References – Sports Concussion Library

2017

Reider, Bruce

In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 275–277, 2017, ISBN: 03635465.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: ACL tear, Concussion, female athlete triad, football, Injury prevention, rugby, Soccer

Mayinger, Michael Christian; Merchant-Borna, Kian; Hufschmidt, Jakob; Muehlmann, Marc; Weir, Isabelle Ruth; Rauchmann, Boris-Stephan; Shenton, Martha Elizabeth; Koerte, Inga Katharina; Bazarian, Jeffrey John

White matter alterations in college football players: A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study Journal Article

In: Brain Imaging & Behavior, 2017, ISBN: 1931-7557.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 2017, Athletics, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, football, fractional anisotropy, High magnitude impact, Human studies, Longitudinal, No terms assigned, Repetitive head impacts, Sports, Subconcussive head trauma, TBSS, white matter

@article{Mayinger2017,

title = {White matter alterations in college football players: A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study},

author = {Mayinger, Michael Christian and Merchant-Borna, Kian and Hufschmidt, Jakob and Muehlmann, Marc and Weir, Isabelle Ruth and Rauchmann, Boris-Stephan and Shenton, Martha Elizabeth and Koerte, Inga Katharina and Bazarian, Jeffrey John},

doi = {10.1007/s11682-017-9672-4},

isbn = {1931-7557},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Brain Imaging \& Behavior},

publisher = {Springer},

address = {Germany},

abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in the diffusion characteristics of brain white matter (WM) in collegiate athletes at three time points: prior to the start of the football season (T1), after one season of football (T2), followed by six months of no-contact rest (T3). Fifteen male collegiate football players and 5 male non-athlete student controls underwent diffusion MR imaging and computerized cognitive testing at all three timepoints. Whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used to compare fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity (AD), and trace between all timepoints. Average diffusion values were obtained from statistically significant clusters for each individual. No athlete suffered a concussion during the study period. After one season of play (T1 to T2), we observed a significant increase in trace in a cluster located in the brainstem and left temporal lobe, and a significant increase in FA in the left parietal lobe. After six months of no-contact rest (T2 to T3), there was a significant decrease in trace and FA in clusters that were partially overlapping or in close proximity with the initial clusters (T1 to T2), with no significant changes from T1 to T3. Repetitive head impacts (RHI) sustained during a single football season may result in alterations of the brain’s WM in collegiate football players. These changes appear to return to baseline after 6 months of no-contact rest, suggesting remission of WM alterations. Our preliminary results suggest that collegiate football players might benefit from periods without exposure to RHI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)},

keywords = {2017, Athletics, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, football, fractional anisotropy, High magnitude impact, Human studies, Longitudinal, No terms assigned, Repetitive head impacts, Sports, Subconcussive head trauma, TBSS, white matter},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Montenigro, P H; Alosco, M L; Martin, B M; Daneshvar, D H; Mez, J; Chaisson, C E; Nowinski, C J; Au, R; McKee, A C; Cantu, R C; McClean, M D; Stern, R A; Tripodis, Y

Cumulative Head Impact Exposure Predicts Later-Life Depression, Apathy, Executive Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment in Former High School and College Football Players Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 328–340, 2017.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: behavior, cognition, Concussion, football, long-term impairment, subconcussive impacts

@article{Montenigro2017,

title = {Cumulative Head Impact Exposure Predicts Later-Life Depression, Apathy, Executive Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment in Former High School and College Football Players},

author = {Montenigro, P H and Alosco, M L and Martin, B M and Daneshvar, D H and Mez, J and Chaisson, C E and Nowinski, C J and Au, R and McKee, A C and Cantu, R C and McClean, M D and Stern, R A and Tripodis, Y},

doi = {10.1089/neu.2016.4413},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},

volume = {34},

number = {2},

pages = {328--340},

abstract = {The term "repetitive head impacts" (RHI) refers to the cumulative exposure to concussive and subconcussive events. Although RHI are believed to increase risk for later-life neurological consequences (including chronic traumatic encephalopathy), quantitative analysis of this relationship has not yet been examined because of the lack of validated tools to quantify lifetime RHI exposure. The objectives of this study were: 1) to develop a metric to quantify cumulative RHI exposure from football, which we term the "cumulative head impact index" (CHII); 2) to use the CHII to examine the association between RHI exposure and long-term clinical outcomes; and 3) to evaluate its predictive properties relative to other exposure metrics (i.e., duration of play, age of first exposure, concussion history). Participants included 93 former high school and collegiate football players who completed objective cognitive and self-reported behavioral/mood tests as part of a larger ongoing longitudinal study. Using established cutoff scores, we transformed continuous outcomes into dichotomous variables (normal vs. impaired). The CHII was computed for each participant and derived from a combination of self-reported athletic history (i.e., number of seasons, position[s], levels played), and impact frequencies reported in helmet accelerometer studies. A bivariate probit, instrumental variable model revealed a threshold dose-response relationship between the CHII and risk for later-life cognitive impairment (p \< 0.0001), self-reported executive dysfunction (p \< 0.0001), depression (p \< 0.0001), apathy (p = 0.0161), and behavioral dysregulation (p \< 0.0001). Ultimately, the CHII demonstrated greater predictive validity than other individual exposure metrics. Copyright © 2017, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2017.},

keywords = {behavior, cognition, Concussion, football, long-term impairment, subconcussive impacts},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

2016

Davis, G; Makdissi, M

Use of video to facilitate sideline concussion diagnosis and management decision-making Journal Article

In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 898–902, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: brain concussion, Clinical management, Flowchart, football, Video analysis

@article{Davis2016,

title = {Use of video to facilitate sideline concussion diagnosis and management decision-making},

author = {Davis, G and Makdissi, M},

doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2016.02.005},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},

volume = {19},

number = {11},

pages = {898--902},

abstract = {Objectives Video analysis can provide critical information to improve diagnostic accuracy and speed of clinical decision-making in potential cases of concussion. The objective of this study was to validate a hierarchical flowchart for the assessment of video signs of concussion, and to determine whether its implementation could improve the process of game day video assessment. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods All impacts and collisions potentially resulting in a concussion were identified during 2012 and 2013 Australian Football League (AFL) seasons. Consensus definitions were developed for clinical signs associated with concussion. A hierarchical flowchart was developed based on the reliability and validity of the video signs of concussion. Ninety videos were assessed, with 45 incidents of clinically confirmed concussion, and 45 cases where no concussion was sustained. Each video was examined using the hierarchical flowchart, and a single response was given for each video based on the highest-ranking element in the flowchart. Results No protective action, impact seizure, motor incoordination or blank/vacant look were the highest ranked video signs in almost half of the clinically confirmed concussions, but in only 8.8% of non-concussed individuals. The presence of facial injury, clutching at the head and slow to get up were the highest ranked sign in 77.7% of non-concussed individuals. Conclusions This study suggests that the implementation of a flowchart model could improve timely assessment of concussion, and it identifies the video signs that should trigger automatic removal from play. © 2016 Sports Medicine Australia},

keywords = {brain concussion, Clinical management, Flowchart, football, Video analysis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Westermann, Robert W; Kerr, Zachary Y; Wehr, Peter; Amendola, Annuziato

Increasing Lower Extremity Injury Rates Across the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 Seasons of National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Journal Article

In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 3230–3236, 2016, ISBN: 03635465.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *ANKLE wounds, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE athletes, *COLLEGE sports, *EPIDEMIOLOGY, *FOOTBALL injuries, *KNEE -- Wounds & injuries, *LEG -- Wounds & injuries, *PREVENTION, *SPORTS -- Societies, ankle injury, Concussion, CONFIDENCE intervals, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, etc., football, IOWA, knee, LONGITUDINAL method, ODDS ratio, RESEARCH, RESEARCH -- Finance, RESEARCH -- Methodology, rule change, UNITED States

@article{Westermann2016,

title = {Increasing Lower Extremity Injury Rates Across the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 Seasons of National Collegiate Athletic Association Football},

author = {Westermann, Robert W and Kerr, Zachary Y and Wehr, Peter and Amendola, Annuziato},

isbn = {03635465},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},

volume = {44},

number = {12},

pages = {3230--3236},

abstract = {Background: Sports-related concussions (SRCs) have gained increased societal interest in the past decade. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has implemented legislation and rule changes to decrease the incidence and risk of head injury impacts. The “targeting” rule forbids initiating contact with the crown of a helmet and targeting defenseless players in the head and neck area; however, there are concerns that this rule change has unintentionally led to an increased incidence of lower extremity injuries. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in lower extremity injury rates in NCAA football during the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 seasons. We hypothesized that the lower extremity injury rate has increased across the time period. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Sixty-eight NCAA football programs provided 153 team-seasons of data to the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program. Lower extremity injuries (ie, hip/groin, upper leg/thigh, knee, lower leg/Achilles, foot/toes) and SRCs sustained during NCAA football games were examined. We calculated injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) for lower extremity injuries and SRCs. Rate ratios (RRs) compared injury rates between the 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 seasons. Results: Overall, 2400 lower extremity injuries were reported during the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 seasons; most were to the knee (33.6%) and ankle (28.5%) and caused by player contact (59.2%). The lower extremity injury rate increased in 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 compared with 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 (23.55 vs 20.45/1000 AEs, respectively; RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.25). This finding was retained when restricted to injuries due to player contact (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.32) but not for injuries due to noncontact/overuse (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.80-1.14). When examining player contact injury rates by anatomic site, only ankle injuries had an increase (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.13-1.64). The SRC rate also increased in 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 compared with 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 (3.52 vs 2.63/1000 AEs, respectively; RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.66). Conclusion: The lower extremity injury rate has increased in NCAA football athletes. Similarly, SRC rates have increased, although this may be caused by concurrent policies related to better education, identification, and management. Targeting rule changes may be contributing to increased rates of player contact\textendashrelated ankle injuries. Alongside continued surveillance research to examine longitudinal time trends, more in-depth individual-level examinations of how targeting rule changes influence coaching and player behaviors are warranted. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},

keywords = {*ANKLE wounds, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE athletes, *COLLEGE sports, *EPIDEMIOLOGY, *FOOTBALL injuries, *KNEE -- Wounds \&amp; injuries, *LEG -- Wounds \&amp; injuries, *PREVENTION, *SPORTS -- Societies, ankle injury, Concussion, CONFIDENCE intervals, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, etc., football, IOWA, knee, LONGITUDINAL method, ODDS ratio, RESEARCH, RESEARCH -- Finance, RESEARCH -- Methodology, rule change, UNITED States},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Background: Sports-related concussions (SRCs) have gained increased societal interest in the past decade. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has implemented legislation and rule changes to decrease the incidence and risk of head injury impacts. The “targeting” rule forbids initiating contact with the crown of a helmet and targeting defenseless players in the head and neck area; however, there are concerns that this rule change has unintentionally led to an increased incidence of lower extremity injuries. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in lower extremity injury rates in NCAA football during the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 seasons. We hypothesized that the lower extremity injury rate has increased across the time period. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Sixty-eight NCAA football programs provided 153 team-seasons of data to the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program. Lower extremity injuries (ie, hip/groin, upper leg/thigh, knee, lower leg/Achilles, foot/toes) and SRCs sustained during NCAA football games were examined. We calculated injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) for lower extremity injuries and SRCs. Rate ratios (RRs) compared injury rates between the 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 seasons. Results: Overall, 2400 lower extremity injuries were reported during the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 seasons; most were to the knee (33.6%) and ankle (28.5%) and caused by player contact (59.2%). The lower extremity injury rate increased in 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 compared with 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 (23.55 vs 20.45/1000 AEs, respectively; RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.25). This finding was retained when restricted to injuries due to player contact (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.32) but not for injuries due to noncontact/overuse (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.80-1.14). When examining player contact injury rates by anatomic site, only ankle injuries had an increase (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.13-1.64). The SRC rate also increased in 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 compared with 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 (3.52 vs 2.63/1000 AEs, respectively; RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.66). Conclusion: The lower extremity injury rate has increased in NCAA football athletes. Similarly, SRC rates have increased, although this may be caused by concurrent policies related to better education, identification, and management. Targeting rule changes may be contributing to increased rates of player contact–related ankle injuries. Alongside continued surveillance research to examine longitudinal time trends, more in-depth individual-level examinations of how targeting rule changes influence coaching and player behaviors are warranted. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR

Moon, K; Theodore, N

Football and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: How Much Evidence Actually Exists? Journal Article

In: World Neurosurgery, vol. 89, pp. 720–721, 2016.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Alzheimer disease, amyloid beta protein, amyloid plaque, anxiety disorder, apolipoprotein E, Article, behavior disorder, Boxing, brain atrophy, brain concussion, brain degeneration, chronic disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, cognitive defect, degenerative disease, depression, environmental factor, football, frontotemporal dementia, genetic predisposition, genetic risk, genetic susceptibility, human, motor control, Neuroanatomy, opiate addiction, Parkinson disease, protein phosphorylation, scar formation, septum pellucidum, sport injury, substantia nigra, suicide, TAR DNA binding protein, tau protein, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury

Schulte, S; Rasmussen, N N; McBeth, J W; Richards, P Q; Yochem, E; Petron, D J; Strathmann, F G

Utilization of the clinical laboratory for the implementation of concussion biomarkers in collegiate football and the necessity of personalized and predictive athlete specific reference intervals Journal Article

In: EPMA Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, Article, athlete-derived reference interval, biological marker, Biomarker panel, Blood test, clinical decision making, clinical laboratory, college, collegiate athletes, Concussion, controlled study, diagnostic test accuracy study, follow up, football, health program, human, Male, neuron specific enolase, NSE, prediction, Predictive diagnostics, priority journal, protein blood level, protein S100B, rating scale, reference value, S100B, Sport-related concussion, Sports-related concussion, traumatic brain injury, validation study

@article{Schulte2016b,

title = {Utilization of the clinical laboratory for the implementation of concussion biomarkers in collegiate football and the necessity of personalized and predictive athlete specific reference intervals},

author = {Schulte, S and Rasmussen, N N and McBeth, J W and Richards, P Q and Yochem, E and Petron, D J and Strathmann, F G},

doi = {10.1186/s13167-016-0050-x},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {EPMA Journal},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

abstract = {Background: A continued interest in concussion biomarkers makes the eventual implementation of identified biomarkers into routine concussion assessment an eventual reality. We sought to develop and test an interdisciplinary approach that could be used to integrate blood-based biomarkers into the established concussion management program for a collegiate football team. Methods: We used a CLIA-certified laboratory for all testing and chose biomarkers where clinically validated testing was available as would be required for results used in clinical decision making. We summarized the existing methods and results for concussion assessment across an entire season to identify and demonstrate the challenges with the eventual integration of a parallel process using blood-based tests for concussion management. We analyzed the results of the biomarkers chosen for trends consistent with the outcome assessments provided from the current concussion management protocols. Results: Baseline samples were collected with three additional post-concussion samples collected at three separate time points from players with a diagnosed concussion (n = 12). A summary of results from currently used concussion assessment tools were compared to the representative biomarkers S100B and NSE results. Nine sport-related concussions occurred during practice and three during play. For S100B, 50% had follow-up testing results lower than the post-injury result. In contrast, 92% of NSE follow-up results were lower than post-injury. One hundred percent of the results for S100B and NSE were within the athlete-derived reference intervals upon return-to-play and season end. Conclusions: The reported workflow provides a framework for the eventual implementation of biomarkers for concussion assessment into existing assessment protocols and strengthens the need for reliance on clinical laboratory testing. Athlete-specific reference intervals will be required to adequately interpret results. © 2016 Schulte et al.},

keywords = {adult, Article, athlete-derived reference interval, biological marker, Biomarker panel, Blood test, clinical decision making, clinical laboratory, college, collegiate athletes, Concussion, controlled study, diagnostic test accuracy study, follow up, football, health program, human, Male, neuron specific enolase, NSE, prediction, Predictive diagnostics, priority journal, protein blood level, protein S100B, rating scale, reference value, S100B, Sport-related concussion, Sports-related concussion, traumatic brain injury, validation study},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Background: A continued interest in concussion biomarkers makes the eventual implementation of identified biomarkers into routine concussion assessment an eventual reality. We sought to develop and test an interdisciplinary approach that could be used to integrate blood-based biomarkers into the established concussion management program for a collegiate football team. Methods: We used a CLIA-certified laboratory for all testing and chose biomarkers where clinically validated testing was available as would be required for results used in clinical decision making. We summarized the existing methods and results for concussion assessment across an entire season to identify and demonstrate the challenges with the eventual integration of a parallel process using blood-based tests for concussion management. We analyzed the results of the biomarkers chosen for trends consistent with the outcome assessments provided from the current concussion management protocols. Results: Baseline samples were collected with three additional post-concussion samples collected at three separate time points from players with a diagnosed concussion (n = 12). A summary of results from currently used concussion assessment tools were compared to the representative biomarkers S100B and NSE results. Nine sport-related concussions occurred during practice and three during play. For S100B, 50% had follow-up testing results lower than the post-injury result. In contrast, 92% of NSE follow-up results were lower than post-injury. One hundred percent of the results for S100B and NSE were within the athlete-derived reference intervals upon return-to-play and season end. Conclusions: The reported workflow provides a framework for the eventual implementation of biomarkers for concussion assessment into existing assessment protocols and strengthens the need for reliance on clinical laboratory testing. Athlete-specific reference intervals will be required to adequately interpret results. © 2016 Schulte et al.

Noble, J M

The Long Drive Ahead to Better Understanding Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: First (Case) and 10 (Years Later) Journal Article

In: JAMA Neurology, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 263–265, 2016.

BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries, *Brain Injury, Chronic, football, Humans

Miles, Steven H; Prasad, Shailendra

Medical Ethics and School Football Journal Article

In: American Journal of Bioethics, vol. 16, pp. 6–10, 2016, ISBN: 15265161.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: BRAIN -- Wounds & injuries, football, High Schools, Medical ethics, Middle schools, WOUNDS & injuries

Kawata, K; Rubin, L H; Lee, J H; Sim, T; Takahagi, M; Szwanki, V; Bellamy, A; Darvish, K; Assari, S; Henderer, J D; Tierney, R; Langford, D

Association of football subconcussive head impacts with ocular near point of convergence Journal Article

In: JAMA Ophthalmology, vol. 134, no. 7, pp. 763–769, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Acceleration, accelerometer, adult, Article, binocular convergence, Concussion, eye movement, follow up, football, head movement, human, KINEMATICS, major clinical study, Male, mouth protector, observational study, priority journal, prospective study, traumatic brain injury, Young Adult

@article{Kawata2016,

title = {Association of football subconcussive head impacts with ocular near point of convergence},

author = {Kawata, K and Rubin, L H and Lee, J H and Sim, T and Takahagi, M and Szwanki, V and Bellamy, A and Darvish, K and Assari, S and Henderer, J D and Tierney, R and Langford, D},

doi = {10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.1085},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {JAMA Ophthalmology},

volume = {134},

number = {7},

pages = {763--769},

abstract = {IMPORTANCE An increased understanding of the relationship between subconcussive head impacts and near point of convergence (NPC) ocular-motor function may be useful in delineating traumatic brain injury. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether repetitive subconcussive head impacts during preseason football practice cause changes in NPC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective, observational study of 29 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football players included baseline and preseason practices (1 noncontact and 4 contact), and postseason follow-up and outcome measures were obtained for each time. An accelerometer-embedded mouthguard measured head impact kinematics. Based on the sum of head impacts from all 5 practices, players were categorized into lower (n = 7) or higher (n = 22) impact groups. EXPOSURES Players participated in regular practices, and all head impacts greater than 10g from the 5 practices were recorded using the i1Biometerics Vector mouthguard (i1 Biometrics Inc). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Near point of convergence measures and symptom scores. RESULTS A total of 1193 head impacts were recorded from 5 training camp practices in the 29 collegiate football players; 22 were categorized into the higher-impact group and 7 into the lower-impact group. Therewere significant differences in head impact kinematics between lower- and higher-impact groups (number of impacts, 6 vs 41 [lower impact minus higher impact = 35; 95%CI, 21-51; P \< .001]; linear acceleration, 99g vs 1112g [lower impact minus higher impact= 1013; 95%CI, 621 - 1578; P \< .001]; angular acceleration, 7589 radian/s2 vs 65016 radian/s2 [lower impact minus higher impact= 57 427; 95%CI , 31 123-80 498; P \< .001], respectively). The trajectory and cumulative burden of subconcussive impacts on NPC differed by group (F for group × linear trend1},

keywords = {Acceleration, accelerometer, adult, Article, binocular convergence, Concussion, eye movement, follow up, football, head movement, human, KINEMATICS, major clinical study, Male, mouth protector, observational study, priority journal, prospective study, traumatic brain injury, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Maite, Patricia; Ne, Kathryn; Govender, Saraswathie

Reaction time deficits incurred by Cumulative Mild Head Injury (CMHI) and Post-Concussion Symptoms (PCS) between contact and non-contact sport players: A prospective study Journal Article

In: Journal of Psychology in Africa, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 555–557, 2016, ISBN: 14330237.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletes -- Diseases, Cumulative mild head injury (CMHI), football, post-concussive symptomology (PCS), postconcussion syndrome, Symptoms, VOLLEYBALL

Reider, B

Like a pro Journal Article

In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 2199–2201, 2016.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Baseball, BASKETBALL, Concussion, femoroacetabular impingement, football, ice hockey, ulnar collateral ligament

Beiske, K K; Kostov, K H; Kostov, H

Rhythmic midtemporal discharge in a youth during light sleep Journal Article

In: Neurodiagnostic Journal, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 32–36, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, Article, Automobile Driving, Benign EEG pattern, car driving, case report, case reports, complication, computer assisted tomography, Concussion, Craniocerebral Trauma, drowsiness, EEG pattern, electroencephalogram, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy, epileptic discharge, febrile convulsion, football, Functional Laterality, head injury, hemispheric dominance, human, Humans, hyperventilation, Injuries, Light sleep, Male, neuroimaging, neurologic examination, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Pathophysiology, Patient treatment, Rhythmic midtemporal discharge, RMTD, SLEEP, Sleep research, spike wave, temporal lobe, temporal lobe epilepsy, theta rhythm, tonic clonic seizure, unconsciousness, wakefulness

Malloch-Brown, K; Mc Fie, S; Brown, J; Viljoen, W; Readhead, C

Concussion return-to-play behaviour of South African Rugby Union (SA Rugby) Youth Week players: a pilot study Journal Article

In: South African Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 43–45, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: behavior, CONCUSSION policies, football, head injury, Injury management, Medical clearance, Rugby football players, SOUTH Africa, Youth

Webner, David; Iverson, Grant L

Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years Journal Article

In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 13/14, pp. 1718–1721, 2016, ISBN: 02699052.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletes, BRAIN damage, CHRONIC diseases, CHRONIC pain, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, depression, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Research, football, Internet, Life change events, LONGITUDINAL method, MENTAL depression, MORTALITY, Professional athletes, Professional Sports, psychology, RESEARCH -- Methodology, Retirement, Retrospective Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, STRESS (Psychology), suicide, Suicide -- Risk factors, Suicide -- United States, UNITED States, WORK experience (Employment)

@article{Webner2016,

title = {Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years},

author = {Webner, David and Iverson, Grant L},

doi = {10.1080/02699052.2016.1202451},

isbn = {02699052},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Brain Injury},

volume = {30},

number = {13/14},

pages = {1718--1721},

abstract = {Objective: To examine publicly-available information on all identified cases of suicide in active or former American professional football players between 1920 and the spring of 2015. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Professional American Football in the US. Participants: A cohort of 26 702 athletes who had died, retired or were currently playing in the NFL from nfl.com since 1920 was identified. Main outcome measures: Internet queries identifying 26 professional football players who completed suicide. Obituaries and news reports were reviewed. The primary outcome measures included mortality, demographic characteristics and life circumstances in professional American football players completing suicide. Results: From 1920\textendash2015, the median age of the 26 men who completed suicide was 39.5 years (range = 23\textendash85). The median number of years after retirement was 6.5 (range = 0\textendash63). Most of the deaths since 1920 have occurred in the past 15 years (58.7%) and a large percentage have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). Most of the men suffered from multiple life stressors prior to their deaths, such as retirement from sport, loss of steady income, divorce, failed business ventures, estrangement from family members and medical, psychiatric and/or substance abuse problems. Conclusions: A disproportionate number of completed suicides in current and former professional football players have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). It is well established in the literature that the causes of depression and suicidality are diverse, often multifactorial and treatable. Providing at-risk retired athletes with mental health treatment will likely reduce their suffering and improve their quality-of-life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},

keywords = {Athletes, BRAIN damage, CHRONIC diseases, CHRONIC pain, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, depression, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Research, football, Internet, Life change events, LONGITUDINAL method, MENTAL depression, MORTALITY, Professional athletes, Professional Sports, psychology, RESEARCH -- Methodology, Retirement, Retrospective Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, STRESS (Psychology), suicide, Suicide -- Risk factors, Suicide -- United States, UNITED States, WORK experience (Employment)},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Keays, G; Friedman, D; Gagnon, I

A 20-Year Comparison of Football-Related Injuries in American and Canadian Youth Aged 6 to 17 Years: A replication study Journal Article

In: Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 603–613, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, American, Article, CANADA, Canadian, Child, children, Concussion, dislocation, emergency care, Female, football, head injury, human, Injuries, major clinical study, Male, replication study, retrospective study, skull fracture, spine fracture, sport injury, Sports, sprain, traumatic brain injury, UNITED States

Williams, J M; Langdon, J L; McMillan, J L; Buckley, T A

English professional football players concussion knowledge and attitude Journal Article

In: Journal of Sport and Health Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 197–204, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accuracy, adult, Article, attitude, behavior, Concussion, Concussion recovery, Concussion reporting, controlled study, education program, follow up, football, human, human experiment, injury severity, knowledge, mild traumatic brain injury, normal human, priority journal, psychometry, questionnaire, RISK assessment, RoCKAS, Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Surve, scoring system, semi structured interview, Young Adult

@article{Williams2016,

title = {English professional football players concussion knowledge and attitude},

author = {Williams, J M and Langdon, J L and McMillan, J L and Buckley, T A},

doi = {10.1016/j.jshs.2015.01.009},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Sport and Health Science},

volume = {5},

number = {2},

pages = {197--204},

abstract = {Background: Concussions are a common pathology in football and multiple misconceptions exist amongst the players and managers. To address these misconceptions, and potentially reduce concussion associated sequela, effective educational interventions need to be developed. However, the current knowledge and attitude status must be ascertained to appropriately develop these interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess the concussion knowledge and attitude of English professional footballers. Methods: Twenty-six participants from one English Football League Championship club completed the study. A mixed methods approach included the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS) and a semi-structured interview. The RoCKAS contains separate knowledge (0-25) and attitude (15-75) scores and was followed by a semi-structured interview consisting of concussion knowledge, attitude, and behavior related questions. Results: The mean score on the RoCKAS knowledge was 16.4 ± 2.9 (range 11-22) and the attitude score was 59.6 ± 8.5 (range 41-71). The interview responses identified inconsistencies between the RoCKAS and the intended behaviors, endorsing multiple concussion misconceptions, and revealed barriers to concussion reporting. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that Championship Level English footballers have moderate concussion knowledge, safe attitudes, and good concussion symptom recognition when assessed with pen and paper questionnaires. However, within the semi-structured interview many respondents reported unsafe concussion behaviors despite accurately identifying the potential risks. Further, multiple barriers to concussion reporting were identified which included perceived severity of the injury, game situations, and the substitution rule. These findings can help form the foundation of educational interventions to potentially improve concussion reporting behaviors amongst professional footballers. © 2016.},

keywords = {accuracy, adult, Article, attitude, behavior, Concussion, Concussion recovery, Concussion reporting, controlled study, education program, follow up, football, human, human experiment, injury severity, knowledge, mild traumatic brain injury, normal human, priority journal, psychometry, questionnaire, RISK assessment, RoCKAS, Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Surve, scoring system, semi structured interview, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Devick, Steve

Comment on article: King-Devick test reference values and associations with balance measures in high school American football players Journal Article

In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 593–594, 2016, ISBN: 09057188.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: BRAIN -- Concussion -- Diagnosis, EVALUATION, football, Posture, Reference values (Medicine)

2015

Alexander, D G; Shuttleworth-Edwards, A B; Kidd, M; Malcolm, C M

Mild traumatic brain injuries in early adolescent rugby players: Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes Journal Article

In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1113–1125, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: academic achievement, Academic performance, ADOLESCENCE, Adolescent, adolescent disease, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Child, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, Educational Status, football, human, Humans, Injuries, intelligence test, Intelligence Tests, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, major clinical study, Male, mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI, neurocognitive, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Pathophysiology, Prospective Studies, prospective study, psychologic test, psychology, rugby, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, TASK performance, traumatic brain injury, treatment outcome

@article{Alexander2015,

title = {Mild traumatic brain injuries in early adolescent rugby players: Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes},

author = {Alexander, D G and Shuttleworth-Edwards, A B and Kidd, M and Malcolm, C M},

doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1031699},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Brain Injury},

volume = {29},

number = {9},

pages = {1113--1125},

abstract = {Background: Information is scant concerning enduring brain injury effects of participation in the contact sport of Rugby Union (hereafter rugby) on early adolescents.Objective: The objective was prospectively to investigate differences between young adolescent male rugby players and non-contact sports controls on neurocognitive test performance over 3 years and academic achievement over 6 years.Method: A sample of boys from the same school and grade was divided into three groups: rugby with seasonal concussions (n = 45), rugby no seasonal concussions (n = 21) and non-contact sports controls (n = 30). Baseline neurocognitive testing was conducted pre-season in Grade 7 and post-season in Grades 8 and 9. Year-end academic grades were documented for Grades 6-9 and 12 (pre-high school to year of school leaving). A mixed model repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to investigate comparative neurocognitive and academic outcomes between the three sub-groups.Results: Compared with controls, both rugby groups were significantly lower on the WISC-III Coding Immediate Recall sub-test. There was a significant interaction effect on the academic measure, with improved scores over time for controls, that was not in evidence for either rugby group.Conclusions: Tentatively, the outcome suggests cognitive vulnerability in association with school level participation in rugby. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},

keywords = {academic achievement, Academic performance, ADOLESCENCE, Adolescent, adolescent disease, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Child, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, Educational Status, football, human, Humans, Injuries, intelligence test, Intelligence Tests, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, major clinical study, Male, mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI, neurocognitive, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Pathophysiology, Prospective Studies, prospective study, psychologic test, psychology, rugby, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, TASK performance, traumatic brain injury, treatment outcome},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Ellis, M J; Cordingley, D; Vis, S; Reimer, K; Leiter, J; Russell, K

Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in pediatric sports-related concussion Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 248–255, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, amnesia, Article, Athletic Injuries, Baseball, BASKETBALL, blurred vision, brain concussion, CANADA, Child, childhood disease, cohort analysis, complication, Concussion, consultation, controlled study, disease duration, Dizziness, Female, follow up, football, Hockey, human, Humans, interdisciplinary communication, major clinical study, Male, Manitoba, migraine, neuroimaging, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, ODDS ratio, Pathophysiology, Pediatric, Physical Examination, physiotherapy, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Prevalence, priority journal, Reflex, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, return to sport, saccadic eye movement, skating, skiing, Soccer, sport injury, sport related concussion, Sports-related concussion, Trauma, vestibular physiotherapy, Vestibular therapy, vestibulo ocular dysfunction, Vestibulo-Ocular, Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction, vestibuloocular reflex, VOLLEYBALL, Young Adult, youth sport

@article{Ellis2015,

title = {Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in pediatric sports-related concussion},

author = {Ellis, M J and Cordingley, D and Vis, S and Reimer, K and Leiter, J and Russell, K},

doi = {10.3171/2015.1.PEDS14524},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics},

volume = {16},

number = {3},

pages = {248--255},

abstract = {Object The objective of this study was 2-fold: 1) to examine the prevalence of vestibulo-ocular dysfunction (VOD) among children and adolescents with acute sports-related concussion (SRC) and postconcussion syndrome (PCS) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program; and 2) to determine if VOD is associated with the development of PCS in this cohort. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients with acute SRC (presenting 30 days or less postinjury) and PCS (3 or more symptoms for at least 1 month) referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and July 2014. Initial assessment included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale assessment. Patients were also assessed for VOD, which was defined as more than one subjective vestibular and oculomotor complaint (dizziness, blurred vision, and so on) and more than one objective physical examination finding (abnormal smooth pursuits, saccades, vestibulo-ocular reflex, and so on). This study was approved by the local institutional ethics review board. Results A total of 101 patients (mean age 14.2 years, SD 2.3 years; 63 male and 38 female patients) participated, including 77 (76.2%) with acute SRC and 24 (23.8%) with PCS. Twenty-two of the 77 patients (28.6%) with acute SRC and 15 of the 24 (62.5%) with PCS met the clinical criteria for VOD. The median duration of symptoms was 40 days (interquartile range [IQR] 28.5-54 days) for patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with 21 days (IQR 13-32 days) for those without VOD (p = 0.0001). There was a statistically significant increase in the adjusted odds of developing PCS among patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with those without VOD (adjusted OR 4.10; 95% CI 1.04-16.16). Conclusions Evidence of VOD was detected in a significant proportion of children and adolescents with acute SRC and PCS who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. This clinical feature was a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of PCS in this pediatric acute SRC cohort. © AANS, 2015.},

keywords = {Adolescent, amnesia, Article, Athletic Injuries, Baseball, BASKETBALL, blurred vision, brain concussion, CANADA, Child, childhood disease, cohort analysis, complication, Concussion, consultation, controlled study, disease duration, Dizziness, Female, follow up, football, Hockey, human, Humans, interdisciplinary communication, major clinical study, Male, Manitoba, migraine, neuroimaging, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, ODDS ratio, Pathophysiology, Pediatric, Physical Examination, physiotherapy, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Prevalence, priority journal, Reflex, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, return to sport, saccadic eye movement, skating, skiing, Soccer, sport injury, sport related concussion, Sports-related concussion, Trauma, vestibular physiotherapy, Vestibular therapy, vestibulo ocular dysfunction, Vestibulo-Ocular, Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction, vestibuloocular reflex, VOLLEYBALL, Young Adult, youth sport},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Object The objective of this study was 2-fold: 1) to examine the prevalence of vestibulo-ocular dysfunction (VOD) among children and adolescents with acute sports-related concussion (SRC) and postconcussion syndrome (PCS) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program; and 2) to determine if VOD is associated with the development of PCS in this cohort. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients with acute SRC (presenting 30 days or less postinjury) and PCS (3 or more symptoms for at least 1 month) referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and July 2014. Initial assessment included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale assessment. Patients were also assessed for VOD, which was defined as more than one subjective vestibular and oculomotor complaint (dizziness, blurred vision, and so on) and more than one objective physical examination finding (abnormal smooth pursuits, saccades, vestibulo-ocular reflex, and so on). This study was approved by the local institutional ethics review board. Results A total of 101 patients (mean age 14.2 years, SD 2.3 years; 63 male and 38 female patients) participated, including 77 (76.2%) with acute SRC and 24 (23.8%) with PCS. Twenty-two of the 77 patients (28.6%) with acute SRC and 15 of the 24 (62.5%) with PCS met the clinical criteria for VOD. The median duration of symptoms was 40 days (interquartile range [IQR] 28.5-54 days) for patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with 21 days (IQR 13-32 days) for those without VOD (p = 0.0001). There was a statistically significant increase in the adjusted odds of developing PCS among patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with those without VOD (adjusted OR 4.10; 95% CI 1.04-16.16). Conclusions Evidence of VOD was detected in a significant proportion of children and adolescents with acute SRC and PCS who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. This clinical feature was a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of PCS in this pediatric acute SRC cohort. © AANS, 2015.

Hendricks, S; O’Connor, S; Lambert, M; Brown, J; Burger, N; Fie, S M; Readhead, C; Viljoen, W

Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament Journal Article

In: European Journal of Sport Science, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 557–564, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Concussion, football, human, Humans, Injury and prevention, measurement, PHYSIOLOGY, Skill, team sport, videorecording, Videotape Recording

@article{Hendricks2015,

title = {Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament},

author = {Hendricks, S and O’Connor, S and Lambert, M and Brown, J and Burger, N and Fie, S M and Readhead, C and Viljoen, W},

doi = {10.1080/17461391.2015.1046192},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {European Journal of Sport Science},

volume = {15},

number = {6},

pages = {557--564},

abstract = {In rugby union, understanding the techniques and events leading to concussions is important because of the nature of the injury and the severity and potential long-term consequences, particularly in junior players. Proper contact technique is a prerequisite for successful participation in rugby and is a major factor associated with injury. However, the execution of proper contact technique and its relationship to injury has yet to be studied in matches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare contact techniques leading to concussion with a representative sample of similarly matched non-injury (NI) contact events. Injury surveillance was conducted at the 2011-2013 under-18 Craven Week Rugby tournaments. Video footage of 10 concussive events (5 tackle, 4 ruck and 1 aerial collision) and 83 NI events were identified (19 tackle, 61 ruck and 3 aerial collisions). Thereafter, each phase of play was analysed using standardised technical proficiency criteria. Overall score for ruck proficiency in concussive events was 5.67 (out of a total of 15) vs. 6.98 for NI events (n = 54) (effect size = 0.52, small). Overall average score for tackler proficiency was 7.25 (n = 4) and 6.67 (n = 15) for injury and NI tackles, respectively (out of 16) (effect size = 0.19, trivial). This is the first study to compare concussion injury contact technique to a player-matched sample of NI contact techniques. Certain individual technical criteria had an effect towards an NI outcome, and others had an effect towards a concussive event, highlighting that failure to execute certain techniques may substantially increase the opportunity for concussion. © 2015 European College of Sport Science.},

keywords = {Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Concussion, football, human, Humans, Injury and prevention, measurement, PHYSIOLOGY, Skill, team sport, videorecording, Videotape Recording},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Marinides, Z; Galetta, K M; Andrews, C N; Wilson, J A; Herman, D C; Robinson, C D; Smith, M S; Bentley, B C; Galetta, S L; Balcer, L J; Clugston, J R

Vision testing is additive to the sideline assessment of sports-related concussion Journal Article

In: Neurology: Clinical Practice, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 25–34, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, athlete, Balance Error Scoring System, brain concussion, clinical assessment, Female, football, human, King Devick Test, major clinical study, Male, priority journal, Soccer, sport injury, Standardized Assessment of Concussion, vision test

Meehan, W P; Jordaan, M; Prabhu, S P; Carew, L; Mannix, R C; Proctor, M R

Risk of athletes with chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries during sports participation is low Journal Article

In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 133–137, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Arnold Chiari malformation, Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, BASKETBALL, Brain Injuries, cerebrospinal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid flow, Child, cohort analysis, Cohort Studies, coma, Concussion, Death, descriptive research, digestive tract parameters, Female, football, foramen magnum, human, Humans, ice hockey, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, major clinical study, Male, MORTALITY, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, paralysis, paresthesia, pathology, patient participation, priority journal, questionnaire, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, RISK assessment, risk factor, Soccer, sport injury, Surveys and Questionnaires, terminal disease, Young Adult

@article{Meehan2015,

title = {Risk of athletes with chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries during sports participation is low},

author = {Meehan, W P and Jordaan, M and Prabhu, S P and Carew, L and Mannix, R C and Proctor, M R},

doi = {10.1097/JSM.0000000000000107},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},

volume = {25},

number = {2},

pages = {133--137},

abstract = {Objective: To estimate the risk of athletes with Chiari malformations sustaining a catastrophic injury. Design: Retrospective, descriptive cohort study. Participants: All patients diagnosed with Chiari malformation at our institution between June 2008 and November 2011. Assessment of Risk Factors: Participants were mailed a questionnaire regarding the number of seasons they participated in organized athletics. Magnetic resonance images were reviewed to describe the characteristics of respondent's Chiari malformations. Main Outcome Measures: Whether or not the patient had sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Results: We had a 53% (N = 147) response rate. Respondents were of a mean age of 15 years (SD, 2 years) at the time of diagnosis. The mean length of protrusion of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum was 11.2 mm (SD, 5.7 mm). Most of the respondents had pointed cerebellar tonsils and some degree of crowding within the foramen magnum. During a total of 1627 athletic seasons played by patients with Chiari malformation, 0 respondents [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.0000-0.0023] sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Likewise, during 191 collision sport athletic seasons, 0 (95% CI, 0.0000-0.0191) respondents sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Conclusions: The risk of athletes with Chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries during sports participation is low. This estimate of risk should be considered when making return-toplay decisions. Given the variability of anatomical consideration for patients with Chiari malformations, however, each return-to-play decision must continue to be made on a case-by-case basis, considering all of the available information. Clinical Relevance: The low risk of athletes with Chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries in sports should be considered when making return-to-play decisions. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Arnold Chiari malformation, Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, BASKETBALL, Brain Injuries, cerebrospinal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid flow, Child, cohort analysis, Cohort Studies, coma, Concussion, Death, descriptive research, digestive tract parameters, Female, football, foramen magnum, human, Humans, ice hockey, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, major clinical study, Male, MORTALITY, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, paralysis, paresthesia, pathology, patient participation, priority journal, questionnaire, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, RISK assessment, risk factor, Soccer, sport injury, Surveys and Questionnaires, terminal disease, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Objective: To estimate the risk of athletes with Chiari malformations sustaining a catastrophic injury. Design: Retrospective, descriptive cohort study. Participants: All patients diagnosed with Chiari malformation at our institution between June 2008 and November 2011. Assessment of Risk Factors: Participants were mailed a questionnaire regarding the number of seasons they participated in organized athletics. Magnetic resonance images were reviewed to describe the characteristics of respondent's Chiari malformations. Main Outcome Measures: Whether or not the patient had sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Results: We had a 53% (N = 147) response rate. Respondents were of a mean age of 15 years (SD, 2 years) at the time of diagnosis. The mean length of protrusion of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum was 11.2 mm (SD, 5.7 mm). Most of the respondents had pointed cerebellar tonsils and some degree of crowding within the foramen magnum. During a total of 1627 athletic seasons played by patients with Chiari malformation, 0 respondents [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.0000-0.0023] sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Likewise, during 191 collision sport athletic seasons, 0 (95% CI, 0.0000-0.0191) respondents sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Conclusions: The risk of athletes with Chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries during sports participation is low. This estimate of risk should be considered when making return-toplay decisions. Given the variability of anatomical consideration for patients with Chiari malformations, however, each return-to-play decision must continue to be made on a case-by-case basis, considering all of the available information. Clinical Relevance: The low risk of athletes with Chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries in sports should be considered when making return-to-play decisions. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Corboy, J R

Cannabis to concussion Journal Article

In: Neurology: Clinical Practice, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 273, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Acquired brain injury, act, athlete, brain disease, cerebrovascular accident, chronic disease, clinical practice, Concussion, football, human, medical cannabis, medically uninsured, migraine, neurologist, nurse practitioner, physician assistant, policy, priority journal, Review

Anonymous,

Tackling in youth football Journal Article

In: Pediatrics, vol. 136, no. 5, pp. e1419–e1430, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, ankle injury, athlete, Athletic Injuries, causal attribution, Child, Concussion, contusion, Craniocerebral Trauma, disease association, football, hand injury, head and neck injury, human, Humans, Injuries, injury severity, knee injury, muscle training, Neck Injuries, Neck muscle, nonhuman, Preschool, preschool child, priority journal, protective equipment, quadriplegia, Review, sport injury, standards, strategic planning

Asplund, C A; Kutcher, J S

Syncope in athletes of neurological origin: 2B. From personal history and physical examination sections Journal Article

In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 256–257, 2015.

BibTeX | Tags: *Athletes, *Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], *Heat Stroke/di [Diagnosis], *Psychophysiologic Disorders/di [Diagnosis], *Seizures/di [Diagnosis], *Syncope, Accidental Falls, Adolescent, Brain Concussion/co [Complications], DIAGNOSIS, Differential, Female, football, Heat Stroke/co [Complications], Humans, Male, MEDICAL history taking, Psychophysiologic Disorders/co [Complications], Running, Seizures/co [Complications], Vasovagal/et [Etiology], Young Adult

Seidman, Daniel H; Burlingame, Jennifer; Yousif, Lina R; Donahue, Xinh P; Krier, Joshua; Rayes, Lydia J; Young, Rachel; Lilla, Muareen; Mazurek, Rochelle; Hittle, Kristie; McCloskey, Charles; Misra, Saroj; Shaw, Michael K

'Evaluation of the King–Devick Test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' Corrigendum Journal Article

In: Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 358, no. 1-2, pp. 540, 2015, ISBN: 0022-510X.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 2015, Athletes, diffuse axonal injury, football, High Schools, Neuropsychological assessment, Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Concussion Syndrome, screening, traumatic brain injury, Visual motor coordination

@article{Seidman2015a,

title = {'Evaluation of the King\textendashDevick Test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' Corrigendum},

author = {Seidman, Daniel H and Burlingame, Jennifer and Yousif, Lina R and Donahue, Xinh P and Krier, Joshua and Rayes, Lydia J and Young, Rachel and Lilla, Muareen and Mazurek, Rochelle and Hittle, Kristie and McCloskey, Charles and Misra, Saroj and Shaw, Michael K},

doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.348},

isbn = {0022-510X},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of the Neurological Sciences},

volume = {358},

number = {1-2},

pages = {540},

publisher = {Elsevier Science},

address = {Netherlands},

abstract = {Reports an error in 'Evaluation of the King\textendashDevick test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' by Daniel H. Seidman, Jennifer Burlingame, Lina R. Yousif, Xinh P. Donahue, Joshua Krier, Lydia J. Rayes, Rachel Young, Muareen Lilla, Rochelle Mazurek, Kristie Hittle, Charles McCloskey, Saroj Misra and Michael K. Shaw (Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2015[Sep][15], Vol 356[1-2], 97-101). In the original article, there was an error in the third paragraph. The sentence originally read 'The test subject reads a series of numbers in right-to-left and up-to-down order on three test cards.' This should read: 'The test subject reads a series of numbers in left-to-right and up-to-down order on three test cards.' The correction is present in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2015-27894-001[/rid]). Objective: Concussion is the most common type of traumatic brain injury, and results from impact or impulsive forces to the head, neck or face. Due to the variability and subtlety of symptoms, concussions may go unrecognized or be ignored, especially with the pressure placed on athletes to return to competition. The King\textendashDevick (KD) test, an oculomotor test originally designed for reading evaluation, was recently validated as a concussion screening tool in collegiate athletes. A prospective study was performed using high school football players in an attempt to study the KD as a concussion screening tool in this younger population. Methods: 343 athletes from four local high school football teams were recruited to participate. These athletes were given baseline KD tests prior to competition. Individual demographic information was collected on the subjects. Standard team protocol was employed to determine if a concussion had occurred during competition. Immediately after diagnosis, the KD test was re-administered to the concussed athlete for comparison to baseline. Post-season testing was also performed in non-concussed individuals. Results: Of the 343 athletes, nine were diagnosed with concussions. In all concussed players, cumulative read times for the KD test were significantly increased (p \< 0.001). Post-season testing of non-concussed athletes revealed minimal change in read times relative to baseline. Univariate analysis revealed that history of concussion was the only demographic factor predictive of concussion in this cohort. Conclusion: The KD test is an accurate and easily administered sideline screening tool for concussion in adolescent football players. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},

keywords = {2015, Athletes, diffuse axonal injury, football, High Schools, Neuropsychological assessment, Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Concussion Syndrome, screening, traumatic brain injury, Visual motor coordination},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Reports an error in 'Evaluation of the King–Devick test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' by Daniel H. Seidman, Jennifer Burlingame, Lina R. Yousif, Xinh P. Donahue, Joshua Krier, Lydia J. Rayes, Rachel Young, Muareen Lilla, Rochelle Mazurek, Kristie Hittle, Charles McCloskey, Saroj Misra and Michael K. Shaw (Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2015[Sep][15], Vol 356[1-2], 97-101). In the original article, there was an error in the third paragraph. The sentence originally read 'The test subject reads a series of numbers in right-to-left and up-to-down order on three test cards.' This should read: 'The test subject reads a series of numbers in left-to-right and up-to-down order on three test cards.' The correction is present in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2015-27894-001[/rid]). Objective: Concussion is the most common type of traumatic brain injury, and results from impact or impulsive forces to the head, neck or face. Due to the variability and subtlety of symptoms, concussions may go unrecognized or be ignored, especially with the pressure placed on athletes to return to competition. The King–Devick (KD) test, an oculomotor test originally designed for reading evaluation, was recently validated as a concussion screening tool in collegiate athletes. A prospective study was performed using high school football players in an attempt to study the KD as a concussion screening tool in this younger population. Methods: 343 athletes from four local high school football teams were recruited to participate. These athletes were given baseline KD tests prior to competition. Individual demographic information was collected on the subjects. Standard team protocol was employed to determine if a concussion had occurred during competition. Immediately after diagnosis, the KD test was re-administered to the concussed athlete for comparison to baseline. Post-season testing was also performed in non-concussed individuals. Results: Of the 343 athletes, nine were diagnosed with concussions. In all concussed players, cumulative read times for the KD test were significantly increased (p < 0.001). Post-season testing of non-concussed athletes revealed minimal change in read times relative to baseline. Univariate analysis revealed that history of concussion was the only demographic factor predictive of concussion in this cohort. Conclusion: The KD test is an accurate and easily administered sideline screening tool for concussion in adolescent football players. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)

Steiner, M E; Berkstresser, B D; Richardson, L; Elia, G; Wang, F

Full-Contact Practice and Injuries in College Football Journal Article

In: Sports Health, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 217–223, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Concussions, football, Injuries, injury exposures

@article{Steiner2015,

title = {Full-Contact Practice and Injuries in College Football},

author = {Steiner, M E and Berkstresser, B D and Richardson, L and Elia, G and Wang, F},

doi = {10.1177/1941738115626689},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Sports Health},

volume = {8},

number = {3},

pages = {217--223},

abstract = {Background: Despite recent restrictions being placed on practice in college football, there are little data to correlate such changes with injuries. Hypothesis: Football injuries will correlate with a team’s exposure to full-contact practice, total practice, and total games. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: All injuries and athlete injury exposures (AE × Min = athletes exposed × activity duration in minutes) were recorded for an intercollegiate football team over 4 consecutive fall seasons. Weekly injuries and injury rates (injuries per athletic injury exposure) were correlated with the weekly exposures to full-contact practices, total practices, formal scrimmages, and games. Results: The preseason practice injury rate was over twice the in-season practice injury rate (P \< 0.001). For preseason, injury exposures were higher for full-contact practice (P = 0.0166), total practices (P = 0.015), and scrimmages/games (P = 0.034) compared with in-season. Preseason and in-season practice injuries correlated with exposure to full-contact practice combined with scrimmages for preseason (P \< 0.008) and full-contact practice combined with games for in-season (P = 0.0325). The game injury rate was over 6 times greater than the practice injury rate (P \< 0.0001). Concussions constituted 14.5% of all injuries, and the incidence of concussions correlated with the incidence of all injuries (P = 0.0001). Strength training did not correlate with injuries. Conclusion: Decreased exposure to full-contact practice may decrease the incidence of practice injuries and practice concussions. However, the game injury rate was over 6 times greater than the practice injury rate and had an inverse correlation with full-contact practice. © 2016, 2016 The Author(s).},

keywords = {Concussions, football, Injuries, injury exposures},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Fuller, C W; Jones, R; Fuller, A D

Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas Journal Article

In: Injury Prevention, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 309–313, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accident prevention, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Competitive Behavior, Environment Design, environmental planning, exercise, football, human, Humans, Incidence, Male, Physical Conditioning, physical education, Physical Education and Training, procedures, risk factor, Risk Factors, Sprains and Strains, VIDEO recording, videorecording

@article{Fuller2015ab,

title = {Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas},

author = {Fuller, C W and Jones, R and Fuller, A D},

doi = {10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041587},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Injury Prevention},

volume = {21},

number = {5},

pages = {309--313},

abstract = {Objectives To identify the circumstances in which international rugby players exit the playing area during match activities and to define a safe run-off distance around the playing area. Method An observational study using video recordings of 102 matches associated with the Rugby World Cup (2011), Rugby Championship (2013, 2014) and Six Nations Championship (2013, 2014) were used to analyse every event in which one or more players exited the playing area during normal match activities. The circumstances in which a player exited the playing area were categorised using a range of parameters: playing position, location, out-of-play region, match activity, distance travelled over the touchline, contacts made with pitchside fixtures and fittings. Results Ninety-five per cent of player-excursions took place within 5.2 m of the touchline. Players exiting the playing area were nearly three times more likely to be a back than a forward (p\<0.001) and the event was more likely to take place when a team was defending than attacking (p\<0.001). Being forced out of play during a contact event (70%) was the major reason for players exiting the playing area. Most players (88%) exiting the playing area only made contact with the perimeter area surface; a small proportion of players contacted touchline flags (6.1%), advertising boards (2.3%) and TV cameras/equipment (1.0%). Conclusions A minimum hazard-free distance of 5 m around a Rugby pitch is proposed based on the 95% percentile frequency distribution of player-excursion events into the areas contiguous with the playing area. © 2015 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {Accident prevention, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Competitive Behavior, Environment Design, environmental planning, exercise, football, human, Humans, Incidence, Male, Physical Conditioning, physical education, Physical Education and Training, procedures, risk factor, Risk Factors, Sprains and Strains, VIDEO recording, videorecording},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S

The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head Journal Article

In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level

@article{Patton2015,

title = {The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head},

author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S and Kleiven, S},

doi = {10.1123/jab.2014-0223},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},

volume = {31},

number = {4},

pages = {264--268},

abstract = {Biomechanical studies of concussions have progressed from qualitative observations of head impacts to physical and numerical reconstructions, direct impact measurements, and finite element analyses. Supplementary to a previous study, which investigated maximum principal strain, the current study used a detailed finite element head model to simulate unhelmeted concussion and no-injury head impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of various tissue-level brain injury predictors: strain rate, product of strain and strain rate, cumulative strain damage measure, von Mises stress, and intracranial pressure. Von Mises stress was found to be the most effective predictor of concussion. It was also found that the thalamus and corpus callosum were brain regions with strong associations with concussion. Tentative tolerance limits for tissue-level predictors were proposed in an attempt to broaden the understanding of unhelmeted concussions. For the thalamus, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 2.24 kPa, 24.0 s-1, and 2.49 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. For the corpus callosum, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 3.51 kPa, 25.1 s-1, and 2.76 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.},

keywords = {Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Brown, J C; Viljoen, W; Lambert, M I; Readhead, C; Fuller, C; Van Mechelen, W; Verhagen, E

The economic burden of time-loss injuries to youth players participating in week-long rugby union tournaments Journal Article

In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 394–399, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Absenteeism, Adolescent, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, Back Injuries, biokinetics, bone, Child, competition, Concussion, contusion, Craniocerebral Trauma, economic evaluation, economics, follow up, football, Football/economics, Football/economics/cost analysis, Football/injuries (MeSH terms), fracture, Fractures, head injury, Health, health care cost, Health Care Costs, health insurance, human, Humans, Injuries, injury, injury scale, Insurance, laceration, legal guardian, Lower Extremity, lower limb, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL care, muscle cramp, muscle strain, Neck Injuries, neck injury, Occupational Therapy, Parent, physical medicine, physiotherapy, radiodiagnosis, rugby, skin bruising, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, Trauma Severity Indices, Upper Extremity, upper limb, Wounds and Injuries

@article{Brown2015b,

title = {The economic burden of time-loss injuries to youth players participating in week-long rugby union tournaments},

author = {Brown, J C and Viljoen, W and Lambert, M I and Readhead, C and Fuller, C and {Van Mechelen}, W and Verhagen, E},

doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2014.06.015},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},

volume = {18},

number = {4},

pages = {394--399},

abstract = {Objectives: Rugby Union ("rugby") is a popular sport with high injury risk. Burden of injury is described by the incidence and severity of injury. However reports have ignored the monetary cost of injuries. Therefore the aim of this study was to describe the monetary cost associated with youth rugby injuries. Design: This descriptive study quantified medical treatments of injured players at the South African Rugby Union Youth tournaments in 2011/2012 and the days of work parents missed as a result of the injuries. A health insurer used these data to calculate associated costs. Methods: Legal guardians of the 421 injured players were contacted telephonically on a weekly basis until they returned to play. Treatments costs were estimated in South African Rands based on 2013 insurance rates and converted to US$ using purchasing power parities. Results: Of the 3652 players, 2% (n=71) sought medical care after the tournament. For these players, average treatment costs were high (US$731 per player, 95% CI: US$425-US$1096), with fractures being the most expensive type of injury. Players with medical insurance had higher costs (US$937, 95% CI: US$486-US$1500) than those without (US$220, 95% CI: US$145-US$302). Conclusions: Although a minority of players sought follow-up treatment after the tournaments, the cost of these injuries was high. Players without medical insurance having lower costs may indicate that these players did not receive adequate treatment for their injuries. Injury prevention efforts should consider injuries with high costs and the treatment of players without medical insurance. © 2014 Sports Medicine Australia.},

keywords = {Absenteeism, Adolescent, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, Back Injuries, biokinetics, bone, Child, competition, Concussion, contusion, Craniocerebral Trauma, economic evaluation, economics, follow up, football, Football/economics, Football/economics/cost analysis, Football/injuries (MeSH terms), fracture, Fractures, head injury, Health, health care cost, Health Care Costs, health insurance, human, Humans, Injuries, injury, injury scale, Insurance, laceration, legal guardian, Lower Extremity, lower limb, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL care, muscle cramp, muscle strain, Neck Injuries, neck injury, Occupational Therapy, Parent, physical medicine, physiotherapy, radiodiagnosis, rugby, skin bruising, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, Trauma Severity Indices, Upper Extremity, upper limb, Wounds and Injuries},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Timpka, T; Jacobsson, J; Ekberg, J; Finch, C F; Bichenbach, J; Edouard, P; Bargoria, V; Branco, P; Alonso, J M

Meta-narrative analysis of sports injury reporting practices based on the Injury Definitions Concept Framework (IDCF): A review of consensus statements and epidemiological studies in athletics (track and field) Journal Article

In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 643–650, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accident, athletic performance, clinical examination, competition, Concussion, Consensus, Epidemiologic Methods, epidemiological data, EPIDEMIOLOGY, football, head injury, health service, human, Humans, information processing, Injuries, Medline, meta analysis, METHODOLOGY, musculoskeletal disease, neck injury, nomenclature, Overuse injuries, physical education, procedures, Qualitative methods, Research Design, Review, self report, sport injury, Sports epidemiology, sports injury, SPORTS medicine, Systematic Review, tennis, Terminology, Terminology as Topic, track and field, training

@article{Timpka2015,

title = {Meta-narrative analysis of sports injury reporting practices based on the Injury Definitions Concept Framework (IDCF): A review of consensus statements and epidemiological studies in athletics (track and field)},

author = {Timpka, T and Jacobsson, J and Ekberg, J and Finch, C F and Bichenbach, J and Edouard, P and Bargoria, V and Branco, P and Alonso, J M},

doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.393},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},

volume = {18},

number = {6},

pages = {643--650},

abstract = {Objectives: Consistency in routines for reporting injury has been a focus of development efforts in sports epidemiology for a long time. To gain an improved understanding of current reporting practices, we applied the Injury Definitions Concept Framework (IDCF) in a review of injury reporting in a subset of the field. Design: Meta-narrative review. Methods: An analysis of injury definitions reported in consensus statements for different sports and studies of injury epidemiology in athletics (track and field) published in PubMed between 1980 and 2013 was performed. Separate narratives for each of the three reporting contexts in the IDCF were constructed from the data. Results: Six consensus statements and 14 studies reporting on athletics injury epidemiology fulfilled the selection criteria. The narratives on sports performance, clinical examination, and athlete self-report contexts were evenly represented in the eligible studies. The sports performance and athlete self-report narratives covered both professional and community athletes as well as training and competition settings. In the clinical examination narrative, data collection by health service professionals was linked to studies of professional athletes at international championships. Conclusions: From an application of the IDCF in a review of injury reporting in sports epidemiology we observed a parallel usage of reporting contexts in this field of research. The co-existence of reporting methodologies does not necessarily reflect a problematic situation, but only provided that firm precautions are taken when comparing studies performed in the different contexts. © 2014 Sports Medicine Australia.},

keywords = {accident, athletic performance, clinical examination, competition, Concussion, Consensus, Epidemiologic Methods, epidemiological data, EPIDEMIOLOGY, football, head injury, health service, human, Humans, information processing, Injuries, Medline, meta analysis, METHODOLOGY, musculoskeletal disease, neck injury, nomenclature, Overuse injuries, physical education, procedures, Qualitative methods, Research Design, Review, self report, sport injury, Sports epidemiology, sports injury, SPORTS medicine, Systematic Review, tennis, Terminology, Terminology as Topic, track and field, training},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Alworth, M; Bond, M C; Brady, W J

The sports medicine literature 2013 Journal Article

In: American Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1283–1287, 2015.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: achilles tendon rupture, athlete, Athletic Injuries, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycar, cause of death, cervical spine injury, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, commotio cordis, Concussion, electrocardiogram, Emergency Medicine, emergency physician, emergency ward, endotracheal intubation, football, head injury, health care quality, heart ventricle tachycardia, human, Humans, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ice hockey, injury severity, long QT syndrome, memory assessment, myocarditis, neurologic examination, practice guideline, priority journal, resuscitation, retrograde amnesia, Review, sleep disorder, SPORTS medicine, sudden cardiac death, sudden death, traumatic brain injury, UNITED States

Edlow, B L; Hinson, H E

Blowing the whistle on sports concussions Journal Article

In: Neurology, vol. 85, no. 17, pp. 1442–1443, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Alzheimer disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Concussion, contact sport, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, football, functional magnetic resonance imaging, histopathology, Hockey, human, memory disorder, mood disorder, pathogenesis, Pathophysiology, priority journal, Review, rugby, Soccer, sport injury, sports concussion, traumatic brain injury, wrestling

2014

Buzas, David; Jacobson, Nathan A; Morawa, Lawrence G

Concussions From 9 Youth Organized Sports: Results From NEISS Hospitals Over an 11-Year Time Frame, 2002-2012 Journal Article

In: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, pp. 1–8, 2014.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: ADOLESCENCE, Adolescent Health, Age Factors, Athletic Injuries -- Epidemiology -- In Infancy an, Baseball, BASKETBALL, Brain Concussion -- Epidemiology -- In Infancy and, Child, Child Health, Data Analysis Software, descriptive research, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Disease Surveillance, emergency care, Epidemiological Research, Female, football, Gymnastics, Hockey, human, Male, MICHIGAN, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Preschool, Prospective Studies, Racquet Sports, Soccer, unconsciousness, UNITED States, wrestling

Montenigro, P H; Baugh, C M; Daneshvar, D H; Mez, J; Budson, A E; Au, R; Katz, D I; Cantu, R C; Stern, R A

Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome Journal Article

In: Alzheimer's Research and Therapy, vol. 6, no. 5-8, 2014.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Anxiety, apathy, ataxia, ataxic gait, attention, attention disturbance, behavior disorder, blunted affect, Boxing, chronic brain disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy aggression, clinical feature, clonus, cognitive defect, contact sport, delusion, Dementia, depression, depth perception, differential diagnosis, disease classification, dysarthria, dysgraphia, euphoria, executive function, fatigue, football, hopelessness, human, ice hockey, impulsiveness, insomnia, intelligence, irritability, language disability, mania, medical literature, memory disorder, mental concentration, mental instability, mood disorder, muscle weakness, neurologic gait disorder, paranoia, Parkinsonism, personality disorder, physical violence, preventive medicine, psychosis, Research Diagnostic Criteria, Review, risk factor, shuffling gait, social disability, social isolation, spastic gait, spasticity, speech disorder, sport injury, suicidal ideation, traumatic brain injury, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, tremor, unsteady gait, violence, wrestling

@article{Montenigro2014,

title = {Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome},

author = {Montenigro, P H and Baugh, C M and Daneshvar, D H and Mez, J and Budson, A E and Au, R and Katz, D I and Cantu, R C and Stern, R A},

url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84908410645\&partnerID=40\&md5=bab59baeecd5adb22d0f84a4ce99bd5c},

doi = {10.1186/s13195-014-0068-z},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Alzheimer's Research and Therapy},

volume = {6},

number = {5-8},

abstract = {The long-term consequences of repetitive head impacts have been described since the early 20th century. Terms such as punch drunk and dementia pugilistica were first used to describe the clinical syndromes experienced by boxers. A more generic designation, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), has been employed since the mid-1900s and has been used in recent years to describe a neurodegenerative disease found not just in boxers but in American football players, other contact sport athletes, military veterans, and others with histories of repetitive brain trauma, including concussions and subconcussive trauma. This article reviews the literature of the clinical manifestations of CTE from 202 published cases. The clinical features include impairments in mood (for example, depression and hopelessness), behavior (for example, explosivity and violence), cognition (for example, impaired memory, executive functioning, attention, and dementia), and, less commonly, motor functioning (for example, parkinsonism, ataxia, and dysarthria). We present proposed research criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) which consist of four variants or subtypes (TES behavioral/mood variant, TES cognitive variant, TES mixed variant, and TES dementia) as well as classifications of 'probable CTE' and 'possible CTE'. These proposed criteria are expected to be modified and updated as new research findings become available. They are not meant to be used for a clinical diagnosis. Rather, they should be viewed as research criteria that can be employed in studies of the underlying causes, risk factors, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CTE and related disorders. © 2014 Montenigro et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},

keywords = {Anxiety, apathy, ataxia, ataxic gait, attention, attention disturbance, behavior disorder, blunted affect, Boxing, chronic brain disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy aggression, clinical feature, clonus, cognitive defect, contact sport, delusion, Dementia, depression, depth perception, differential diagnosis, disease classification, dysarthria, dysgraphia, euphoria, executive function, fatigue, football, hopelessness, human, ice hockey, impulsiveness, insomnia, intelligence, irritability, language disability, mania, medical literature, memory disorder, mental concentration, mental instability, mood disorder, muscle weakness, neurologic gait disorder, paranoia, Parkinsonism, personality disorder, physical violence, preventive medicine, psychosis, Research Diagnostic Criteria, Review, risk factor, shuffling gait, social disability, social isolation, spastic gait, spasticity, speech disorder, sport injury, suicidal ideation, traumatic brain injury, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, tremor, unsteady gait, violence, wrestling},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Gandy, S; Ikonomovic, M D; Mitsis, E; Elder, G; Ahlers, S T; Barth, J; Stone, J R; Dekosky, S T

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Clinical-biomarker correlations and current concepts in pathogenesis Journal Article

In: Molecular Neurodegeneration, vol. 9, no. 1, 2014.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: animal model, army, Article, blast injury, body fluid, Boxing, chronic disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy biological marker, Dementia, dementia pugilistica, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, executive function, experimental animal, fluorine 18, football, functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional neuroimaging, human, molecular pathology, neuropathology, neuropsychology, nonhuman, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Occupational Exposure, positron emission tomography, punch drunk syndrome, systematic review (topic), traumatic brain injury, white matter, working memory

@article{Gandy2014a,

title = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Clinical-biomarker correlations and current concepts in pathogenesis},

author = {Gandy, S and Ikonomovic, M D and Mitsis, E and Elder, G and Ahlers, S T and Barth, J and Stone, J R and Dekosky, S T},

url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907464163\&partnerID=40\&md5=109c916e926417c11bab99fd7b44065c},

doi = {10.1186/1750-1326-9-37},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Molecular Neurodegeneration},

volume = {9},

number = {1},

abstract = {Background: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a recently revived term used to describe a neurodegenerative process that occurs as a long term complication of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Corsellis provided one of the classic descriptions of CTE in boxers under the name "dementia pugilistica" (DP). Much recent attention has been drawn to the apparent association of CTE with contact sports (football, soccer, hockey) and with frequent battlefield exposure to blast waves generated by improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Recently, a promising serum biomarker has been identified by measurement of serum levels of the neuronal microtubule associated protein tau. New positron emission tomography (PET) ligands (e.g., [18F] T807) that identify brain tauopathy have been successfully deployed for the in vitro and in vivo detection of presumptive tauopathy in the brains of subjects with clinically probable CTE. Methods. Major academic and lay publications on DP/CTE were reviewed beginning with the 1928 paper describing the initial use of the term CTE by Martland. Results: The major current concepts in the neurological, psychiatric, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and body fluid biomarker science of DP/CTE have been summarized. Newer achievements, such as serum tau and [18F] T807 tauopathy imaging, are also introduced and their significance has been explained. Conclusion: Recent advances in the science of DP/CTE hold promise for elucidating a long sought accurate determination of the true prevalence of CTE. This information holds potentially important public health implications for estimating the risk of contact sports in inflicting permanent and/or progressive brain damage on children, adolescents, and adults. © 2014Gandy et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},

keywords = {animal model, army, Article, blast injury, body fluid, Boxing, chronic disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy biological marker, Dementia, dementia pugilistica, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, executive function, experimental animal, fluorine 18, football, functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional neuroimaging, human, molecular pathology, neuropathology, neuropsychology, nonhuman, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Occupational Exposure, positron emission tomography, punch drunk syndrome, systematic review (topic), traumatic brain injury, white matter, working memory},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Mitsis, E M; Riggio, S; Kostakoglu, L; Dickstein, D L; Machac, J; Delman, B; Goldstein, M; Jennings, D; D'Antonio, E; Martin, J; Naidich, T P; Aloysi, A; Fernandez, C; Seibyl, J; DeKosky, S T; Elder, G A; Marek, K; Gordon, W; Hof, P R; Sano, M; Gandy, S

Tauopathy PET and amyloid PET in the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathies: Studies of a retired NFL player and of a man with FTD and a severe head injury Journal Article

In: Translational Psychiatry, vol. 4, no. 9, 2014.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, aged, amyloid plaque, arachnoid cyst, Article, case report, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy florbetapir f 18, Concussion, diagnostic accuracy, eye movement, football, frontotemporal dementia, head injury, human, injury severity, ligand binding, Male, memory disorder, middle aged, molecular imaging, motor dysfunction, muscle tone, personality disorder, positron emission tomography, short term memory, subdural hematoma, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury

@article{Mitsis2014,

title = {Tauopathy PET and amyloid PET in the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathies: Studies of a retired NFL player and of a man with FTD and a severe head injury},

author = {Mitsis, E M and Riggio, S and Kostakoglu, L and Dickstein, D L and Machac, J and Delman, B and Goldstein, M and Jennings, D and D'Antonio, E and Martin, J and Naidich, T P and Aloysi, A and Fernandez, C and Seibyl, J and DeKosky, S T and Elder, G A and Marek, K and Gordon, W and Hof, P R and Sano, M and Gandy, S},

url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84918535750\&partnerID=40\&md5=704b918a7429432cbd631e703c44eb63},

doi = {10.1038/tp.2014.91},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Translational Psychiatry},

volume = {4},

number = {9},

abstract = {Single, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) which elevates CNS amyloid, increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD); while repetitive concussive and subconcussive events as observed in athletes and military personnel, may increase the risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). We describe two clinical cases, one with a history of multiple concussions during a career in the National Football League (NFL) and the second with frontotemporal dementia and a single, severe TBI. Both patients presented with cognitive decline and underwent [18F]-Florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for amyloid plaques; the retired NFL player also underwent [18F]-T807 PET imaging, a new ligand binding to tau, the main constituent of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Case 1, the former NFL player, was 71 years old when he presented with memory impairment and a clinical profile highly similar to AD. [18F]-Florbetapir PET imaging was negative, essentially excluding AD as a diagnosis. CTE was suspected clinically, and [18F]-T807 PET imaging revealed striatal and nigral [18F]-T807 retention consistent with the presence of tauopathy. Case 2 was a 56- year-old man with personality changes and cognitive decline who had sustained a fall complicated by a subdural hematoma. At 1 year post injury, [18F]-Florbetapir PET imaging was negative for an AD pattern of amyloid accumulation in this subject. Focal [18F]- Florbetapir retention was noted at the site of impact. In case 1, amyloid imaging provided improved diagnostic accuracy where standard clinical and laboratory criteria were inadequate. In that same case, tau imaging with [18F]-T807 revealed a subcortical tauopathy that we interpret as a novel form of CTE with a distribution of tauopathy that mimics, to some extent, that of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), despite a clinical presentation of amnesia without any movement disorder complaints or signs. A key distinguishing feature is that our patient presented with hippocampal involvement, which is more frequently seen in CTE than in PSP. In case 2, focal [18F]-Florbetapir retention at the site of injury in an otherwise negative scan suggests focal amyloid aggregation. In each of these complex cases, a combination of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose, [18F]-Florbetapir and/or [18F]-T807 PET molecular imaging improved the accuracy of diagnosis and prevented inappropriate interventions. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited.},

keywords = {adult, aged, amyloid plaque, arachnoid cyst, Article, case report, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy florbetapir f 18, Concussion, diagnostic accuracy, eye movement, football, frontotemporal dementia, head injury, human, injury severity, ligand binding, Male, memory disorder, middle aged, molecular imaging, motor dysfunction, muscle tone, personality disorder, positron emission tomography, short term memory, subdural hematoma, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Single, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) which elevates CNS amyloid, increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD); while repetitive concussive and subconcussive events as observed in athletes and military personnel, may increase the risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). We describe two clinical cases, one with a history of multiple concussions during a career in the National Football League (NFL) and the second with frontotemporal dementia and a single, severe TBI. Both patients presented with cognitive decline and underwent [18F]-Florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for amyloid plaques; the retired NFL player also underwent [18F]-T807 PET imaging, a new ligand binding to tau, the main constituent of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Case 1, the former NFL player, was 71 years old when he presented with memory impairment and a clinical profile highly similar to AD. [18F]-Florbetapir PET imaging was negative, essentially excluding AD as a diagnosis. CTE was suspected clinically, and [18F]-T807 PET imaging revealed striatal and nigral [18F]-T807 retention consistent with the presence of tauopathy. Case 2 was a 56- year-old man with personality changes and cognitive decline who had sustained a fall complicated by a subdural hematoma. At 1 year post injury, [18F]-Florbetapir PET imaging was negative for an AD pattern of amyloid accumulation in this subject. Focal [18F]- Florbetapir retention was noted at the site of impact. In case 1, amyloid imaging provided improved diagnostic accuracy where standard clinical and laboratory criteria were inadequate. In that same case, tau imaging with [18F]-T807 revealed a subcortical tauopathy that we interpret as a novel form of CTE with a distribution of tauopathy that mimics, to some extent, that of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), despite a clinical presentation of amnesia without any movement disorder complaints or signs. A key distinguishing feature is that our patient presented with hippocampal involvement, which is more frequently seen in CTE than in PSP. In case 2, focal [18F]-Florbetapir retention at the site of injury in an otherwise negative scan suggests focal amyloid aggregation. In each of these complex cases, a combination of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose, [18F]-Florbetapir and/or [18F]-T807 PET molecular imaging improved the accuracy of diagnosis and prevented inappropriate interventions. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited.

Baugh, C M; Robbins, C A; Stern, R A; McKee, A C

Current understanding of chronic traumatic encephalopathy Journal Article

In: Current Treatment Options in Neurology, vol. 16, no. 9, 2014.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, attention disturbance, axonal injury, biological marker, Biomarker, Brain trauma, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy APOE, clinical feature, concentration loss, Concussion, degenerative disease, football, genetic risk, headache, human, in vivo study, injury severity, lifestyle, neuropathology, risk factor, Tau, traumatic brain injury, Traumatic brain injury (TBI)

Wu, L C; Zarnescu, L; Nangia, V; Cam, B; Camarillo, D B

A head impact detection system using SVM classification and proximity sensing in an instrumented mouthguard Journal Article

In: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 2659–2668, 2014.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Biomechanical Phenomena/ph [Physiology], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Monitoring, *Mouth Protectors, *Support Vector Machine, Acceleration, Accelerometry/is [Instrumentation], Ambulatory/is [Instrumentation], Ambulatory/mt [Methods], Closed, Computer-Assisted/is [Instrumen, football, Head Injuries, Humans, Infrared Rays, Monitoring, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing

@article{Wu2014,

title = {A head impact detection system using SVM classification and proximity sensing in an instrumented mouthguard},

author = {Wu, L C and Zarnescu, L and Nangia, V and Cam, B and Camarillo, D B},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering},

volume = {61},

number = {11},

pages = {2659--2668},

abstract = {Injury from blunt head impacts causes acute neurological deficits and may lead to chronic neurodegeneration. A head impact detection device can serve both as a research tool for studying head injury mechanisms and a clinical tool for real-time trauma screening. The simplest approach is an acceleration thresholding algorithm, which may falsely detect high-acceleration spurious events such as manual manipulation of the device. We designed a head impact detection system that distinguishes head impacts from nonimpacts through two subsystems. First, we use infrared proximity sensing to determine if the mouthguard is worn on the teeth to filter out all off-teeth events. Second, on-teeth, nonimpact events are rejected using a support vector machine classifier trained on frequency domain features of linear acceleration and rotational velocity. The remaining events are classified as head impacts. In a controlled laboratory evaluation, the present system performed substantially better than a 10-g acceleration threshold in head impact detection (98% sensitivity, 99.99% specificity, 99% accuracy, and 99.98% precision, compared to 92% sensitivity, 58% specificity, 65% accuracy, and 37% precision). Once adapted for field deployment by training and validation with field data, this system has the potential to effectively detect head trauma in sports, military service, and other high-risk activities.},

keywords = {*Biomechanical Phenomena/ph [Physiology], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Monitoring, *Mouth Protectors, *Support Vector Machine, Acceleration, Accelerometry/is [Instrumentation], Ambulatory/is [Instrumentation], Ambulatory/mt [Methods], Closed, Computer-Assisted/is [Instrumen, football, Head Injuries, Humans, Infrared Rays, Monitoring, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

2013

Jadischke, R; Viano, D C; Dau, N; King, A I; McCarthy, J

On the accuracy of the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System used in football helmets Journal Article

In: Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 46, no. 13, pp. 2310–2315, 2013.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Head Protective Devices/st [Standards], *Materials Testing, *Sports Equipment/st [Standards], *Telemetry/is [Instrumentation], Adolescent, adult, Equipment Design, football, Humans, Male, Pressure, Young Adult

@article{Jadischke2013,

title = {On the accuracy of the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System used in football helmets},

author = {Jadischke, R and Viano, D C and Dau, N and King, A I and McCarthy, J},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},

volume = {46},

number = {13},

pages = {2310--2315},

abstract = {On-field measurement of head impacts has relied on the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System, which uses helmet mounted accelerometers to determine linear and angular head accelerations. HIT is used in youth and collegiate football to assess the frequency and severity of helmet impacts. This paper evaluates the accuracy of HIT for individual head impacts. Most HIT validations used a medium helmet on a Hybrid III head. However, the appropriate helmet is large based on the Hybrid III head circumference (58 cm) and manufacturer's fitting instructions. An instrumented skull cap was used to measure the pressure between the head of football players (n=63) and their helmet. The average pressure with a large helmet on the Hybrid III was comparable to the average pressure from helmets used by players. A medium helmet on the Hybrid III produced average pressures greater than the 99th percentile volunteer pressure level. Linear impactor tests were conducted using a large and medium helmet on the Hybrid III. Testing was conducted by two independent laboratories. HIT data were compared to data from the Hybrid III equipped with a 3-2-2-2 accelerometer array. The absolute and root mean square error (RMSE) for HIT were computed for each impact (n=90). Fifty-five percent (n=49) had an absolute error greater than 15% while the RMSE was 59.1% for peak linear acceleration. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {*Head Protective Devices/st [Standards], *Materials Testing, *Sports Equipment/st [Standards], *Telemetry/is [Instrumentation], Adolescent, adult, Equipment Design, football, Humans, Male, Pressure, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

2012

Keefer, Raina

In the game Journal Article

In: ACR Bulletin, vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 10–12, 2012, ISBN: 0098-6070.

BibTeX | Tags: Athletes, Brain -- Pathology, Brain Concussion -- Classification, Brain Concussion -- Complications, Brain Concussion -- Epidemiology -- United States, Brain Concussion -- Pathology, Brain Injuries -- Diagnosis, DIAGNOSTIC imaging, football, FOOTBALL injuries, Imaging & EEG, Physiopathology, Radiologists, Severity of Injury

2001

Moss, R I

Prevention. Preventing postconcussion sequelae Journal Article

In: Athletic Therapy Today, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 28–29, 2001, ISBN: 1078-7895.

BibTeX | Tags: Athletic Injuries -- Diagnosis, Brain Concussion -- Diagnosis, Clinical Assessment Tools, DIAGNOSIS, football, Memory Disorders -- Diagnosis, Neurologic -- Methods

Reference Search

43 entries « ‹ 1 of 3 › »

Reider, Bruce

Activating the Omega 13 Journal Article

In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 275–277, 2017, ISBN: 03635465.

Links | BibTeX

Montenigro, P H; Alosco, M L; Martin, B M; Daneshvar, D H; Mez, J; Chaisson, C E; Nowinski, C J; Au, R; McKee, A C; Cantu, R C; McClean, M D; Stern, R A; Tripodis, Y

Cumulative Head Impact Exposure Predicts Later-Life Depression, Apathy, Executive Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment in Former High School and College Football Players Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 328–340, 2017.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Montenigro2017,

title = {Cumulative Head Impact Exposure Predicts Later-Life Depression, Apathy, Executive Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment in Former High School and College Football Players},

author = {Montenigro, P H and Alosco, M L and Martin, B M and Daneshvar, D H and Mez, J and Chaisson, C E and Nowinski, C J and Au, R and McKee, A C and Cantu, R C and McClean, M D and Stern, R A and Tripodis, Y},

doi = {10.1089/neu.2016.4413},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},

volume = {34},

number = {2},

pages = {328--340},

abstract = {The term "repetitive head impacts" (RHI) refers to the cumulative exposure to concussive and subconcussive events. Although RHI are believed to increase risk for later-life neurological consequences (including chronic traumatic encephalopathy), quantitative analysis of this relationship has not yet been examined because of the lack of validated tools to quantify lifetime RHI exposure. The objectives of this study were: 1) to develop a metric to quantify cumulative RHI exposure from football, which we term the "cumulative head impact index" (CHII); 2) to use the CHII to examine the association between RHI exposure and long-term clinical outcomes; and 3) to evaluate its predictive properties relative to other exposure metrics (i.e., duration of play, age of first exposure, concussion history). Participants included 93 former high school and collegiate football players who completed objective cognitive and self-reported behavioral/mood tests as part of a larger ongoing longitudinal study. Using established cutoff scores, we transformed continuous outcomes into dichotomous variables (normal vs. impaired). The CHII was computed for each participant and derived from a combination of self-reported athletic history (i.e., number of seasons, position[s], levels played), and impact frequencies reported in helmet accelerometer studies. A bivariate probit, instrumental variable model revealed a threshold dose-response relationship between the CHII and risk for later-life cognitive impairment (p \< 0.0001), self-reported executive dysfunction (p \< 0.0001), depression (p \< 0.0001), apathy (p = 0.0161), and behavioral dysregulation (p \< 0.0001). Ultimately, the CHII demonstrated greater predictive validity than other individual exposure metrics. Copyright © 2017, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2017.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

White matter alterations in college football players: A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study Journal Article

In: Brain Imaging & Behavior, 2017, ISBN: 1931-7557.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Mayinger2017,

title = {White matter alterations in college football players: A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study},

author = {Mayinger, Michael Christian and Merchant-Borna, Kian and Hufschmidt, Jakob and Muehlmann, Marc and Weir, Isabelle Ruth and Rauchmann, Boris-Stephan and Shenton, Martha Elizabeth and Koerte, Inga Katharina and Bazarian, Jeffrey John},

doi = {10.1007/s11682-017-9672-4},

isbn = {1931-7557},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Brain Imaging \& Behavior},

publisher = {Springer},

address = {Germany},

abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in the diffusion characteristics of brain white matter (WM) in collegiate athletes at three time points: prior to the start of the football season (T1), after one season of football (T2), followed by six months of no-contact rest (T3). Fifteen male collegiate football players and 5 male non-athlete student controls underwent diffusion MR imaging and computerized cognitive testing at all three timepoints. Whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used to compare fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity (AD), and trace between all timepoints. Average diffusion values were obtained from statistically significant clusters for each individual. No athlete suffered a concussion during the study period. After one season of play (T1 to T2), we observed a significant increase in trace in a cluster located in the brainstem and left temporal lobe, and a significant increase in FA in the left parietal lobe. After six months of no-contact rest (T2 to T3), there was a significant decrease in trace and FA in clusters that were partially overlapping or in close proximity with the initial clusters (T1 to T2), with no significant changes from T1 to T3. Repetitive head impacts (RHI) sustained during a single football season may result in alterations of the brain’s WM in collegiate football players. These changes appear to return to baseline after 6 months of no-contact rest, suggesting remission of WM alterations. Our preliminary results suggest that collegiate football players might benefit from periods without exposure to RHI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Schulte, S; Rasmussen, N N; McBeth, J W; Richards, P Q; Yochem, E; Petron, D J; Strathmann, F G

In: EPMA Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Schulte2016b,

title = {Utilization of the clinical laboratory for the implementation of concussion biomarkers in collegiate football and the necessity of personalized and predictive athlete specific reference intervals},

author = {Schulte, S and Rasmussen, N N and McBeth, J W and Richards, P Q and Yochem, E and Petron, D J and Strathmann, F G},

doi = {10.1186/s13167-016-0050-x},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {EPMA Journal},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

abstract = {Background: A continued interest in concussion biomarkers makes the eventual implementation of identified biomarkers into routine concussion assessment an eventual reality. We sought to develop and test an interdisciplinary approach that could be used to integrate blood-based biomarkers into the established concussion management program for a collegiate football team. Methods: We used a CLIA-certified laboratory for all testing and chose biomarkers where clinically validated testing was available as would be required for results used in clinical decision making. We summarized the existing methods and results for concussion assessment across an entire season to identify and demonstrate the challenges with the eventual integration of a parallel process using blood-based tests for concussion management. We analyzed the results of the biomarkers chosen for trends consistent with the outcome assessments provided from the current concussion management protocols. Results: Baseline samples were collected with three additional post-concussion samples collected at three separate time points from players with a diagnosed concussion (n = 12). A summary of results from currently used concussion assessment tools were compared to the representative biomarkers S100B and NSE results. Nine sport-related concussions occurred during practice and three during play. For S100B, 50% had follow-up testing results lower than the post-injury result. In contrast, 92% of NSE follow-up results were lower than post-injury. One hundred percent of the results for S100B and NSE were within the athlete-derived reference intervals upon return-to-play and season end. Conclusions: The reported workflow provides a framework for the eventual implementation of biomarkers for concussion assessment into existing assessment protocols and strengthens the need for reliance on clinical laboratory testing. Athlete-specific reference intervals will be required to adequately interpret results. © 2016 Schulte et al.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Malloch-Brown, K; Mc Fie, S; Brown, J; Viljoen, W; Readhead, C

Concussion return-to-play behaviour of South African Rugby Union (SA Rugby) Youth Week players: a pilot study Journal Article

In: South African Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 43–45, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

Webner, David; Iverson, Grant L

Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years Journal Article

In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 13/14, pp. 1718–1721, 2016, ISBN: 02699052.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Webner2016,

title = {Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years},

author = {Webner, David and Iverson, Grant L},

doi = {10.1080/02699052.2016.1202451},

isbn = {02699052},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Brain Injury},

volume = {30},

number = {13/14},

pages = {1718--1721},

abstract = {Objective: To examine publicly-available information on all identified cases of suicide in active or former American professional football players between 1920 and the spring of 2015. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Professional American Football in the US. Participants: A cohort of 26 702 athletes who had died, retired or were currently playing in the NFL from nfl.com since 1920 was identified. Main outcome measures: Internet queries identifying 26 professional football players who completed suicide. Obituaries and news reports were reviewed. The primary outcome measures included mortality, demographic characteristics and life circumstances in professional American football players completing suicide. Results: From 1920\textendash2015, the median age of the 26 men who completed suicide was 39.5 years (range = 23\textendash85). The median number of years after retirement was 6.5 (range = 0\textendash63). Most of the deaths since 1920 have occurred in the past 15 years (58.7%) and a large percentage have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). Most of the men suffered from multiple life stressors prior to their deaths, such as retirement from sport, loss of steady income, divorce, failed business ventures, estrangement from family members and medical, psychiatric and/or substance abuse problems. Conclusions: A disproportionate number of completed suicides in current and former professional football players have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). It is well established in the literature that the causes of depression and suicidality are diverse, often multifactorial and treatable. Providing at-risk retired athletes with mental health treatment will likely reduce their suffering and improve their quality-of-life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Williams, J M; Langdon, J L; McMillan, J L; Buckley, T A

English professional football players concussion knowledge and attitude Journal Article

In: Journal of Sport and Health Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 197–204, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Williams2016,

title = {English professional football players concussion knowledge and attitude},

author = {Williams, J M and Langdon, J L and McMillan, J L and Buckley, T A},

doi = {10.1016/j.jshs.2015.01.009},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Sport and Health Science},

volume = {5},

number = {2},

pages = {197--204},

abstract = {Background: Concussions are a common pathology in football and multiple misconceptions exist amongst the players and managers. To address these misconceptions, and potentially reduce concussion associated sequela, effective educational interventions need to be developed. However, the current knowledge and attitude status must be ascertained to appropriately develop these interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess the concussion knowledge and attitude of English professional footballers. Methods: Twenty-six participants from one English Football League Championship club completed the study. A mixed methods approach included the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS) and a semi-structured interview. The RoCKAS contains separate knowledge (0-25) and attitude (15-75) scores and was followed by a semi-structured interview consisting of concussion knowledge, attitude, and behavior related questions. Results: The mean score on the RoCKAS knowledge was 16.4 ± 2.9 (range 11-22) and the attitude score was 59.6 ± 8.5 (range 41-71). The interview responses identified inconsistencies between the RoCKAS and the intended behaviors, endorsing multiple concussion misconceptions, and revealed barriers to concussion reporting. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that Championship Level English footballers have moderate concussion knowledge, safe attitudes, and good concussion symptom recognition when assessed with pen and paper questionnaires. However, within the semi-structured interview many respondents reported unsafe concussion behaviors despite accurately identifying the potential risks. Further, multiple barriers to concussion reporting were identified which included perceived severity of the injury, game situations, and the substitution rule. These findings can help form the foundation of educational interventions to potentially improve concussion reporting behaviors amongst professional footballers. © 2016.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Devick, Steve

Comment on article: King-Devick test reference values and associations with balance measures in high school American football players Journal Article

In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 593–594, 2016, ISBN: 09057188.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

Keays, G; Friedman, D; Gagnon, I

A 20-Year Comparison of Football-Related Injuries in American and Canadian Youth Aged 6 to 17 Years: A replication study Journal Article

In: Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 603–613, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

10.

Davis, G; Makdissi, M

Use of video to facilitate sideline concussion diagnosis and management decision-making Journal Article

In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 898–902, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Davis2016,

title = {Use of video to facilitate sideline concussion diagnosis and management decision-making},

author = {Davis, G and Makdissi, M},

doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2016.02.005},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},

volume = {19},

number = {11},

pages = {898--902},

abstract = {Objectives Video analysis can provide critical information to improve diagnostic accuracy and speed of clinical decision-making in potential cases of concussion. The objective of this study was to validate a hierarchical flowchart for the assessment of video signs of concussion, and to determine whether its implementation could improve the process of game day video assessment. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods All impacts and collisions potentially resulting in a concussion were identified during 2012 and 2013 Australian Football League (AFL) seasons. Consensus definitions were developed for clinical signs associated with concussion. A hierarchical flowchart was developed based on the reliability and validity of the video signs of concussion. Ninety videos were assessed, with 45 incidents of clinically confirmed concussion, and 45 cases where no concussion was sustained. Each video was examined using the hierarchical flowchart, and a single response was given for each video based on the highest-ranking element in the flowchart. Results No protective action, impact seizure, motor incoordination or blank/vacant look were the highest ranked video signs in almost half of the clinically confirmed concussions, but in only 8.8% of non-concussed individuals. The presence of facial injury, clutching at the head and slow to get up were the highest ranked sign in 77.7% of non-concussed individuals. Conclusions This study suggests that the implementation of a flowchart model could improve timely assessment of concussion, and it identifies the video signs that should trigger automatic removal from play. © 2016 Sports Medicine Australia},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

11.

Beiske, K K; Kostov, K H; Kostov, H

Rhythmic midtemporal discharge in a youth during light sleep Journal Article

In: Neurodiagnostic Journal, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 32–36, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

12.

Westermann, Robert W; Kerr, Zachary Y; Wehr, Peter; Amendola, Annuziato

Increasing Lower Extremity Injury Rates Across the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 Seasons of National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Journal Article

In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 3230–3236, 2016, ISBN: 03635465.

Abstract | BibTeX

@article{Westermann2016,

title = {Increasing Lower Extremity Injury Rates Across the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 Seasons of National Collegiate Athletic Association Football},

author = {Westermann, Robert W and Kerr, Zachary Y and Wehr, Peter and Amendola, Annuziato},

isbn = {03635465},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},

volume = {44},

number = {12},

pages = {3230--3236},

abstract = {Background: Sports-related concussions (SRCs) have gained increased societal interest in the past decade. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has implemented legislation and rule changes to decrease the incidence and risk of head injury impacts. The “targeting” rule forbids initiating contact with the crown of a helmet and targeting defenseless players in the head and neck area; however, there are concerns that this rule change has unintentionally led to an increased incidence of lower extremity injuries. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in lower extremity injury rates in NCAA football during the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 seasons. We hypothesized that the lower extremity injury rate has increased across the time period. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Sixty-eight NCAA football programs provided 153 team-seasons of data to the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program. Lower extremity injuries (ie, hip/groin, upper leg/thigh, knee, lower leg/Achilles, foot/toes) and SRCs sustained during NCAA football games were examined. We calculated injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) for lower extremity injuries and SRCs. Rate ratios (RRs) compared injury rates between the 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 seasons. Results: Overall, 2400 lower extremity injuries were reported during the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 seasons; most were to the knee (33.6%) and ankle (28.5%) and caused by player contact (59.2%). The lower extremity injury rate increased in 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 compared with 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 (23.55 vs 20.45/1000 AEs, respectively; RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.25). This finding was retained when restricted to injuries due to player contact (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.32) but not for injuries due to noncontact/overuse (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.80-1.14). When examining player contact injury rates by anatomic site, only ankle injuries had an increase (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.13-1.64). The SRC rate also increased in 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 compared with 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 (3.52 vs 2.63/1000 AEs, respectively; RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.66). Conclusion: The lower extremity injury rate has increased in NCAA football athletes. Similarly, SRC rates have increased, although this may be caused by concurrent policies related to better education, identification, and management. Targeting rule changes may be contributing to increased rates of player contact\textendashrelated ankle injuries. Alongside continued surveillance research to examine longitudinal time trends, more in-depth individual-level examinations of how targeting rule changes influence coaching and player behaviors are warranted. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

13.

Reider, B

Like a pro Journal Article

In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 2199–2201, 2016.

Links | BibTeX

14.

Maite, Patricia; Ne, Kathryn; Govender, Saraswathie

Reaction time deficits incurred by Cumulative Mild Head Injury (CMHI) and Post-Concussion Symptoms (PCS) between contact and non-contact sport players: A prospective study Journal Article

In: Journal of Psychology in Africa, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 555–557, 2016, ISBN: 14330237.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

15.

Kawata, K; Rubin, L H; Lee, J H; Sim, T; Takahagi, M; Szwanki, V; Bellamy, A; Darvish, K; Assari, S; Henderer, J D; Tierney, R; Langford, D

Association of football subconcussive head impacts with ocular near point of convergence Journal Article

In: JAMA Ophthalmology, vol. 134, no. 7, pp. 763–769, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Kawata2016,

title = {Association of football subconcussive head impacts with ocular near point of convergence},

author = {Kawata, K and Rubin, L H and Lee, J H and Sim, T and Takahagi, M and Szwanki, V and Bellamy, A and Darvish, K and Assari, S and Henderer, J D and Tierney, R and Langford, D},

doi = {10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.1085},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {JAMA Ophthalmology},

volume = {134},

number = {7},

pages = {763--769},

abstract = {IMPORTANCE An increased understanding of the relationship between subconcussive head impacts and near point of convergence (NPC) ocular-motor function may be useful in delineating traumatic brain injury. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether repetitive subconcussive head impacts during preseason football practice cause changes in NPC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective, observational study of 29 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football players included baseline and preseason practices (1 noncontact and 4 contact), and postseason follow-up and outcome measures were obtained for each time. An accelerometer-embedded mouthguard measured head impact kinematics. Based on the sum of head impacts from all 5 practices, players were categorized into lower (n = 7) or higher (n = 22) impact groups. EXPOSURES Players participated in regular practices, and all head impacts greater than 10g from the 5 practices were recorded using the i1Biometerics Vector mouthguard (i1 Biometrics Inc). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Near point of convergence measures and symptom scores. RESULTS A total of 1193 head impacts were recorded from 5 training camp practices in the 29 collegiate football players; 22 were categorized into the higher-impact group and 7 into the lower-impact group. Therewere significant differences in head impact kinematics between lower- and higher-impact groups (number of impacts, 6 vs 41 [lower impact minus higher impact = 35; 95%CI, 21-51; P \< .001]; linear acceleration, 99g vs 1112g [lower impact minus higher impact= 1013; 95%CI, 621 - 1578; P \< .001]; angular acceleration, 7589 radian/s2 vs 65016 radian/s2 [lower impact minus higher impact= 57 427; 95%CI , 31 123-80 498; P \< .001], respectively). The trajectory and cumulative burden of subconcussive impacts on NPC differed by group (F for group × linear trend1},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

16.

Miles, Steven H; Prasad, Shailendra

Medical Ethics and School Football Journal Article

In: American Journal of Bioethics, vol. 16, pp. 6–10, 2016, ISBN: 15265161.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

17.

Noble, J M

The Long Drive Ahead to Better Understanding Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: First (Case) and 10 (Years Later) Journal Article

In: JAMA Neurology, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 263–265, 2016.

BibTeX

18.

Moon, K; Theodore, N

Football and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: How Much Evidence Actually Exists? Journal Article

In: World Neurosurgery, vol. 89, pp. 720–721, 2016.

Links | BibTeX

19.

'Evaluation of the King–Devick Test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' Corrigendum Journal Article

In: Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 358, no. 1-2, pp. 540, 2015, ISBN: 0022-510X.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Seidman2015a,

title = {'Evaluation of the King\textendashDevick Test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' Corrigendum},

author = {Seidman, Daniel H and Burlingame, Jennifer and Yousif, Lina R and Donahue, Xinh P and Krier, Joshua and Rayes, Lydia J and Young, Rachel and Lilla, Muareen and Mazurek, Rochelle and Hittle, Kristie and McCloskey, Charles and Misra, Saroj and Shaw, Michael K},

doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.348},

isbn = {0022-510X},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of the Neurological Sciences},

volume = {358},

number = {1-2},

pages = {540},

publisher = {Elsevier Science},

address = {Netherlands},

abstract = {Reports an error in 'Evaluation of the King\textendashDevick test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' by Daniel H. Seidman, Jennifer Burlingame, Lina R. Yousif, Xinh P. Donahue, Joshua Krier, Lydia J. Rayes, Rachel Young, Muareen Lilla, Rochelle Mazurek, Kristie Hittle, Charles McCloskey, Saroj Misra and Michael K. Shaw (Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2015[Sep][15], Vol 356[1-2], 97-101). In the original article, there was an error in the third paragraph. The sentence originally read 'The test subject reads a series of numbers in right-to-left and up-to-down order on three test cards.' This should read: 'The test subject reads a series of numbers in left-to-right and up-to-down order on three test cards.' The correction is present in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2015-27894-001[/rid]). Objective: Concussion is the most common type of traumatic brain injury, and results from impact or impulsive forces to the head, neck or face. Due to the variability and subtlety of symptoms, concussions may go unrecognized or be ignored, especially with the pressure placed on athletes to return to competition. The King\textendashDevick (KD) test, an oculomotor test originally designed for reading evaluation, was recently validated as a concussion screening tool in collegiate athletes. A prospective study was performed using high school football players in an attempt to study the KD as a concussion screening tool in this younger population. Methods: 343 athletes from four local high school football teams were recruited to participate. These athletes were given baseline KD tests prior to competition. Individual demographic information was collected on the subjects. Standard team protocol was employed to determine if a concussion had occurred during competition. Immediately after diagnosis, the KD test was re-administered to the concussed athlete for comparison to baseline. Post-season testing was also performed in non-concussed individuals. Results: Of the 343 athletes, nine were diagnosed with concussions. In all concussed players, cumulative read times for the KD test were significantly increased (p \< 0.001). Post-season testing of non-concussed athletes revealed minimal change in read times relative to baseline. Univariate analysis revealed that history of concussion was the only demographic factor predictive of concussion in this cohort. Conclusion: The KD test is an accurate and easily administered sideline screening tool for concussion in adolescent football players. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

20.

Asplund, C A; Kutcher, J S

Syncope in athletes of neurological origin: 2B. From personal history and physical examination sections Journal Article

In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 256–257, 2015.

BibTeX

43 entries « ‹ 1 of 3 › »

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2017

Reider, Bruce

Activating the Omega 13 Journal Article

In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 275–277, 2017, ISBN: 03635465.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: ACL tear, Concussion, female athlete triad, football, Injury prevention, rugby, Soccer

White matter alterations in college football players: A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study Journal Article

In: Brain Imaging & Behavior, 2017, ISBN: 1931-7557.

@article{Mayinger2017,

title = {White matter alterations in college football players: A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study},

author = {Mayinger, Michael Christian and Merchant-Borna, Kian and Hufschmidt, Jakob and Muehlmann, Marc and Weir, Isabelle Ruth and Rauchmann, Boris-Stephan and Shenton, Martha Elizabeth and Koerte, Inga Katharina and Bazarian, Jeffrey John},

doi = {10.1007/s11682-017-9672-4},

isbn = {1931-7557},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Brain Imaging \& Behavior},

publisher = {Springer},

address = {Germany},

abstract = {The aim of this study was to evaluate longitudinal changes in the diffusion characteristics of brain white matter (WM) in collegiate athletes at three time points: prior to the start of the football season (T1), after one season of football (T2), followed by six months of no-contact rest (T3). Fifteen male collegiate football players and 5 male non-athlete student controls underwent diffusion MR imaging and computerized cognitive testing at all three timepoints. Whole-brain tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) were used to compare fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), axial diffusivity (AD), and trace between all timepoints. Average diffusion values were obtained from statistically significant clusters for each individual. No athlete suffered a concussion during the study period. After one season of play (T1 to T2), we observed a significant increase in trace in a cluster located in the brainstem and left temporal lobe, and a significant increase in FA in the left parietal lobe. After six months of no-contact rest (T2 to T3), there was a significant decrease in trace and FA in clusters that were partially overlapping or in close proximity with the initial clusters (T1 to T2), with no significant changes from T1 to T3. Repetitive head impacts (RHI) sustained during a single football season may result in alterations of the brain’s WM in collegiate football players. These changes appear to return to baseline after 6 months of no-contact rest, suggesting remission of WM alterations. Our preliminary results suggest that collegiate football players might benefit from periods without exposure to RHI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)},

keywords = {2017, Athletics, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, football, fractional anisotropy, High magnitude impact, Human studies, Longitudinal, No terms assigned, Repetitive head impacts, Sports, Subconcussive head trauma, TBSS, white matter},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Montenigro, P H; Alosco, M L; Martin, B M; Daneshvar, D H; Mez, J; Chaisson, C E; Nowinski, C J; Au, R; McKee, A C; Cantu, R C; McClean, M D; Stern, R A; Tripodis, Y

Cumulative Head Impact Exposure Predicts Later-Life Depression, Apathy, Executive Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment in Former High School and College Football Players Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 328–340, 2017.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: behavior, cognition, Concussion, football, long-term impairment, subconcussive impacts

@article{Montenigro2017,

title = {Cumulative Head Impact Exposure Predicts Later-Life Depression, Apathy, Executive Dysfunction, and Cognitive Impairment in Former High School and College Football Players},

author = {Montenigro, P H and Alosco, M L and Martin, B M and Daneshvar, D H and Mez, J and Chaisson, C E and Nowinski, C J and Au, R and McKee, A C and Cantu, R C and McClean, M D and Stern, R A and Tripodis, Y},

doi = {10.1089/neu.2016.4413},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},

volume = {34},

number = {2},

pages = {328--340},

abstract = {The term "repetitive head impacts" (RHI) refers to the cumulative exposure to concussive and subconcussive events. Although RHI are believed to increase risk for later-life neurological consequences (including chronic traumatic encephalopathy), quantitative analysis of this relationship has not yet been examined because of the lack of validated tools to quantify lifetime RHI exposure. The objectives of this study were: 1) to develop a metric to quantify cumulative RHI exposure from football, which we term the "cumulative head impact index" (CHII); 2) to use the CHII to examine the association between RHI exposure and long-term clinical outcomes; and 3) to evaluate its predictive properties relative to other exposure metrics (i.e., duration of play, age of first exposure, concussion history). Participants included 93 former high school and collegiate football players who completed objective cognitive and self-reported behavioral/mood tests as part of a larger ongoing longitudinal study. Using established cutoff scores, we transformed continuous outcomes into dichotomous variables (normal vs. impaired). The CHII was computed for each participant and derived from a combination of self-reported athletic history (i.e., number of seasons, position[s], levels played), and impact frequencies reported in helmet accelerometer studies. A bivariate probit, instrumental variable model revealed a threshold dose-response relationship between the CHII and risk for later-life cognitive impairment (p \< 0.0001), self-reported executive dysfunction (p \< 0.0001), depression (p \< 0.0001), apathy (p = 0.0161), and behavioral dysregulation (p \< 0.0001). Ultimately, the CHII demonstrated greater predictive validity than other individual exposure metrics. Copyright © 2017, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 2017.},

keywords = {behavior, cognition, Concussion, football, long-term impairment, subconcussive impacts},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

2016

Davis, G; Makdissi, M

Use of video to facilitate sideline concussion diagnosis and management decision-making Journal Article

In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 898–902, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: brain concussion, Clinical management, Flowchart, football, Video analysis

@article{Davis2016,

title = {Use of video to facilitate sideline concussion diagnosis and management decision-making},

author = {Davis, G and Makdissi, M},

doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2016.02.005},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},

volume = {19},

number = {11},

pages = {898--902},

abstract = {Objectives Video analysis can provide critical information to improve diagnostic accuracy and speed of clinical decision-making in potential cases of concussion. The objective of this study was to validate a hierarchical flowchart for the assessment of video signs of concussion, and to determine whether its implementation could improve the process of game day video assessment. Design Prospective cohort study. Methods All impacts and collisions potentially resulting in a concussion were identified during 2012 and 2013 Australian Football League (AFL) seasons. Consensus definitions were developed for clinical signs associated with concussion. A hierarchical flowchart was developed based on the reliability and validity of the video signs of concussion. Ninety videos were assessed, with 45 incidents of clinically confirmed concussion, and 45 cases where no concussion was sustained. Each video was examined using the hierarchical flowchart, and a single response was given for each video based on the highest-ranking element in the flowchart. Results No protective action, impact seizure, motor incoordination or blank/vacant look were the highest ranked video signs in almost half of the clinically confirmed concussions, but in only 8.8% of non-concussed individuals. The presence of facial injury, clutching at the head and slow to get up were the highest ranked sign in 77.7% of non-concussed individuals. Conclusions This study suggests that the implementation of a flowchart model could improve timely assessment of concussion, and it identifies the video signs that should trigger automatic removal from play. © 2016 Sports Medicine Australia},

keywords = {brain concussion, Clinical management, Flowchart, football, Video analysis},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Westermann, Robert W; Kerr, Zachary Y; Wehr, Peter; Amendola, Annuziato

Increasing Lower Extremity Injury Rates Across the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 Seasons of National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Journal Article

In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 3230–3236, 2016, ISBN: 03635465.

@article{Westermann2016,

title = {Increasing Lower Extremity Injury Rates Across the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 Seasons of National Collegiate Athletic Association Football},

author = {Westermann, Robert W and Kerr, Zachary Y and Wehr, Peter and Amendola, Annuziato},

isbn = {03635465},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},

volume = {44},

number = {12},

pages = {3230--3236},

abstract = {Background: Sports-related concussions (SRCs) have gained increased societal interest in the past decade. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has implemented legislation and rule changes to decrease the incidence and risk of head injury impacts. The “targeting” rule forbids initiating contact with the crown of a helmet and targeting defenseless players in the head and neck area; however, there are concerns that this rule change has unintentionally led to an increased incidence of lower extremity injuries. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in lower extremity injury rates in NCAA football during the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 seasons. We hypothesized that the lower extremity injury rate has increased across the time period. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Sixty-eight NCAA football programs provided 153 team-seasons of data to the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program. Lower extremity injuries (ie, hip/groin, upper leg/thigh, knee, lower leg/Achilles, foot/toes) and SRCs sustained during NCAA football games were examined. We calculated injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) for lower extremity injuries and SRCs. Rate ratios (RRs) compared injury rates between the 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 seasons. Results: Overall, 2400 lower extremity injuries were reported during the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 seasons; most were to the knee (33.6%) and ankle (28.5%) and caused by player contact (59.2%). The lower extremity injury rate increased in 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 compared with 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 (23.55 vs 20.45/1000 AEs, respectively; RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.25). This finding was retained when restricted to injuries due to player contact (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.32) but not for injuries due to noncontact/overuse (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.80-1.14). When examining player contact injury rates by anatomic site, only ankle injuries had an increase (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.13-1.64). The SRC rate also increased in 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 compared with 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 (3.52 vs 2.63/1000 AEs, respectively; RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.66). Conclusion: The lower extremity injury rate has increased in NCAA football athletes. Similarly, SRC rates have increased, although this may be caused by concurrent policies related to better education, identification, and management. Targeting rule changes may be contributing to increased rates of player contact\textendashrelated ankle injuries. Alongside continued surveillance research to examine longitudinal time trends, more in-depth individual-level examinations of how targeting rule changes influence coaching and player behaviors are warranted. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},

keywords = {*ANKLE wounds, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE athletes, *COLLEGE sports, *EPIDEMIOLOGY, *FOOTBALL injuries, *KNEE -- Wounds \&amp; injuries, *LEG -- Wounds \&amp; injuries, *PREVENTION, *SPORTS -- Societies, ankle injury, Concussion, CONFIDENCE intervals, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, etc., football, IOWA, knee, LONGITUDINAL method, ODDS ratio, RESEARCH, RESEARCH -- Finance, RESEARCH -- Methodology, rule change, UNITED States},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Moon, K; Theodore, N

Football and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: How Much Evidence Actually Exists? Journal Article

In: World Neurosurgery, vol. 89, pp. 720–721, 2016.

Schulte, S; Rasmussen, N N; McBeth, J W; Richards, P Q; Yochem, E; Petron, D J; Strathmann, F G

In: EPMA Journal, vol. 7, no. 1, 2016.

@article{Schulte2016b,

title = {Utilization of the clinical laboratory for the implementation of concussion biomarkers in collegiate football and the necessity of personalized and predictive athlete specific reference intervals},

author = {Schulte, S and Rasmussen, N N and McBeth, J W and Richards, P Q and Yochem, E and Petron, D J and Strathmann, F G},

doi = {10.1186/s13167-016-0050-x},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {EPMA Journal},

volume = {7},

number = {1},

abstract = {Background: A continued interest in concussion biomarkers makes the eventual implementation of identified biomarkers into routine concussion assessment an eventual reality. We sought to develop and test an interdisciplinary approach that could be used to integrate blood-based biomarkers into the established concussion management program for a collegiate football team. Methods: We used a CLIA-certified laboratory for all testing and chose biomarkers where clinically validated testing was available as would be required for results used in clinical decision making. We summarized the existing methods and results for concussion assessment across an entire season to identify and demonstrate the challenges with the eventual integration of a parallel process using blood-based tests for concussion management. We analyzed the results of the biomarkers chosen for trends consistent with the outcome assessments provided from the current concussion management protocols. Results: Baseline samples were collected with three additional post-concussion samples collected at three separate time points from players with a diagnosed concussion (n = 12). A summary of results from currently used concussion assessment tools were compared to the representative biomarkers S100B and NSE results. Nine sport-related concussions occurred during practice and three during play. For S100B, 50% had follow-up testing results lower than the post-injury result. In contrast, 92% of NSE follow-up results were lower than post-injury. One hundred percent of the results for S100B and NSE were within the athlete-derived reference intervals upon return-to-play and season end. Conclusions: The reported workflow provides a framework for the eventual implementation of biomarkers for concussion assessment into existing assessment protocols and strengthens the need for reliance on clinical laboratory testing. Athlete-specific reference intervals will be required to adequately interpret results. © 2016 Schulte et al.},

keywords = {adult, Article, athlete-derived reference interval, biological marker, Biomarker panel, Blood test, clinical decision making, clinical laboratory, college, collegiate athletes, Concussion, controlled study, diagnostic test accuracy study, follow up, football, health program, human, Male, neuron specific enolase, NSE, prediction, Predictive diagnostics, priority journal, protein blood level, protein S100B, rating scale, reference value, S100B, Sport-related concussion, Sports-related concussion, traumatic brain injury, validation study},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Noble, J M

The Long Drive Ahead to Better Understanding Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: First (Case) and 10 (Years Later) Journal Article

In: JAMA Neurology, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 263–265, 2016.

BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries, *Brain Injury, Chronic, football, Humans

Miles, Steven H; Prasad, Shailendra

Medical Ethics and School Football Journal Article

In: American Journal of Bioethics, vol. 16, pp. 6–10, 2016, ISBN: 15265161.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: BRAIN -- Wounds & injuries, football, High Schools, Medical ethics, Middle schools, WOUNDS & injuries

Kawata, K; Rubin, L H; Lee, J H; Sim, T; Takahagi, M; Szwanki, V; Bellamy, A; Darvish, K; Assari, S; Henderer, J D; Tierney, R; Langford, D

Association of football subconcussive head impacts with ocular near point of convergence Journal Article

In: JAMA Ophthalmology, vol. 134, no. 7, pp. 763–769, 2016.

@article{Kawata2016,

title = {Association of football subconcussive head impacts with ocular near point of convergence},

author = {Kawata, K and Rubin, L H and Lee, J H and Sim, T and Takahagi, M and Szwanki, V and Bellamy, A and Darvish, K and Assari, S and Henderer, J D and Tierney, R and Langford, D},

doi = {10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.1085},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {JAMA Ophthalmology},

volume = {134},

number = {7},

pages = {763--769},

abstract = {IMPORTANCE An increased understanding of the relationship between subconcussive head impacts and near point of convergence (NPC) ocular-motor function may be useful in delineating traumatic brain injury. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether repetitive subconcussive head impacts during preseason football practice cause changes in NPC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective, observational study of 29 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football players included baseline and preseason practices (1 noncontact and 4 contact), and postseason follow-up and outcome measures were obtained for each time. An accelerometer-embedded mouthguard measured head impact kinematics. Based on the sum of head impacts from all 5 practices, players were categorized into lower (n = 7) or higher (n = 22) impact groups. EXPOSURES Players participated in regular practices, and all head impacts greater than 10g from the 5 practices were recorded using the i1Biometerics Vector mouthguard (i1 Biometrics Inc). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Near point of convergence measures and symptom scores. RESULTS A total of 1193 head impacts were recorded from 5 training camp practices in the 29 collegiate football players; 22 were categorized into the higher-impact group and 7 into the lower-impact group. Therewere significant differences in head impact kinematics between lower- and higher-impact groups (number of impacts, 6 vs 41 [lower impact minus higher impact = 35; 95%CI, 21-51; P \< .001]; linear acceleration, 99g vs 1112g [lower impact minus higher impact= 1013; 95%CI, 621 - 1578; P \< .001]; angular acceleration, 7589 radian/s2 vs 65016 radian/s2 [lower impact minus higher impact= 57 427; 95%CI , 31 123-80 498; P \< .001], respectively). The trajectory and cumulative burden of subconcussive impacts on NPC differed by group (F for group × linear trend1},

keywords = {Acceleration, accelerometer, adult, Article, binocular convergence, Concussion, eye movement, follow up, football, head movement, human, KINEMATICS, major clinical study, Male, mouth protector, observational study, priority journal, prospective study, traumatic brain injury, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Maite, Patricia; Ne, Kathryn; Govender, Saraswathie

Reaction time deficits incurred by Cumulative Mild Head Injury (CMHI) and Post-Concussion Symptoms (PCS) between contact and non-contact sport players: A prospective study Journal Article

In: Journal of Psychology in Africa, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 555–557, 2016, ISBN: 14330237.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletes -- Diseases, Cumulative mild head injury (CMHI), football, post-concussive symptomology (PCS), postconcussion syndrome, Symptoms, VOLLEYBALL

Reider, B

Like a pro Journal Article

In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 2199–2201, 2016.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Baseball, BASKETBALL, Concussion, femoroacetabular impingement, football, ice hockey, ulnar collateral ligament

Beiske, K K; Kostov, K H; Kostov, H

Rhythmic midtemporal discharge in a youth during light sleep Journal Article

In: Neurodiagnostic Journal, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 32–36, 2016.

Malloch-Brown, K; Mc Fie, S; Brown, J; Viljoen, W; Readhead, C

Concussion return-to-play behaviour of South African Rugby Union (SA Rugby) Youth Week players: a pilot study Journal Article

In: South African Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 43–45, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: behavior, CONCUSSION policies, football, head injury, Injury management, Medical clearance, Rugby football players, SOUTH Africa, Youth

Webner, David; Iverson, Grant L

Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years Journal Article

In: Brain Injury, vol. 30, no. 13/14, pp. 1718–1721, 2016, ISBN: 02699052.

@article{Webner2016,

title = {Suicide in professional American football players in the past 95 years},

author = {Webner, David and Iverson, Grant L},

doi = {10.1080/02699052.2016.1202451},

isbn = {02699052},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Brain Injury},

volume = {30},

number = {13/14},

pages = {1718--1721},

abstract = {Objective: To examine publicly-available information on all identified cases of suicide in active or former American professional football players between 1920 and the spring of 2015. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Professional American Football in the US. Participants: A cohort of 26 702 athletes who had died, retired or were currently playing in the NFL from nfl.com since 1920 was identified. Main outcome measures: Internet queries identifying 26 professional football players who completed suicide. Obituaries and news reports were reviewed. The primary outcome measures included mortality, demographic characteristics and life circumstances in professional American football players completing suicide. Results: From 1920\textendash2015, the median age of the 26 men who completed suicide was 39.5 years (range = 23\textendash85). The median number of years after retirement was 6.5 (range = 0\textendash63). Most of the deaths since 1920 have occurred in the past 15 years (58.7%) and a large percentage have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). Most of the men suffered from multiple life stressors prior to their deaths, such as retirement from sport, loss of steady income, divorce, failed business ventures, estrangement from family members and medical, psychiatric and/or substance abuse problems. Conclusions: A disproportionate number of completed suicides in current and former professional football players have occurred since 2009 (42.3%). It is well established in the literature that the causes of depression and suicidality are diverse, often multifactorial and treatable. Providing at-risk retired athletes with mental health treatment will likely reduce their suffering and improve their quality-of-life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},

keywords = {Athletes, BRAIN damage, CHRONIC diseases, CHRONIC pain, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, depression, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Research, football, Internet, Life change events, LONGITUDINAL method, MENTAL depression, MORTALITY, Professional athletes, Professional Sports, psychology, RESEARCH -- Methodology, Retirement, Retrospective Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, STRESS (Psychology), suicide, Suicide -- Risk factors, Suicide -- United States, UNITED States, WORK experience (Employment)},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Keays, G; Friedman, D; Gagnon, I

A 20-Year Comparison of Football-Related Injuries in American and Canadian Youth Aged 6 to 17 Years: A replication study Journal Article

In: Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 603–613, 2016.

Williams, J M; Langdon, J L; McMillan, J L; Buckley, T A

English professional football players concussion knowledge and attitude Journal Article

In: Journal of Sport and Health Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 197–204, 2016.

@article{Williams2016,

title = {English professional football players concussion knowledge and attitude},

author = {Williams, J M and Langdon, J L and McMillan, J L and Buckley, T A},

doi = {10.1016/j.jshs.2015.01.009},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Sport and Health Science},

volume = {5},

number = {2},

pages = {197--204},

abstract = {Background: Concussions are a common pathology in football and multiple misconceptions exist amongst the players and managers. To address these misconceptions, and potentially reduce concussion associated sequela, effective educational interventions need to be developed. However, the current knowledge and attitude status must be ascertained to appropriately develop these interventions. The purpose of this study was to assess the concussion knowledge and attitude of English professional footballers. Methods: Twenty-six participants from one English Football League Championship club completed the study. A mixed methods approach included the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (RoCKAS) and a semi-structured interview. The RoCKAS contains separate knowledge (0-25) and attitude (15-75) scores and was followed by a semi-structured interview consisting of concussion knowledge, attitude, and behavior related questions. Results: The mean score on the RoCKAS knowledge was 16.4 ± 2.9 (range 11-22) and the attitude score was 59.6 ± 8.5 (range 41-71). The interview responses identified inconsistencies between the RoCKAS and the intended behaviors, endorsing multiple concussion misconceptions, and revealed barriers to concussion reporting. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that Championship Level English footballers have moderate concussion knowledge, safe attitudes, and good concussion symptom recognition when assessed with pen and paper questionnaires. However, within the semi-structured interview many respondents reported unsafe concussion behaviors despite accurately identifying the potential risks. Further, multiple barriers to concussion reporting were identified which included perceived severity of the injury, game situations, and the substitution rule. These findings can help form the foundation of educational interventions to potentially improve concussion reporting behaviors amongst professional footballers. © 2016.},

keywords = {accuracy, adult, Article, attitude, behavior, Concussion, Concussion recovery, Concussion reporting, controlled study, education program, follow up, football, human, human experiment, injury severity, knowledge, mild traumatic brain injury, normal human, priority journal, psychometry, questionnaire, RISK assessment, RoCKAS, Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Surve, scoring system, semi structured interview, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Devick, Steve

Comment on article: King-Devick test reference values and associations with balance measures in high school American football players Journal Article

In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 593–594, 2016, ISBN: 09057188.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: BRAIN -- Concussion -- Diagnosis, EVALUATION, football, Posture, Reference values (Medicine)

2015

Alexander, D G; Shuttleworth-Edwards, A B; Kidd, M; Malcolm, C M

Mild traumatic brain injuries in early adolescent rugby players: Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes Journal Article

In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1113–1125, 2015.

@article{Alexander2015,

title = {Mild traumatic brain injuries in early adolescent rugby players: Long-term neurocognitive and academic outcomes},

author = {Alexander, D G and Shuttleworth-Edwards, A B and Kidd, M and Malcolm, C M},

doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1031699},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Brain Injury},

volume = {29},

number = {9},

pages = {1113--1125},

abstract = {Background: Information is scant concerning enduring brain injury effects of participation in the contact sport of Rugby Union (hereafter rugby) on early adolescents.Objective: The objective was prospectively to investigate differences between young adolescent male rugby players and non-contact sports controls on neurocognitive test performance over 3 years and academic achievement over 6 years.Method: A sample of boys from the same school and grade was divided into three groups: rugby with seasonal concussions (n = 45), rugby no seasonal concussions (n = 21) and non-contact sports controls (n = 30). Baseline neurocognitive testing was conducted pre-season in Grade 7 and post-season in Grades 8 and 9. Year-end academic grades were documented for Grades 6-9 and 12 (pre-high school to year of school leaving). A mixed model repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to investigate comparative neurocognitive and academic outcomes between the three sub-groups.Results: Compared with controls, both rugby groups were significantly lower on the WISC-III Coding Immediate Recall sub-test. There was a significant interaction effect on the academic measure, with improved scores over time for controls, that was not in evidence for either rugby group.Conclusions: Tentatively, the outcome suggests cognitive vulnerability in association with school level participation in rugby. © 2015 Taylor \& Francis Group, LLC.},

keywords = {academic achievement, Academic performance, ADOLESCENCE, Adolescent, adolescent disease, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Child, cognition, Concussion, controlled study, Educational Status, football, human, Humans, Injuries, intelligence test, Intelligence Tests, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, major clinical study, Male, mild traumatic brain injury, mTBI, neurocognitive, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, Pathophysiology, Prospective Studies, prospective study, psychologic test, psychology, rugby, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, TASK performance, traumatic brain injury, treatment outcome},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Ellis, M J; Cordingley, D; Vis, S; Reimer, K; Leiter, J; Russell, K

Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in pediatric sports-related concussion Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 248–255, 2015.

@article{Ellis2015,

title = {Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction in pediatric sports-related concussion},

author = {Ellis, M J and Cordingley, D and Vis, S and Reimer, K and Leiter, J and Russell, K},

doi = {10.3171/2015.1.PEDS14524},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics},

volume = {16},

number = {3},

pages = {248--255},

abstract = {Object The objective of this study was 2-fold: 1) to examine the prevalence of vestibulo-ocular dysfunction (VOD) among children and adolescents with acute sports-related concussion (SRC) and postconcussion syndrome (PCS) who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program; and 2) to determine if VOD is associated with the development of PCS in this cohort. Methods The authors conducted a retrospective review of all patients with acute SRC (presenting 30 days or less postinjury) and PCS (3 or more symptoms for at least 1 month) referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program between September 2013 and July 2014. Initial assessment included clinical history, physical examination, and Post-Concussion Symptom Scale assessment. Patients were also assessed for VOD, which was defined as more than one subjective vestibular and oculomotor complaint (dizziness, blurred vision, and so on) and more than one objective physical examination finding (abnormal smooth pursuits, saccades, vestibulo-ocular reflex, and so on). This study was approved by the local institutional ethics review board. Results A total of 101 patients (mean age 14.2 years, SD 2.3 years; 63 male and 38 female patients) participated, including 77 (76.2%) with acute SRC and 24 (23.8%) with PCS. Twenty-two of the 77 patients (28.6%) with acute SRC and 15 of the 24 (62.5%) with PCS met the clinical criteria for VOD. The median duration of symptoms was 40 days (interquartile range [IQR] 28.5-54 days) for patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with 21 days (IQR 13-32 days) for those without VOD (p = 0.0001). There was a statistically significant increase in the adjusted odds of developing PCS among patients with acute SRC who had VOD compared with those without VOD (adjusted OR 4.10; 95% CI 1.04-16.16). Conclusions Evidence of VOD was detected in a significant proportion of children and adolescents with acute SRC and PCS who were referred to a multidisciplinary pediatric concussion program. This clinical feature was a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of PCS in this pediatric acute SRC cohort. © AANS, 2015.},

keywords = {Adolescent, amnesia, Article, Athletic Injuries, Baseball, BASKETBALL, blurred vision, brain concussion, CANADA, Child, childhood disease, cohort analysis, complication, Concussion, consultation, controlled study, disease duration, Dizziness, Female, follow up, football, Hockey, human, Humans, interdisciplinary communication, major clinical study, Male, Manitoba, migraine, neuroimaging, neuropsychological test, Neuropsychological Tests, ODDS ratio, Pathophysiology, Pediatric, Physical Examination, physiotherapy, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Prevalence, priority journal, Reflex, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, return to sport, saccadic eye movement, skating, skiing, Soccer, sport injury, sport related concussion, Sports-related concussion, Trauma, vestibular physiotherapy, Vestibular therapy, vestibulo ocular dysfunction, Vestibulo-Ocular, Vestibulo-ocular dysfunction, vestibuloocular reflex, VOLLEYBALL, Young Adult, youth sport},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Hendricks, S; O’Connor, S; Lambert, M; Brown, J; Burger, N; Fie, S M; Readhead, C; Viljoen, W

Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament Journal Article

In: European Journal of Sport Science, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 557–564, 2015.

@article{Hendricks2015,

title = {Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament},

author = {Hendricks, S and O’Connor, S and Lambert, M and Brown, J and Burger, N and Fie, S M and Readhead, C and Viljoen, W},

doi = {10.1080/17461391.2015.1046192},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {European Journal of Sport Science},

volume = {15},

number = {6},

pages = {557--564},

abstract = {In rugby union, understanding the techniques and events leading to concussions is important because of the nature of the injury and the severity and potential long-term consequences, particularly in junior players. Proper contact technique is a prerequisite for successful participation in rugby and is a major factor associated with injury. However, the execution of proper contact technique and its relationship to injury has yet to be studied in matches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare contact techniques leading to concussion with a representative sample of similarly matched non-injury (NI) contact events. Injury surveillance was conducted at the 2011-2013 under-18 Craven Week Rugby tournaments. Video footage of 10 concussive events (5 tackle, 4 ruck and 1 aerial collision) and 83 NI events were identified (19 tackle, 61 ruck and 3 aerial collisions). Thereafter, each phase of play was analysed using standardised technical proficiency criteria. Overall score for ruck proficiency in concussive events was 5.67 (out of a total of 15) vs. 6.98 for NI events (n = 54) (effect size = 0.52, small). Overall average score for tackler proficiency was 7.25 (n = 4) and 6.67 (n = 15) for injury and NI tackles, respectively (out of 16) (effect size = 0.19, trivial). This is the first study to compare concussion injury contact technique to a player-matched sample of NI contact techniques. Certain individual technical criteria had an effect towards an NI outcome, and others had an effect towards a concussive event, highlighting that failure to execute certain techniques may substantially increase the opportunity for concussion. © 2015 European College of Sport Science.},

keywords = {Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Concussion, football, human, Humans, Injury and prevention, measurement, PHYSIOLOGY, Skill, team sport, videorecording, Videotape Recording},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Marinides, Z; Galetta, K M; Andrews, C N; Wilson, J A; Herman, D C; Robinson, C D; Smith, M S; Bentley, B C; Galetta, S L; Balcer, L J; Clugston, J R

Vision testing is additive to the sideline assessment of sports-related concussion Journal Article

In: Neurology: Clinical Practice, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 25–34, 2015.

Meehan, W P; Jordaan, M; Prabhu, S P; Carew, L; Mannix, R C; Proctor, M R

Risk of athletes with chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries during sports participation is low Journal Article

In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 133–137, 2015.

@article{Meehan2015,

title = {Risk of athletes with chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries during sports participation is low},

author = {Meehan, W P and Jordaan, M and Prabhu, S P and Carew, L and Mannix, R C and Proctor, M R},

doi = {10.1097/JSM.0000000000000107},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},

volume = {25},

number = {2},

pages = {133--137},

abstract = {Objective: To estimate the risk of athletes with Chiari malformations sustaining a catastrophic injury. Design: Retrospective, descriptive cohort study. Participants: All patients diagnosed with Chiari malformation at our institution between June 2008 and November 2011. Assessment of Risk Factors: Participants were mailed a questionnaire regarding the number of seasons they participated in organized athletics. Magnetic resonance images were reviewed to describe the characteristics of respondent's Chiari malformations. Main Outcome Measures: Whether or not the patient had sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Results: We had a 53% (N = 147) response rate. Respondents were of a mean age of 15 years (SD, 2 years) at the time of diagnosis. The mean length of protrusion of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum was 11.2 mm (SD, 5.7 mm). Most of the respondents had pointed cerebellar tonsils and some degree of crowding within the foramen magnum. During a total of 1627 athletic seasons played by patients with Chiari malformation, 0 respondents [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.0000-0.0023] sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Likewise, during 191 collision sport athletic seasons, 0 (95% CI, 0.0000-0.0191) respondents sustained an injury resulting in death, coma, or paralysis. Conclusions: The risk of athletes with Chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries during sports participation is low. This estimate of risk should be considered when making return-toplay decisions. Given the variability of anatomical consideration for patients with Chiari malformations, however, each return-to-play decision must continue to be made on a case-by-case basis, considering all of the available information. Clinical Relevance: The low risk of athletes with Chiari malformations suffering catastrophic injuries in sports should be considered when making return-to-play decisions. © 2014 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Arnold Chiari malformation, Arnold-Chiari Malformation, Article, athlete, Athletes, Athletic Injuries, BASKETBALL, Brain Injuries, cerebrospinal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid flow, Child, cohort analysis, Cohort Studies, coma, Concussion, Death, descriptive research, digestive tract parameters, Female, football, foramen magnum, human, Humans, ice hockey, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, major clinical study, Male, MORTALITY, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, paralysis, paresthesia, pathology, patient participation, priority journal, questionnaire, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, RISK assessment, risk factor, Soccer, sport injury, Surveys and Questionnaires, terminal disease, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Corboy, J R

Cannabis to concussion Journal Article

In: Neurology: Clinical Practice, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 273, 2015.

Anonymous,

Tackling in youth football Journal Article

In: Pediatrics, vol. 136, no. 5, pp. e1419–e1430, 2015.

Asplund, C A; Kutcher, J S

Syncope in athletes of neurological origin: 2B. From personal history and physical examination sections Journal Article

In: Current Sports Medicine Reports, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 256–257, 2015.

'Evaluation of the King–Devick Test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' Corrigendum Journal Article

In: Journal of the Neurological Sciences, vol. 358, no. 1-2, pp. 540, 2015, ISBN: 0022-510X.

@article{Seidman2015a,

title = {'Evaluation of the King\textendashDevick Test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' Corrigendum},

author = {Seidman, Daniel H and Burlingame, Jennifer and Yousif, Lina R and Donahue, Xinh P and Krier, Joshua and Rayes, Lydia J and Young, Rachel and Lilla, Muareen and Mazurek, Rochelle and Hittle, Kristie and McCloskey, Charles and Misra, Saroj and Shaw, Michael K},

doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.348},

isbn = {0022-510X},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of the Neurological Sciences},

volume = {358},

number = {1-2},

pages = {540},

publisher = {Elsevier Science},

address = {Netherlands},

abstract = {Reports an error in 'Evaluation of the King\textendashDevick test as a concussion screening tool in high school football players' by Daniel H. Seidman, Jennifer Burlingame, Lina R. Yousif, Xinh P. Donahue, Joshua Krier, Lydia J. Rayes, Rachel Young, Muareen Lilla, Rochelle Mazurek, Kristie Hittle, Charles McCloskey, Saroj Misra and Michael K. Shaw (Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 2015[Sep][15], Vol 356[1-2], 97-101). In the original article, there was an error in the third paragraph. The sentence originally read 'The test subject reads a series of numbers in right-to-left and up-to-down order on three test cards.' This should read: 'The test subject reads a series of numbers in left-to-right and up-to-down order on three test cards.' The correction is present in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2015-27894-001[/rid]). Objective: Concussion is the most common type of traumatic brain injury, and results from impact or impulsive forces to the head, neck or face. Due to the variability and subtlety of symptoms, concussions may go unrecognized or be ignored, especially with the pressure placed on athletes to return to competition. The King\textendashDevick (KD) test, an oculomotor test originally designed for reading evaluation, was recently validated as a concussion screening tool in collegiate athletes. A prospective study was performed using high school football players in an attempt to study the KD as a concussion screening tool in this younger population. Methods: 343 athletes from four local high school football teams were recruited to participate. These athletes were given baseline KD tests prior to competition. Individual demographic information was collected on the subjects. Standard team protocol was employed to determine if a concussion had occurred during competition. Immediately after diagnosis, the KD test was re-administered to the concussed athlete for comparison to baseline. Post-season testing was also performed in non-concussed individuals. Results: Of the 343 athletes, nine were diagnosed with concussions. In all concussed players, cumulative read times for the KD test were significantly increased (p \< 0.001). Post-season testing of non-concussed athletes revealed minimal change in read times relative to baseline. Univariate analysis revealed that history of concussion was the only demographic factor predictive of concussion in this cohort. Conclusion: The KD test is an accurate and easily administered sideline screening tool for concussion in adolescent football players. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},

keywords = {2015, Athletes, diffuse axonal injury, football, High Schools, Neuropsychological assessment, Neuropsychological Tests, Post-Concussion Syndrome, screening, traumatic brain injury, Visual motor coordination},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Steiner, M E; Berkstresser, B D; Richardson, L; Elia, G; Wang, F

Full-Contact Practice and Injuries in College Football Journal Article

In: Sports Health, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 217–223, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Concussions, football, Injuries, injury exposures

@article{Steiner2015,

title = {Full-Contact Practice and Injuries in College Football},

author = {Steiner, M E and Berkstresser, B D and Richardson, L and Elia, G and Wang, F},

doi = {10.1177/1941738115626689},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Sports Health},

volume = {8},

number = {3},

pages = {217--223},

abstract = {Background: Despite recent restrictions being placed on practice in college football, there are little data to correlate such changes with injuries. Hypothesis: Football injuries will correlate with a team’s exposure to full-contact practice, total practice, and total games. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: All injuries and athlete injury exposures (AE × Min = athletes exposed × activity duration in minutes) were recorded for an intercollegiate football team over 4 consecutive fall seasons. Weekly injuries and injury rates (injuries per athletic injury exposure) were correlated with the weekly exposures to full-contact practices, total practices, formal scrimmages, and games. Results: The preseason practice injury rate was over twice the in-season practice injury rate (P \< 0.001). For preseason, injury exposures were higher for full-contact practice (P = 0.0166), total practices (P = 0.015), and scrimmages/games (P = 0.034) compared with in-season. Preseason and in-season practice injuries correlated with exposure to full-contact practice combined with scrimmages for preseason (P \< 0.008) and full-contact practice combined with games for in-season (P = 0.0325). The game injury rate was over 6 times greater than the practice injury rate (P \< 0.0001). Concussions constituted 14.5% of all injuries, and the incidence of concussions correlated with the incidence of all injuries (P = 0.0001). Strength training did not correlate with injuries. Conclusion: Decreased exposure to full-contact practice may decrease the incidence of practice injuries and practice concussions. However, the game injury rate was over 6 times greater than the practice injury rate and had an inverse correlation with full-contact practice. © 2016, 2016 The Author(s).},

keywords = {Concussions, football, Injuries, injury exposures},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Fuller, C W; Jones, R; Fuller, A D

Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas Journal Article

In: Injury Prevention, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 309–313, 2015.

@article{Fuller2015ab,

title = {Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas},

author = {Fuller, C W and Jones, R and Fuller, A D},

doi = {10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041587},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Injury Prevention},

volume = {21},

number = {5},

pages = {309--313},

abstract = {Objectives To identify the circumstances in which international rugby players exit the playing area during match activities and to define a safe run-off distance around the playing area. Method An observational study using video recordings of 102 matches associated with the Rugby World Cup (2011), Rugby Championship (2013, 2014) and Six Nations Championship (2013, 2014) were used to analyse every event in which one or more players exited the playing area during normal match activities. The circumstances in which a player exited the playing area were categorised using a range of parameters: playing position, location, out-of-play region, match activity, distance travelled over the touchline, contacts made with pitchside fixtures and fittings. Results Ninety-five per cent of player-excursions took place within 5.2 m of the touchline. Players exiting the playing area were nearly three times more likely to be a back than a forward (p\<0.001) and the event was more likely to take place when a team was defending than attacking (p\<0.001). Being forced out of play during a contact event (70%) was the major reason for players exiting the playing area. Most players (88%) exiting the playing area only made contact with the perimeter area surface; a small proportion of players contacted touchline flags (6.1%), advertising boards (2.3%) and TV cameras/equipment (1.0%). Conclusions A minimum hazard-free distance of 5 m around a Rugby pitch is proposed based on the 95% percentile frequency distribution of player-excursion events into the areas contiguous with the playing area. © 2015 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {Accident prevention, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Competitive Behavior, Environment Design, environmental planning, exercise, football, human, Humans, Incidence, Male, Physical Conditioning, physical education, Physical Education and Training, procedures, risk factor, Risk Factors, Sprains and Strains, VIDEO recording, videorecording},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S

The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head Journal Article

In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.

@article{Patton2015,

title = {The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head},

author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S and Kleiven, S},

doi = {10.1123/jab.2014-0223},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},

volume = {31},

number = {4},

pages = {264--268},

abstract = {Biomechanical studies of concussions have progressed from qualitative observations of head impacts to physical and numerical reconstructions, direct impact measurements, and finite element analyses. Supplementary to a previous study, which investigated maximum principal strain, the current study used a detailed finite element head model to simulate unhelmeted concussion and no-injury head impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of various tissue-level brain injury predictors: strain rate, product of strain and strain rate, cumulative strain damage measure, von Mises stress, and intracranial pressure. Von Mises stress was found to be the most effective predictor of concussion. It was also found that the thalamus and corpus callosum were brain regions with strong associations with concussion. Tentative tolerance limits for tissue-level predictors were proposed in an attempt to broaden the understanding of unhelmeted concussions. For the thalamus, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 2.24 kPa, 24.0 s-1, and 2.49 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. For the corpus callosum, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 3.51 kPa, 25.1 s-1, and 2.76 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.},

keywords = {Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Brown, J C; Viljoen, W; Lambert, M I; Readhead, C; Fuller, C; Van Mechelen, W; Verhagen, E

The economic burden of time-loss injuries to youth players participating in week-long rugby union tournaments Journal Article

In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 394–399, 2015.

@article{Brown2015b,

title = {The economic burden of time-loss injuries to youth players participating in week-long rugby union tournaments},

author = {Brown, J C and Viljoen, W and Lambert, M I and Readhead, C and Fuller, C and {Van Mechelen}, W and Verhagen, E},

doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2014.06.015},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},

volume = {18},

number = {4},

pages = {394--399},

abstract = {Objectives: Rugby Union ("rugby") is a popular sport with high injury risk. Burden of injury is described by the incidence and severity of injury. However reports have ignored the monetary cost of injuries. Therefore the aim of this study was to describe the monetary cost associated with youth rugby injuries. Design: This descriptive study quantified medical treatments of injured players at the South African Rugby Union Youth tournaments in 2011/2012 and the days of work parents missed as a result of the injuries. A health insurer used these data to calculate associated costs. Methods: Legal guardians of the 421 injured players were contacted telephonically on a weekly basis until they returned to play. Treatments costs were estimated in South African Rands based on 2013 insurance rates and converted to US$ using purchasing power parities. Results: Of the 3652 players, 2% (n=71) sought medical care after the tournament. For these players, average treatment costs were high (US$731 per player, 95% CI: US$425-US$1096), with fractures being the most expensive type of injury. Players with medical insurance had higher costs (US$937, 95% CI: US$486-US$1500) than those without (US$220, 95% CI: US$145-US$302). Conclusions: Although a minority of players sought follow-up treatment after the tournaments, the cost of these injuries was high. Players without medical insurance having lower costs may indicate that these players did not receive adequate treatment for their injuries. Injury prevention efforts should consider injuries with high costs and the treatment of players without medical insurance. © 2014 Sports Medicine Australia.},

keywords = {Absenteeism, Adolescent, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, Back Injuries, biokinetics, bone, Child, competition, Concussion, contusion, Craniocerebral Trauma, economic evaluation, economics, follow up, football, Football/economics, Football/economics/cost analysis, Football/injuries (MeSH terms), fracture, Fractures, head injury, Health, health care cost, Health Care Costs, health insurance, human, Humans, Injuries, injury, injury scale, Insurance, laceration, legal guardian, Lower Extremity, lower limb, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL care, muscle cramp, muscle strain, Neck Injuries, neck injury, Occupational Therapy, Parent, physical medicine, physiotherapy, radiodiagnosis, rugby, skin bruising, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, Trauma Severity Indices, Upper Extremity, upper limb, Wounds and Injuries},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Timpka, T; Jacobsson, J; Ekberg, J; Finch, C F; Bichenbach, J; Edouard, P; Bargoria, V; Branco, P; Alonso, J M

In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 643–650, 2015.

@article{Timpka2015,

title = {Meta-narrative analysis of sports injury reporting practices based on the Injury Definitions Concept Framework (IDCF): A review of consensus statements and epidemiological studies in athletics (track and field)},

author = {Timpka, T and Jacobsson, J and Ekberg, J and Finch, C F and Bichenbach, J and Edouard, P and Bargoria, V and Branco, P and Alonso, J M},

doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.393},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},

volume = {18},

number = {6},

pages = {643--650},

abstract = {Objectives: Consistency in routines for reporting injury has been a focus of development efforts in sports epidemiology for a long time. To gain an improved understanding of current reporting practices, we applied the Injury Definitions Concept Framework (IDCF) in a review of injury reporting in a subset of the field. Design: Meta-narrative review. Methods: An analysis of injury definitions reported in consensus statements for different sports and studies of injury epidemiology in athletics (track and field) published in PubMed between 1980 and 2013 was performed. Separate narratives for each of the three reporting contexts in the IDCF were constructed from the data. Results: Six consensus statements and 14 studies reporting on athletics injury epidemiology fulfilled the selection criteria. The narratives on sports performance, clinical examination, and athlete self-report contexts were evenly represented in the eligible studies. The sports performance and athlete self-report narratives covered both professional and community athletes as well as training and competition settings. In the clinical examination narrative, data collection by health service professionals was linked to studies of professional athletes at international championships. Conclusions: From an application of the IDCF in a review of injury reporting in sports epidemiology we observed a parallel usage of reporting contexts in this field of research. The co-existence of reporting methodologies does not necessarily reflect a problematic situation, but only provided that firm precautions are taken when comparing studies performed in the different contexts. © 2014 Sports Medicine Australia.},

keywords = {accident, athletic performance, clinical examination, competition, Concussion, Consensus, Epidemiologic Methods, epidemiological data, EPIDEMIOLOGY, football, head injury, health service, human, Humans, information processing, Injuries, Medline, meta analysis, METHODOLOGY, musculoskeletal disease, neck injury, nomenclature, Overuse injuries, physical education, procedures, Qualitative methods, Research Design, Review, self report, sport injury, Sports epidemiology, sports injury, SPORTS medicine, Systematic Review, tennis, Terminology, Terminology as Topic, track and field, training},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Alworth, M; Bond, M C; Brady, W J

The sports medicine literature 2013 Journal Article

In: American Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1283–1287, 2015.

Edlow, B L; Hinson, H E

Blowing the whistle on sports concussions Journal Article

In: Neurology, vol. 85, no. 17, pp. 1442–1443, 2015.

2014

Buzas, David; Jacobson, Nathan A; Morawa, Lawrence G

Concussions From 9 Youth Organized Sports: Results From NEISS Hospitals Over an 11-Year Time Frame, 2002-2012 Journal Article

In: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, pp. 1–8, 2014.

Montenigro, P H; Baugh, C M; Daneshvar, D H; Mez, J; Budson, A E; Au, R; Katz, D I; Cantu, R C; Stern, R A

Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome Journal Article

In: Alzheimer's Research and Therapy, vol. 6, no. 5-8, 2014.

@article{Montenigro2014,

title = {Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome},

author = {Montenigro, P H and Baugh, C M and Daneshvar, D H and Mez, J and Budson, A E and Au, R and Katz, D I and Cantu, R C and Stern, R A},

url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84908410645\&partnerID=40\&md5=bab59baeecd5adb22d0f84a4ce99bd5c},

doi = {10.1186/s13195-014-0068-z},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Alzheimer's Research and Therapy},

volume = {6},

number = {5-8},

abstract = {The long-term consequences of repetitive head impacts have been described since the early 20th century. Terms such as punch drunk and dementia pugilistica were first used to describe the clinical syndromes experienced by boxers. A more generic designation, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), has been employed since the mid-1900s and has been used in recent years to describe a neurodegenerative disease found not just in boxers but in American football players, other contact sport athletes, military veterans, and others with histories of repetitive brain trauma, including concussions and subconcussive trauma. This article reviews the literature of the clinical manifestations of CTE from 202 published cases. The clinical features include impairments in mood (for example, depression and hopelessness), behavior (for example, explosivity and violence), cognition (for example, impaired memory, executive functioning, attention, and dementia), and, less commonly, motor functioning (for example, parkinsonism, ataxia, and dysarthria). We present proposed research criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) which consist of four variants or subtypes (TES behavioral/mood variant, TES cognitive variant, TES mixed variant, and TES dementia) as well as classifications of 'probable CTE' and 'possible CTE'. These proposed criteria are expected to be modified and updated as new research findings become available. They are not meant to be used for a clinical diagnosis. Rather, they should be viewed as research criteria that can be employed in studies of the underlying causes, risk factors, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CTE and related disorders. © 2014 Montenigro et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},

keywords = {Anxiety, apathy, ataxia, ataxic gait, attention, attention disturbance, behavior disorder, blunted affect, Boxing, chronic brain disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy aggression, clinical feature, clonus, cognitive defect, contact sport, delusion, Dementia, depression, depth perception, differential diagnosis, disease classification, dysarthria, dysgraphia, euphoria, executive function, fatigue, football, hopelessness, human, ice hockey, impulsiveness, insomnia, intelligence, irritability, language disability, mania, medical literature, memory disorder, mental concentration, mental instability, mood disorder, muscle weakness, neurologic gait disorder, paranoia, Parkinsonism, personality disorder, physical violence, preventive medicine, psychosis, Research Diagnostic Criteria, Review, risk factor, shuffling gait, social disability, social isolation, spastic gait, spasticity, speech disorder, sport injury, suicidal ideation, traumatic brain injury, traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, tremor, unsteady gait, violence, wrestling},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Gandy, S; Ikonomovic, M D; Mitsis, E; Elder, G; Ahlers, S T; Barth, J; Stone, J R; Dekosky, S T

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Clinical-biomarker correlations and current concepts in pathogenesis Journal Article

In: Molecular Neurodegeneration, vol. 9, no. 1, 2014.

@article{Gandy2014a,

title = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: Clinical-biomarker correlations and current concepts in pathogenesis},

author = {Gandy, S and Ikonomovic, M D and Mitsis, E and Elder, G and Ahlers, S T and Barth, J and Stone, J R and Dekosky, S T},

url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84907464163\&partnerID=40\&md5=109c916e926417c11bab99fd7b44065c},

doi = {10.1186/1750-1326-9-37},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Molecular Neurodegeneration},

volume = {9},

number = {1},

abstract = {Background: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a recently revived term used to describe a neurodegenerative process that occurs as a long term complication of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Corsellis provided one of the classic descriptions of CTE in boxers under the name "dementia pugilistica" (DP). Much recent attention has been drawn to the apparent association of CTE with contact sports (football, soccer, hockey) and with frequent battlefield exposure to blast waves generated by improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Recently, a promising serum biomarker has been identified by measurement of serum levels of the neuronal microtubule associated protein tau. New positron emission tomography (PET) ligands (e.g., [18F] T807) that identify brain tauopathy have been successfully deployed for the in vitro and in vivo detection of presumptive tauopathy in the brains of subjects with clinically probable CTE. Methods. Major academic and lay publications on DP/CTE were reviewed beginning with the 1928 paper describing the initial use of the term CTE by Martland. Results: The major current concepts in the neurological, psychiatric, neuropsychological, neuroimaging, and body fluid biomarker science of DP/CTE have been summarized. Newer achievements, such as serum tau and [18F] T807 tauopathy imaging, are also introduced and their significance has been explained. Conclusion: Recent advances in the science of DP/CTE hold promise for elucidating a long sought accurate determination of the true prevalence of CTE. This information holds potentially important public health implications for estimating the risk of contact sports in inflicting permanent and/or progressive brain damage on children, adolescents, and adults. © 2014Gandy et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.},

keywords = {animal model, army, Article, blast injury, body fluid, Boxing, chronic disease, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy biological marker, Dementia, dementia pugilistica, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, executive function, experimental animal, fluorine 18, football, functional magnetic resonance imaging, functional neuroimaging, human, molecular pathology, neuropathology, neuropsychology, nonhuman, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Occupational Exposure, positron emission tomography, punch drunk syndrome, systematic review (topic), traumatic brain injury, white matter, working memory},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Tauopathy PET and amyloid PET in the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathies: Studies of a retired NFL player and of a man with FTD and a severe head injury Journal Article

In: Translational Psychiatry, vol. 4, no. 9, 2014.

@article{Mitsis2014,

title = {Tauopathy PET and amyloid PET in the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathies: Studies of a retired NFL player and of a man with FTD and a severe head injury},

author = {Mitsis, E M and Riggio, S and Kostakoglu, L and Dickstein, D L and Machac, J and Delman, B and Goldstein, M and Jennings, D and D'Antonio, E and Martin, J and Naidich, T P and Aloysi, A and Fernandez, C and Seibyl, J and DeKosky, S T and Elder, G A and Marek, K and Gordon, W and Hof, P R and Sano, M and Gandy, S},

url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84918535750\&partnerID=40\&md5=704b918a7429432cbd631e703c44eb63},

doi = {10.1038/tp.2014.91},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Translational Psychiatry},

volume = {4},

number = {9},

abstract = {Single, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) which elevates CNS amyloid, increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD); while repetitive concussive and subconcussive events as observed in athletes and military personnel, may increase the risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). We describe two clinical cases, one with a history of multiple concussions during a career in the National Football League (NFL) and the second with frontotemporal dementia and a single, severe TBI. Both patients presented with cognitive decline and underwent [18F]-Florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for amyloid plaques; the retired NFL player also underwent [18F]-T807 PET imaging, a new ligand binding to tau, the main constituent of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Case 1, the former NFL player, was 71 years old when he presented with memory impairment and a clinical profile highly similar to AD. [18F]-Florbetapir PET imaging was negative, essentially excluding AD as a diagnosis. CTE was suspected clinically, and [18F]-T807 PET imaging revealed striatal and nigral [18F]-T807 retention consistent with the presence of tauopathy. Case 2 was a 56- year-old man with personality changes and cognitive decline who had sustained a fall complicated by a subdural hematoma. At 1 year post injury, [18F]-Florbetapir PET imaging was negative for an AD pattern of amyloid accumulation in this subject. Focal [18F]- Florbetapir retention was noted at the site of impact. In case 1, amyloid imaging provided improved diagnostic accuracy where standard clinical and laboratory criteria were inadequate. In that same case, tau imaging with [18F]-T807 revealed a subcortical tauopathy that we interpret as a novel form of CTE with a distribution of tauopathy that mimics, to some extent, that of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), despite a clinical presentation of amnesia without any movement disorder complaints or signs. A key distinguishing feature is that our patient presented with hippocampal involvement, which is more frequently seen in CTE than in PSP. In case 2, focal [18F]-Florbetapir retention at the site of injury in an otherwise negative scan suggests focal amyloid aggregation. In each of these complex cases, a combination of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose, [18F]-Florbetapir and/or [18F]-T807 PET molecular imaging improved the accuracy of diagnosis and prevented inappropriate interventions. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited.},

keywords = {adult, aged, amyloid plaque, arachnoid cyst, Article, case report, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy florbetapir f 18, Concussion, diagnostic accuracy, eye movement, football, frontotemporal dementia, head injury, human, injury severity, ligand binding, Male, memory disorder, middle aged, molecular imaging, motor dysfunction, muscle tone, personality disorder, positron emission tomography, short term memory, subdural hematoma, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Baugh, C M; Robbins, C A; Stern, R A; McKee, A C

Current understanding of chronic traumatic encephalopathy Journal Article

In: Current Treatment Options in Neurology, vol. 16, no. 9, 2014.

Wu, L C; Zarnescu, L; Nangia, V; Cam, B; Camarillo, D B

A head impact detection system using SVM classification and proximity sensing in an instrumented mouthguard Journal Article

In: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 2659–2668, 2014.

@article{Wu2014,

title = {A head impact detection system using SVM classification and proximity sensing in an instrumented mouthguard},

author = {Wu, L C and Zarnescu, L and Nangia, V and Cam, B and Camarillo, D B},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering},

volume = {61},

number = {11},

pages = {2659--2668},

abstract = {Injury from blunt head impacts causes acute neurological deficits and may lead to chronic neurodegeneration. A head impact detection device can serve both as a research tool for studying head injury mechanisms and a clinical tool for real-time trauma screening. The simplest approach is an acceleration thresholding algorithm, which may falsely detect high-acceleration spurious events such as manual manipulation of the device. We designed a head impact detection system that distinguishes head impacts from nonimpacts through two subsystems. First, we use infrared proximity sensing to determine if the mouthguard is worn on the teeth to filter out all off-teeth events. Second, on-teeth, nonimpact events are rejected using a support vector machine classifier trained on frequency domain features of linear acceleration and rotational velocity. The remaining events are classified as head impacts. In a controlled laboratory evaluation, the present system performed substantially better than a 10-g acceleration threshold in head impact detection (98% sensitivity, 99.99% specificity, 99% accuracy, and 99.98% precision, compared to 92% sensitivity, 58% specificity, 65% accuracy, and 37% precision). Once adapted for field deployment by training and validation with field data, this system has the potential to effectively detect head trauma in sports, military service, and other high-risk activities.},

keywords = {*Biomechanical Phenomena/ph [Physiology], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Monitoring, *Mouth Protectors, *Support Vector Machine, Acceleration, Accelerometry/is [Instrumentation], Ambulatory/is [Instrumentation], Ambulatory/mt [Methods], Closed, Computer-Assisted/is [Instrumen, football, Head Injuries, Humans, Infrared Rays, Monitoring, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

2013

Jadischke, R; Viano, D C; Dau, N; King, A I; McCarthy, J

On the accuracy of the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System used in football helmets Journal Article

In: Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 46, no. 13, pp. 2310–2315, 2013.

@article{Jadischke2013,

title = {On the accuracy of the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System used in football helmets},

author = {Jadischke, R and Viano, D C and Dau, N and King, A I and McCarthy, J},

year  = {2013},

date = {2013-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Biomechanics},

volume = {46},

number = {13},

pages = {2310--2315},

abstract = {On-field measurement of head impacts has relied on the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System, which uses helmet mounted accelerometers to determine linear and angular head accelerations. HIT is used in youth and collegiate football to assess the frequency and severity of helmet impacts. This paper evaluates the accuracy of HIT for individual head impacts. Most HIT validations used a medium helmet on a Hybrid III head. However, the appropriate helmet is large based on the Hybrid III head circumference (58 cm) and manufacturer's fitting instructions. An instrumented skull cap was used to measure the pressure between the head of football players (n=63) and their helmet. The average pressure with a large helmet on the Hybrid III was comparable to the average pressure from helmets used by players. A medium helmet on the Hybrid III produced average pressures greater than the 99th percentile volunteer pressure level. Linear impactor tests were conducted using a large and medium helmet on the Hybrid III. Testing was conducted by two independent laboratories. HIT data were compared to data from the Hybrid III equipped with a 3-2-2-2 accelerometer array. The absolute and root mean square error (RMSE) for HIT were computed for each impact (n=90). Fifty-five percent (n=49) had an absolute error greater than 15% while the RMSE was 59.1% for peak linear acceleration. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {*Head Protective Devices/st [Standards], *Materials Testing, *Sports Equipment/st [Standards], *Telemetry/is [Instrumentation], Adolescent, adult, Equipment Design, football, Humans, Male, Pressure, Young Adult},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

2012

Keefer, Raina

In the game Journal Article

In: ACR Bulletin, vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 10–12, 2012, ISBN: 0098-6070.

2001

Moss, R I

Prevention. Preventing postconcussion sequelae Journal Article

In: Athletic Therapy Today, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 28–29, 2001, ISBN: 1078-7895.

BibTeX | Tags: Athletic Injuries -- Diagnosis, Brain Concussion -- Diagnosis, Clinical Assessment Tools, DIAGNOSIS, football, Memory Disorders -- Diagnosis, Neurologic -- Methods