INTERVENTION: All participants completed the Profile of Mood States (POMS; short version) on 3 nonconsecutive days during a 2-week period after a baseline test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Emotional responses were assessed using the POMS. The 7 main outcome measures assessed by POMS were tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion, and total mood disturbance. RESULTS: After injury, concussion produced an emotional profile characterized by significantly elevated fatigue and decreased vigor. In contrast, athletes with musculoskeletal injuries displayed a significant increase in anger that resolved to a pre-injury level within 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: The results revealed that both injured groups experienced emotional disturbance after injury. More importantly, the findings strongly suggest that the emotional reaction after concussion is different from that of musculoskeletal injury. Therefore, we concluded that assessing emotional reactions to concussion is particularly important and recommend that sports medicine professionals assess and monitor emotional functioning as well as somatic complaints and neurocognitive changes during recovery.},
keywords = {Aggression Education, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Traclet, Alan; Rascle, Olivier; Souchon, Nicolas; Coulomb-Cabagno, Genevieve; Dosseville, Fabrice
Aggressor and victim perspective-related differences in perceived legitimacy of aggression in soccer Journal Article
In: Perceptual & Motor Skills, vol. 106, pp. 234–240, 2008.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology
@article{Traclet2008,
title = {Aggressor and victim perspective-related differences in perceived legitimacy of aggression in soccer},
author = {Traclet, Alan and Rascle, Olivier and Souchon, Nicolas and Coulomb-Cabagno, Genevieve and Dosseville, Fabrice},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {Perceptual \& Motor Skills},
volume = {106},
pages = {234--240},
address = {UFRSTAPS, Universite de Caen Basse Normandie, France. alan.traclet@unicaen.fr},
abstract = {The purpose of this role-playing study was to explore the perceived legitimacy of aggression in soccer as a function of perspective-related differences (aggressor vs victim) and type of aggression (instrumental vs hostile). 120 soccer players watched videotaped aggressive interactions in soccer and took the perspective of the actors (aggressor then victim or the reverse). Then they rated the legitimacy of each aggressive behavior depending on its ultimate goal (instrumental then hostile or the reverse). When participants adopted the aggressor perspective, they perceived instrumental aggression as more legitimate than hostile aggression. In contrast, when participants took the perspective of the victim, no significant difference was found regardless of the type of aggression. The discussion focussed on implications and consequences of such divergences in aggressive sport situations.},
keywords = {Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Meeuwisse, Willem H; Tyreman, Hugh; Hagel, Brent; Emery, Carolyn
A dynamic model of etiology in sport injury: the recursive nature of risk and causation Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 17, pp. 215–219, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Meeuwisse2007,
title = {A dynamic model of etiology in sport injury: the recursive nature of risk and causation},
author = {Meeuwisse, Willem H and Tyreman, Hugh and Hagel, Brent and Emery, Carolyn},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {17},
pages = {215--219},
address = {Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Calgary, Canada. w.meeuwisse@ucalgary.ca},
abstract = {The purpose of this manuscript is to outline a new model representing a dynamic approach that incorporates the consequences of repeated participation in sport, both with and without injury. This model builds on the previous work, while emphasizing the fact that adaptations occur within the context of sport (both in the presence and absence of injury) that alter risk and affect etiology in a dynamic, recursive fashion. Regardless of the type of injury, it is often preceded by a chain of shifting circumstances that, when they come together, constitute sufficient cause to result in an injury. If we are to truly understand the etiology of injury and target appropriate prevention strategies, we must look beyond the initial set of risk factors that are thought to precede an injury and take into consideration how those risk factors may have changed through preceding cycles of participation, whether associated with prior injury or not. This model considers the implications of repeated exposure, whether such exposure produces adaptation, maladaptation, injury or complete/incomplete recovery from injury. When feasible, future studies on sport injury prevention should adopt a methodology and analysis strategy that takes the cyclic nature of changing risk factors into account to create a dynamic, recursive picture of etiology.},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maxwell, J P; Moores, E
The development of a short scale measuring aggressiveness and anger in competitive athletes Journal Article
In: Psychology of Sport & Exercise, vol. 8, pp. 179–193, 2007, ISSN: 1469-0292.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Maxwell2007a,
title = {The development of a short scale measuring aggressiveness and anger in competitive athletes},
author = {Maxwell, J P and Moores, E},
issn = {1469-0292},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Psychology of Sport \& Exercise},
volume = {8},
pages = {179--193},
abstract = {Objectives The study of aggression and anger in competitive sport relies on accurate and economical measurement via observation, interview and questionnaire. Unfortunately, extant questionnaires have been criticised for having poor validity, are not sport specific, or reflect mood states rather than trait qualities. Therefore, a measure of trait anger and aggressiveness in competitive athletes was developed.Method A list of statements representing aggressiveness and anger was generated and distributed to competitive athletes from diverse sports. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses were used to verify the theoretically predicted factor structure. Correlations with an extant measure of aggression and anger were used to ascertain concurrent validity. Discriminant validity was tested by comparing males with females, and aggressive with non-aggressive footballers.Results A 12-item scale (Competitive Aggressiveness and Anger Scale, CAAS) consisting of two subscales was derived using principal component factor analysis with oblimin rotation. Confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modelling confirmed the overall structure. Test-retest correlation, construct and discriminant validities were good, supporting the utility of the scale as a measure of athlete trait aggressiveness and anger.Conclusions The CAAS appears to be a useful measure of athletic anger and aggressiveness. Its brevity and ability to discriminate aggressive from non-aggressive athletes should prove useful for future research concerning aggressive behaviour in competitive athletes.},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hutchison, M; Mainwaring, L; Richards, D; Comper, P
Emotional response of injured varsity athletes: Examination of concussion and musculoskeletal injuries Journal Article
In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 22, pp. 810–811, 2007, ISSN: 0887-6177.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Hutchison2007,
title = {Emotional response of injured varsity athletes: Examination of concussion and musculoskeletal injuries},
author = {Hutchison, M and Mainwaring, L and Richards, D and Comper, P},
issn = {0887-6177},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},
volume = {22},
pages = {810--811},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Schwebel, David C; Banaszek, Mark M; McDaniel, McCall
Brief report: Behavioral risk factors for youth soccer (football) injury Journal Article
In: Journal of Pediatric Psychology, vol. 32, pp. 411–416, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology
@article{Schwebel2007,
title = {Brief report: Behavioral risk factors for youth soccer (football) injury},
author = {Schwebel, David C and Banaszek, Mark M and McDaniel, McCall},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Pediatric Psychology},
volume = {32},
pages = {411--416},
address = {Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1300 University Blvd, CH 415, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. schwebel@uab.edu},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: By most reports, soccer (football) is among the most played and most popular sports in the world. This study prospectively examined behavioral risk factors for youth soccer injury. METHOD: Sixty 11- and 12-year-old boys who played on six teams in a suburban recreational soccer league were followed over the course of a season. Six predictors were assessed prior to the start of the season via self-report measures from coaches, parents, and the players themselves: inhibition, aggression, risk-taking, skill, experience playing soccer, and physical size. All games were videotaped, and tapes were reviewed to record players' collisions with other players, fouls, falls during the course of play, and injuries. RESULTS: Greater skill and less experience playing soccer best predicted injury risk. Inhibition, aggression, and risk-taking did not emerge as predictors. CONCLUSION: Results are discussed with respect to previous research in youth sport and general pediatric injury risk.},
keywords = {Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Thomas, Sion; Reeves, Colin; Smith, Andrew
English soccer teams' aggressive behavior when playing away from home Journal Article
In: Perceptual & Motor Skills, vol. 102, pp. 317–320, 2006.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology
@article{Thomas2006,
title = {English soccer teams' aggressive behavior when playing away from home},
author = {Thomas, Sion and Reeves, Colin and Smith, Andrew},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Perceptual \& Motor Skills},
volume = {102},
pages = {317--320},
address = {The University of Greenwich, Eltham, London, UK.},
abstract = {Speculation about key factors affecting home advantage still exists. The present study investigated aggressive behavior amongst English Football Premiership (soccer) players and its relation to home advantage. The frequency of aggressive behaviour, identified by the award of a penalty or disciplinary card (yellow for caution or red for dismissal) was analysed over 2000-2003. Chi-square analyses assessed whether a greater frequency of aggressive behavior was performed by teams away from home. In decided matches, teams playing away received significantly more cautions (yellow cards) than home teams. A further analysis of tied matches indicated that away teams received significantly more cautions (yellow cards) than home teams. No significant differences between home and away teams were found for dismissals and penalties awarded. Reasons for these findings are considered.},
keywords = {Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lorenz, Stacy L; Osborne, Geraint B
"Talk About strenuous hockey": Violence, manhood, and the 1907 Ottawa Silver Seven-Montreal Wanderer rivalry Journal Article
In: Journal of Canadian Studies, vol. 40, pp. 125–156, 2006.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Lorenz2006,
title = {"Talk About strenuous hockey": Violence, manhood, and the 1907 Ottawa Silver Seven-Montreal Wanderer rivalry},
author = {Lorenz, Stacy L and Osborne, Geraint B},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Canadian Studies},
volume = {40},
pages = {125--156},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kavussanu, Maria
Motivational predictors of prosocial and antisocial behaviour in football Journal Article
In: Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 24, pp. 575–588, 2006.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology
@article{Kavussanu2006,
title = {Motivational predictors of prosocial and antisocial behaviour in football},
author = {Kavussanu, Maria},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sports Sciences},
volume = {24},
pages = {575--588},
address = {School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. m.kavussanu@$sim$bham.ac.uk},
abstract = {This study examined (a) the main and interactive effects of goal orientations and perceived motivational climate on prosocial and antisocial behaviour, and (b) whether number of seasons one has played for the team interacts with motivational climate in predicting prosocial and antisocial behaviour in association football. Participants were 325 male association football players, whose age ranged from 12 to 17 years. Athletes completed questionnaires measuring frequency of prosocial and antisocial behaviours in football, goal orientation, motivational climate and social desirability, and indicated the number of seasons they had played for their current team. Regression analyses revealed that task orientation and mastery climate were positive predictors of prosocial behaviour, whereas ego orientation and performance climate were positive predictors of antisocial behaviour. In addition, task orientation negatively predicted antisocial behaviour, while ego orientation negatively predicted prosocial behaviour. No significant interactions between task and ego orientation and mastery and performance motivational climate were found. Finally, mastery climate negatively predicted antisocial behaviour for those who had played many seasons for the team. In conclusion, strengthening task orientation and mastery climate and weakening ego orientation may enhance prosocial behaviour. However, for antisocial conduct to be eliminated from the context of association football, ego orientation and performance climate need to be tempered, as these constructs exert unique independent effects on antisocial behaviour.},
keywords = {Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Juntumaa, Birgitta; Keskivaara, Pertti; Punamaki, Raija-Leena
Parenting, achievement strategies and satisfaction in ice hockey Journal Article
In: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, vol. 46, pp. 411–420, 2005, ISSN: 1467-9450.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey Education, Sport Psychology
@article{Juntumaa2005,
title = {Parenting, achievement strategies and satisfaction in ice hockey},
author = {Juntumaa, Birgitta and Keskivaara, Pertti and Punamaki, Raija-Leena},
issn = {1467-9450},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Psychology},
volume = {46},
pages = {411--420},
address = {Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland ; Department of Psychology, University of Tampere, Finland},
abstract = {The aim of this study is to understand adolescent players' satisfaction as a function of parenting styles, players' achievement strategies, and their norm breaking behavior. Finnish 14- and 16-year-old ice-hockey players (n= 1018) completed a questionnaire measuring their achievement strategies (SAQ; Nurmi, Salmela-Aro \& Haavisto, 1995b), as well as scales of norm breaking and satisfaction, prepared for the present study. The parents (n= 979) filled in scales measuring their parenting styles (CRPR; Pulkkinen, 1996) and attitudes towards norm breaking. Results revealed that players from authoritative families who showed a high level of mastery-orientation expressed high satisfaction in playing ice hockey. Results also showed negative associations between authoritative parenting and both task irrelevant and norm breaking behavior. Parents with parental stress and those with authoritarian parenting styles showed positive attitudes to norm breaking behavior, and players from authoritarian and parental stress homes showed norm breaking behavior in ice hockey. There was no association between norm breaking behavior and player satisfaction. Our results contribute to the planning of a coaching system that serves more educational and developmental purposes, and that encourages the desire to play ice hockey as a hobby.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey Education, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bernburg, Jon Gunnar; Thorlindsson, Thorolfur
Violent values, conduct norms, and youth aggression: A multilevel study in Iceland Journal Article
In: Sociological Quarterly, vol. 46, pp. 457–478, 2005.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Bernburg2005,
title = {Violent values, conduct norms, and youth aggression: A multilevel study in Iceland},
author = {Bernburg, Jon Gunnar and Thorlindsson, Thorolfur},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Sociological Quarterly},
volume = {46},
pages = {457--478},
abstract = {The subculture of violence approach suggests that group adherence to values \& norms that encourage violence influence aggressive behavior through two analytically separate processes: (1) internalization of values encouraging violence, \& (2) social control stemming from others' adherence to conduct norms. While some attention has been paid to the former process, the research has rarely addressed the latter. We examine the individual-level \& contextual effects of values that encourage violence \& perceived conduct norms on youth aggression in Iceland. The results indicate that group adherence to violent values \& norms influences aggression through social control as well as internalization (socialization), lending cross-cultural support to the subculture of violence perspective. 3 Tables, 2 Appendixes, 62 References. Adapted from the source document.},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lapi, Angelo
Violence in some so-called 'sports' Journal Article
In: Missouri Medicine, vol. 102, pp. 524–525, 2005.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Lapi2005,
title = {Violence in some so-called 'sports'},
author = {Lapi, Angelo},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Missouri Medicine},
volume = {102},
pages = {524--525},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jones, Marc V; Bray, Steven R; Olivier, Stephen
Game location and aggression in rugby league Journal Article
In: Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 23, pp. 387–393, 2005.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Rugby, Sport Psychology
@article{Jones2005,
title = {Game location and aggression in rugby league},
author = {Jones, Marc V and Bray, Steven R and Olivier, Stephen},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sports Sciences},
volume = {23},
pages = {387--393},
address = {Sport, Health and Exercise, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. marc.jones@staffs.ac.uk},
abstract = {The present study examined the relationship between aggression and game location in rugby league. We videotaped a random sample of 21 professional rugby league games played in the 2000 Super League season. Trained observers recorded the frequency of aggressive behaviours. Consistent with previous research, which used territoriality theories as a basis for prediction, we hypothesized that the home team would behave more aggressively than the away team. The results showed no significant difference in the frequency of aggressive behaviours exhibited by the home and away teams. However, the away teams engaged in substantially more aggressive behaviours in games they lost compared with games they won. No significant differences in the pattern of aggressive behaviours for home and away teams emerged as a function of game time (i.e. first or second half) or game situation (i.e. when teams were winning, losing or drawing). The findings suggest that while home and away teams do not display different levels of aggression, the cost of behaving aggressively (in terms of game outcome) may be greater for the away team.},
keywords = {Aggression Rugby, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Burton, Robert W
Aggression and sport Journal Article
In: Clinics in Sports Medicine, vol. 24, pp. 845–852, 2005.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Burton2005,
title = {Aggression and sport},
author = {Burton, Robert W},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Clinics in Sports Medicine},
volume = {24},
pages = {845--852},
address = {Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. rwbmd@comcast.net},
abstract = {Viewing aggression in its healthy form, in contrast to its extreme and inappropriate versions, and sport as a health-promoting exercise in psychological development and maturation may allow participants and spectators alike to retain an interest in aggression and sport and derive further enjoyment from them. In addition, it will benefit all involved with sport to have a broader understanding of human aggression. Physicians, mental health professionals, and other health care providers can be influential in this process, and should be willing to get involved and speak out when issues and problems arise. [References: 8]},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bloom, G A; Horton, A S; McCrory, P; Johnston, K M
Sport psychology and concussion: new impacts to explore Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 38, pp. 519–521, 2004.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Bloom2004,
title = {Sport psychology and concussion: new impacts to explore},
author = {Bloom, G A and Horton, A S and McCrory, P and Johnston, K M},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {38},
pages = {519--521},
address = {McGill University, Montreal, Canada.},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Pappas, N T; McKenry, P C; Catlett, B S
Athlete aggression on the rink and off the ice: Athlete violence and aggression in hockey and interpersonal relationships Journal Article
In: Men and Masculinities, vol. 6, pp. 291–312, 2004.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Pappas2004,
title = {Athlete aggression on the rink and off the ice: Athlete violence and aggression in hockey and interpersonal relationships},
author = {Pappas, N T and McKenry, P C and Catlett, B S},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Men and Masculinities},
volume = {6},
pages = {291--312},
abstract = {Because male athletes have exhibited aggressive tendencies in a variety of settings, they may be at risk for using violence both within \& beyond their sports involvement. Five former college/professional hockey players were interviewed to determine their perspectives on the nature of aggression \& violence in sports competition as well as in social relationships. The informants were asked about athletes' violence \& aggression toward teammates, acquaintances, \& female intimates. This analysis includes participants' experiences, observations, \& explanations of the instances of violence in hockey culture. The study findings yield (1) a greater understanding of the ways in which hockey socialization \& athletes' notions of masculinity combine to create a culture of aggression \& violence \& (2) two major factors -- consumption of alcohol \& the objectification of women -- that contribute to exporting violence outside the athletic arena.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hagel, Brent; Meeuwisse, Willem
Risk compensation: a "side effect" of sport injury prevention? Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 14, pp. 193–196, 2004.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Hagel2004,
title = {Risk compensation: a "side effect" of sport injury prevention?},
author = {Hagel, Brent and Meeuwisse, Willem},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {14},
pages = {193--196},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Landis, M
The team physician: An analysis of the causes of action, conflicts, defenses and improvements Journal Article
In: DePaul Journal of Sports Law & Contemporary Problems, vol. 1, pp. 139–207, 2003.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Ethics, Sport Psychology
@article{Landis2003,
title = {The team physician: An analysis of the causes of action, conflicts, defenses and improvements},
author = {Landis, M},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {DePaul Journal of Sports Law \& Contemporary Problems},
volume = {1},
pages = {139--207},
keywords = {Aggression Ethics, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wann, Daniel L; Shelton, Sarah; Smith, Tony; Walker, Rhonda
Relationship between team identification and trait aggression: a replication Journal Article
In: Perceptual & Motor Skills, vol. 94, pp. 595–598, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Wann2002,
title = {Relationship between team identification and trait aggression: a replication},
author = {Wann, Daniel L and Shelton, Sarah and Smith, Tony and Walker, Rhonda},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Perceptual \& Motor Skills},
volume = {94},
pages = {595--598},
address = {Department of Psychology, Murray State University, KY 42071, USA. danwann@msumusik.mursuky.edu},
abstract = {Research yielded no significant relationship between sport fandom and trait aggression. The current study replicated previous efforts using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, an updated version of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. In contrast to past work, the current study did yield a significant relationship between fandom and aggression for men.},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Robidoux, M
Imagining a Canadian identity through sport: A historical interpretation of lacrosse and hockey Journal Article
In: Journal of American Folklore, vol. 115, pp. 209–225, 2002, ISSN: 0021-8715.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey Other Sports, Sport Psychology
@article{Robidoux2002,
title = {Imagining a Canadian identity through sport: A historical interpretation of lacrosse and hockey},
author = {Robidoux, M},
issn = {0021-8715},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Journal of American Folklore},
volume = {115},
pages = {209--225},
address = {Univ Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. Robidoux, M, Univ Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.},
abstract = {Sport in Canada during the late 19th century was intended to promote physical excellence, emotional restraint, fair play, and discipline; yet these ideological principles were consistently undermined by the manner in which Canadians played the game of hockey. This article explores the genesis of violence in hockey by focusing on its vernacular origins and discusses the relevance of violence as an expression fo Canadian national identity in terms of First Nations and French Canadian expressions of sport.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey Other Sports, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jones, Marc V; Paull, Geoffrey C; Erskine, John
The impact of a team's aggressive reputation on the decisions of association football referees Journal Article
In: Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 20, pp. 991–1000, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology
@article{Jones2002a,
title = {The impact of a team's aggressive reputation on the decisions of association football referees},
author = {Jones, Marc V and Paull, Geoffrey C and Erskine, John},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sports Sciences},
volume = {20},
pages = {991--1000},
address = {Sport, Health and Exercise, School of Health, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. marc.jones@staffs.ac.uk},
abstract = {It has been suggested that individuals may use heuristic methods of reasoning and rely on schemata when a quick decision is necessary. Accordingly, it is possible that decisions made by sport officials may be influenced by prior knowledge they have about teams they are officiating. The aim of the present study was to determine whether sport officials are more likely to penalize individuals who participate in a team with an aggressive reputation. In a balanced design, 38 football referees were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group and were presented with the same 50 video clips of incidents from football games, all involving a team in a blue strip ('blue team'). The incidents were categorized before the study by five experienced referees into fouls committed both by, and against, the blue team, where all participants agreed that a foul had been committed (certain incidents), disagreed it was a foul (uncertain incidents) or agreed that there was no foul (innocuous incidents). Both groups received written instructions before the task; in addition, the experimental group was informed that the blue team present in all of the clips had a reputation for foul and aggressive play. For each incident, the participants were required to indicate what action they would engage in if refereeing the game. Although there was no difference in the number of decisions made, the experimental group awarded significantly more red and yellow cards against the blue team both overall and for the 'certain' incidents. It is suggested that prior knowledge may impact referees' behaviour in a laboratory setting, although future research should explore whether a similar effect is observed in the behaviour of referees during football matches.},
keywords = {Aggression Soccer, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Juhn, Mark S; Brolinson, Per Gunnar; Duffey, Timothy; Stockard, Alan; Vangelos, Zenos A; Emaus, Erik; Maddox, Matthew; Boyajian, Lori; Henehan, Michael; Medicine, American Osteopathic Academy of Sports
Position Statement. Violence and injury in ice hockey Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 12, pp. 46–51, 2002.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Juhn2002,
title = {Position Statement. Violence and injury in ice hockey},
author = {Juhn, Mark S and Brolinson, Per Gunnar and Duffey, Timothy and Stockard, Alan and Vangelos, Zenos A and Emaus, Erik and Maddox, Matthew and Boyajian, Lori and Henehan, Michael and Medicine, American Osteopathic Academy of Sports},
year = {2002},
date = {2002-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {12},
pages = {46--51},
address = {Hall Health Sports Medicine, University of Washington, 354410 E. Stevens Circle, Seattle, WA 98195-4410, USA.},
abstract = {Ice hockey is a sport enjoyed by many men and women at the spectator and participant level. It is played with high intensity and often involves body contact. Although the women's games is far from injury free, it is the men's game that has drawn criticism for excessive violence. Much attention has been drawn to the serious injuries that have occurred in ice hockey, specifically spinal injuries, concussions, and eye injuries. Many such injuries are the result of illegal and violent acts such as checking from behind or a deliberate high stick. Because of this, some medical organizations have called for changes in the sport, such as minimum age requirements for body-checking. As a practical matter such changes are unlikely to be accepted by hockey governing boards. Many of those involved in the sport consider body-checking a fundamental component of the game. Furthermore, a distinction needs to be made between any kind of injury and a serious, catastrophic injury. For example, although a recent study found that body-checking accounted for up to 38% of ice hockey injuries, none were of the catastrophic type. With respect to catastrophic injuries such as spinal cord trauma or a blinded eye, legal body-checking accounts for significantly less than illegal body-checking (e.g., checking from behind) or violent stick work. To reduce serious injury in ice hockey, we offer 10 recommendations, key among them automatic game suspensions for certain rules violations, and recognition of the coach as the most important figure in promoting a clean, safe game.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Stephens, D E
Predictors of aggressive tendencies in girls' basketball: an examination of beginning and advanced participants in a summer skills camp Journal Article
In: Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, vol. 72, pp. 257–266, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Basketball, Sport Psychology
@article{Stephens2001,
title = {Predictors of aggressive tendencies in girls' basketball: an examination of beginning and advanced participants in a summer skills camp},
author = {Stephens, D E},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Research Quarterly for Exercise \& Sport},
volume = {72},
pages = {257--266},
address = {Department of Health, Leisure, and Sport Studies, University of Iowa, USA. dawn-e-stephens@uiowa.edu},
abstract = {This study was designed to extend previous research on aggressive tendencies and moral atmosphere in two ways: (a) to include participants of two skill levels in a summer youth basketball skill camp and (b) to examine the influence of the coach on participants' aggressive tendencies. The participants were 136 youth from either a beginning (n = 89) or an advanced sport camp (n = 47). Results indicated that primary predictors of aggressive tendencies for both skill levels included participants' perception of their teammates' behavior in the same situation and their willingness to injure others if their coach requested. These findings are consistent with previous research establishing team norm as a significant predictor for self-described aggressive tendencies in a sport situation.},
keywords = {Aggression Basketball, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wann, D L; Ensor, C L
Family motivation and a more accurate classification of preferences for aggressive sports Journal Article
In: Perceptual & Motor Skills, vol. 92, pp. 603–605, 2001.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Wann2001,
title = {Family motivation and a more accurate classification of preferences for aggressive sports},
author = {Wann, D L and Ensor, C L},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Perceptual \& Motor Skills},
volume = {92},
pages = {603--605},
address = {Department of Psychology, Murray State University, KY 42071, USA. danwann@msumusik.mursuky.edu},
abstract = {In previous research there were no significant differences in family motivation between individuals with a preference for aggressive sports and those with a preference for nonaggressive sports. The current study replicated the past research with a more valid method of classifying participants into the sport-preference groups. 82 participants completed the Family Motivation Subscale of the Sport Fan Motivation Scale and listed their five favorite sports. As predicted, correlations indicated no significant relationships between preferences for aggressive sports and strength of family motivation.},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dvorak, J; Junge, A; Chomiak, J; Graf-Baumann, T; Peterson, L; Rosch, D; Hodgson, R
Risk factor analysis for injuries in football players. Possibilities for a prevention program Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 28, pp. S69–74, 2000.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Football (American), Sport Psychology
@article{Dvorak2000,
title = {Risk factor analysis for injuries in football players. Possibilities for a prevention program},
author = {Dvorak, J and Junge, A and Chomiak, J and Graf-Baumann, T and Peterson, L and Rosch, D and Hodgson, R},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {28},
pages = {S69--74},
address = {Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.},
abstract = {Review of the literature shows that information concerning risk factors for football injuries is incomplete and partly contradictory. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of medical history, physical findings, football skills, and football performance, as well as psychosocial characteristics on the occurrence and severity of football injuries. The prospective outline of the study was as follows: after a baseline examination was performed to ascertain possible predictors of injury, all players were followed up weekly for 1 year to register subsequent injuries and complaints. Two hundred sixty-four of 398 players (67%) had complete weekly follow-ups over 1 year. A majority of the players (N = 216; 82%) were injured during the observation period. In comparing injured and uninjured players, several differences were observed. To create a multidimensional predictor score for football injuries, 17 risk factors were selected. These risk factors covered a wide spectrum, such as previous injuries, acute complaints, inadequate rehabilitation, poor health awareness, high life-event stress, playing characteristics, poor reaction time, poor endurance, and insufficient preparation for games. By summing up the individual risk factors, a predictive sum was calculated for each player. The more risk factors present at the baseline examination, the higher the probability of that player incurring an injury in the ensuing year. Using two risk factors as the cut-off score, more than 80% of the players were correctly classified as to whether they went on to incur an injury. Based on these findings, knowledge from the literature, and practical experience, possibilities for a prevention program are suggested.},
keywords = {Aggression Football (American), Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ntoumanis, N; Biddle, S
The relationship between achievement goal profile groups and perceptions of motivational climates in sport Journal Article
In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, vol. 8, pp. 120–124, 1998.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Education, Sport Psychology
@article{Ntoumanis1998,
title = {The relationship between achievement goal profile groups and perceptions of motivational climates in sport},
author = {Ntoumanis, N and Biddle, S},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Medicine \& Science in Sports},
volume = {8},
pages = {120--124},
address = {School of Education, University of Exeter, UK.},
abstract = {The purpose of the present study was to expand on previous research that has found compatibility between individuals' views on achievement and the type of achievement that was promoted in the sport environment they belonged to. However, this line of research has ignored the fact that the two main goal orientations are largely independent and that their impact in combination is often different from their effects examined separately. The present study, therefore, examined which combinations of goal orientations are compatible with perceptions of mastery and performance climates in a sample of 146 British university students. With regard to mastery climate, the analysis showed that the critical factor was the degree of task orientation since those with high scores in this factor (irrespective of the degree of their ego orientation) perceived the climate as more mastery-oriented than those with low scores in task orientation. This was substantiated by the large differences in effect sizes between the high- and low-task groups. As far as performance climate was concerned, the most negative perceptions of climate were held by those who were rated both low in task orientation and high in ego orientation. A general inference from these results is that high task orientation is motivationally adaptive, whereas high ego orientation is not motivationally detrimental as long as it is accompanied by a high task orientation. These findings are in contrast with previous suggestions that have called for the enhancement of task orientation with the concurrent suppression of ego orientation. Our results are, however, consonant with studies which have employed a goal profiles analysis in sport and in physical education, and with empirical evidence from real sport settings.},
keywords = {Aggression Education, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dunn, Robert; Stevenson, Christopher
The paradox of the church hockey league Journal Article
In: International Review for the Sociology of Sport, vol. 33, pp. 131–141, 1998.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey Ethics, Sport Psychology
@article{Dunn1998,
title = {The paradox of the church hockey league},
author = {Dunn, Robert and Stevenson, Christopher},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
journal = {International Review for the Sociology of Sport},
volume = {33},
pages = {131--141},
abstract = {We investigated a local church ice hockey league, because it: (a) was specifically created for the playing of hockey according to `Christian' values and expectations; (b) consisted of eight teams from evangelical churches, which led us to presuppose an explicit expectation for the integration of the Christian faith into all aspects of life, including sport; and (c) presented an implict paradox between the nature of the game and the practice of the Christian faith. Informal, structured interviews with 20 volunteers from four of the teams revealed that the practice of the league was dominated by an explicitly `Christian' ethos rather than by the sport ethic. Any problems the players did report were explained from an interactionist/role-identity perspective as the consequence of a reflexive analysis of the relative values of the various role-identity options available to the individual in the setting. In this regard we were able to identify three stereotypes of players: the consistent, the struggling and the nominal.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey Ethics, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bushman, B J; Wells, G L
Trait aggressiveness and hockey penalties: predicting hot tempers on the ice Journal Article
In: Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 83, pp. 969–974, 1998.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Bushman1998,
title = {Trait aggressiveness and hockey penalties: predicting hot tempers on the ice},
author = {Bushman, B J and Wells, G L},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Psychology},
volume = {83},
pages = {969--974},
address = {Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames 50011-3180, USA. bushman@iastate.edu},
abstract = {Previous studies examining the validity of measures of trait aggressiveness either have been retrospective studies or have used laboratory aggression as the criterion behavior. Can a measure of trait aggressiveness predict nonlaboratory physical aggression? The Physical Aggression subscale of the Aggression Questionnaire was completed by 91 high school hockey players prior to the start of the season. At the end of the season, these trait aggressiveness scores were regressed on minutes in the penalty box for aggressive penalties (e.g., fighting, slashing, tripping) and minutes in the penalty box for nonaggressive penalties (e.g., delay of game, illegal equipment, too many players). As expected, preseason trait aggressiveness scores predicted aggressive penalty minutes (r = .33) but not nonaggressive penalty minutes (r = .04).},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Young, K
The swimsuit issue and sport: Hegemonic masculinity in sports illustrated Journal Article
In: Gender & Society, vol. 12, pp. 479–481, 1998, ISSN: 0891-2432.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Sport Psychology
@article{Young1998,
title = {The swimsuit issue and sport: Hegemonic masculinity in sports illustrated},
author = {Young, K},
issn = {0891-2432},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
journal = {Gender \& Society},
volume = {12},
pages = {479--481},
address = {Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Young, K, Univ Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.},
keywords = {Aggression, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Pipe, A
Reviving ethics in sports time for physicians to act Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 26, pp. 39–40, 1998.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Legal & Policy Issues, Sport Psychology
@article{Pipe1998,
title = {Reviving ethics in sports time for physicians to act},
author = {Pipe, A},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {26},
pages = {39--40},
address = {University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4E9, CAN.},
abstract = {When will we face the fact that we're producing some really ugly, violent young men?" observed my friend, an internationally prominent basketball coach, who is given neither to hand-wringing nor to strident overstatement. His disquieting words cast a pall over an already disheartening conversation about the state of contemporary sports.},
keywords = {Aggression Legal \& Policy Issues, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Theberge, Nancy
"Same sport, different gender": A consideration of binary gender logic and the sport continuum in the case of ice hockey Journal Article
In: Journal of Sport and Social Issues, vol. 22, pp. 183–198, 1998.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey Gender Differ, Sport Psychology
@article{Theberge1998,
title = {"Same sport, different gender": A consideration of binary gender logic and the sport continuum in the case of ice hockey},
author = {Theberge, Nancy},
year = {1998},
date = {1998-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sport and Social Issues},
volume = {22},
pages = {183--198},
abstract = {This article responds to a call by Mary Jo Kane in an earlier Journal of Sport \& Social Issues article to consider the "sport continuum" as a counter to conceptions of sport as an "oppositional binary" in which gender is naturalized. The continuum emphasizes women's participation in male-identified team contact sports. Drawing from field work and interviews with elite-level players, the analysis examines the dynamics of the continuum in the context of ice hockey. Player accounts of the practice of men's and women's hockey and their own experiences in gender-integrated settings highlight the many ways in which the construction of hockey and hockey players are distinctly social experiences. The conclusion offers an assessment of the sport continuum as a strategy to challenge the oppositional binary.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey Gender Differ, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jones, J C H; Nadeau, S; Walsh, W D
The wages of sin: Employment and salary effects of violence in the National Hockey League Journal Article
In: Atlantic Economic Journal, vol. 25, pp. 191–206, 1997, ISSN: 0197-4254.
BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey Professional S, Sport Psychology
@article{Jones1997,
title = {The wages of sin: Employment and salary effects of violence in the National Hockey League},
author = {Jones, J C H and Nadeau, S and Walsh, W D},
issn = {0197-4254},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
journal = {Atlantic Economic Journal},
volume = {25},
pages = {191--206},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey Professional S, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ginsburg, K R
Teen violence prevention: how to make a brief encounter make a difference Journal Article
In: Physician & Sportsmedicine, vol. 25, pp. 69–83, 1997.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Adolescents, Sport Psychology
@article{Ginsburg1997,
title = {Teen violence prevention: how to make a brief encounter make a difference},
author = {Ginsburg, K R},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
journal = {Physician \& Sportsmedicine},
volume = {25},
pages = {69--83},
address = {Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.},
abstract = {Physicians with an interest in sports medicine often have contact with adolescents, many of whom are directly or indirectly involved in violent behavior. With appropriate techniques, such physicians can use brief contacts with adolescents to address issues of violent behavior. Ideally, counseling begins with a comprehensive psychosocial screen. However, in short office or training room visits, a three-question psychosocial screen can bring up relevant issues, and a violence screen can refine the history. The physician can then move to situation- and age-appropriate counseling and role-playing techniques as needed.},
keywords = {Aggression Adolescents, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Belanger, A
Hockey in Quebec, much more than a game: A sociological analysis of hockey's central place in the Quebecers' quest for identity Journal Article
In: Loisir & Societe-Society and Leisure, vol. 19, pp. 539–557, 1996, ISSN: 0705-3436.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Belanger1996,
title = {Hockey in Quebec, much more than a game: A sociological analysis of hockey's central place in the Quebecers' quest for identity},
author = {Belanger, A},
issn = {0705-3436},
year = {1996},
date = {1996-01-01},
journal = {Loisir \& Societe-Society and Leisure},
volume = {19},
pages = {539--557},
abstract = {How can a culturally-futile practice such as hockey be of interest to Quebec sociologists? This paper focuses on hockey as a popular cultural practice in this province. Emphasis is put on its complexity, its various modes of expression, its background and its overwhelming influence on Quebecers' imagination. It particularly illustrates the process by which this sport has come to incorporate the quest for identity of many Quebecers since the '50s. The issue of cultural identity, the quest for this identity, the anguish which has affected the people from the past up to the present are also expressed in hockey. Questioning this sport about its identity problem amounts to questioning the imagination of Quebecers to learn more about their hopes and fears in terms of cultural identity. Maurice Richard's and Guy Lafleur's biographies, as well as newspaper and magazine clippings, are examined for this purpose. The study suggests that hockey is still the locus of tension of the Quebecers' identity problem, even in the current context of a world capitalist.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Tegner, Y; Lorentzon, R
Concussion among Swedish elite ice hockey players Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 30, pp. 251–255, 1996.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology
@article{Tegner1996,
title = {Concussion among Swedish elite ice hockey players},
author = {Tegner, Y and Lorentzon, R},
year = {1996},
date = {1996-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {30},
pages = {251--255},
address = {Ermeline Clinic, Lulea, Sweden.},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of concussion in Swedish ice hockey and to establish a uniform grading and treatment model for concussions of different severity. METHODS: Frequency of concussion was investigated in two studies, one retrospective and one prospective. In the retrospective study, all Swedish elite ice hockey players (n = 265) were asked to answer a questionnaire on the number and treatment of previous concussions. Only concussions diagnosed by a doctor were recorded. The questionnaire was completed by 227 players (86%). In the prospective study, all injuries including concussions occurring during game and practice in the Swedish Elite League (n = 12 teams) were recorded during four years. The causes of injury, referees judgements, diagnosis, treatment, and time absent from ice hockey were registered on special cards. RESULTS: In the retrospective study, 51 out of 227 players (22%) in the Swedish Elite League reported at least one concussion. In the prospective study, 52 concussions were reported. The incidence of a concussion is at least one concussion every year/team or a yearly risk of about 5% for a player to sustain a concussion. Most concussions occurred during league play (81%). Body contact (checking or boarding) was the most common cause of concussions. The players were absent from full training and play on a mean of 6 d. CONCLUSIONS: As this injury is potentially dangerous it must be treated seriously according to a simple treatment model presented. In cases of repeated concussions during the same season, a longer period of time away from play is suggested. In players who have sustained several concussions over the years a thorough medical examination including EEG, CT/MRI, and neuropsychological tests should be performed. If any of these is pathological the player should be advised to give up ice hockey.},
keywords = {Aggression Hockey, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}