Lyon, Louisa
High impact research: investigating the effects of repetitive head injury Journal Article
In: Brain: A Journal of Neurology, vol. 140, no. 1, pp. e6–e6, 2017, ISBN: 00068950.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: BRAIN -- Concussion, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, DISEASE susceptibility, Head Injuries, NATIONAL Football League
@article{Lyon2017,
title = {High impact research: investigating the effects of repetitive head injury},
author = {Lyon, Louisa},
doi = {10.1093/brain/aww294},
isbn = {00068950},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Brain: A Journal of Neurology},
volume = {140},
number = {1},
pages = {e6--e6},
keywords = {BRAIN -- Concussion, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, DISEASE susceptibility, Head Injuries, NATIONAL Football League},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dickson, T J; Trathen, S; Terwiel, F A; Waddington, G; Adams, R
Head injury trends and helmet use in skiers and snowboarders in Western Canada, 2008-2009 to 2012-2013: an ecological study Journal Article
In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 236–244, 2017, ISBN: 09057188.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CANADA, CHI-squared test, Concussion, CONTENT mining, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Ecological research, Head Injuries, Helmets, Injury prevention, LOGISTIC regression analysis, ODDS ratio, PROBABILITY theory, SAFETY hats, SEVERITY of illness index, skiing, Skiing injuries, Snowboarding, Snowboarding injuries
@article{Dickson2017,
title = {Head injury trends and helmet use in skiers and snowboarders in Western Canada, 2008-2009 to 2012-2013: an ecological study},
author = {Dickson, T J and Trathen, S and Terwiel, F A and Waddington, G and Adams, R},
doi = {10.1111/sms.12642},
isbn = {09057188},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Medicine \& Science in Sports},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {236--244},
abstract = {This research explored associations between helmet use and head injuries in snowsports by investigating reported snowsport injuries in Western Canada from 2008-2009 to 2012-2013. The key finding was that increased helmet use (from 69% to 80%) was not associated with a reduction in reported head injuries. Over the study period, the average rate of reported head injuries was 0.2/1000 skier visits, with a statistically significant variation ( P \< 0.001). The line of best fit showed an non-significant upward trend ( P = 0.13). Lacerations were the only subcategory of head injuries that decreased significantly with helmet use. A higher proportion of people who reported a head injury were wearing a helmet than for injuries other than to the head. Skiers were more likely to report a head injury when wearing a helmet than snowboarders ( P \< 0.001 cf. P = 0.22). There were significant differences in characteristics of helmet and non-helmet wearers. Helmet wearers were more likely to be: young adults ( P \< 0.001); beginner/novices ( P = 0.004); and snowboarders ( P \< 0.001), but helmet wearing was not associated with gender ( P = 0.191). Further research is needed to explore the possible reasons for the failure of helmets to reduce head injuries, for example, increased reporting of head injuries and increased risk-taking combined with over-rating of the helmets' protection.},
keywords = {CANADA, CHI-squared test, Concussion, CONTENT mining, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Ecological research, Head Injuries, Helmets, Injury prevention, LOGISTIC regression analysis, ODDS ratio, PROBABILITY theory, SAFETY hats, SEVERITY of illness index, skiing, Skiing injuries, Snowboarding, Snowboarding injuries},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Zirkel, Perry A
Court Decisions Specific to Public School Responses to Student Concussions Journal Article
In: Physical Disabilities: Education and Related Services, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1–16, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Academic Accommodations (Disabilities), Athletics, CALIFORNIA, Constitutional Law, Court Litigation, DECISION making, DISABILITIES, Educational Legislation, Eligibility, Equal Education, Federal Legislation, Head Injuries, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Nebraska, PENNSYLVANIA, Public Schools, Referral, Texas
@article{Zirkel2016,
title = {Court Decisions Specific to Public School Responses to Student Concussions},
author = {Zirkel, Perry A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Physical Disabilities: Education and Related Services},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Physical Disabilities: Education and Related Services},
abstract = {This article provides an up-to-date and comprehensive canvassing of the judicial case law concerning the responses to students with concussions in the public school context. The two categories of court decisions are (a) those concerning continued participation in interscholastic athletics, referred to under the rubric of "return to play" and (b) those concerning the legal obligations in facilitating the continued educational progress of the student, referred to under the rubric of "return to school." The case law in the first category primarily addresses state common law claims of negligence and federal constitutional claims under the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause. The court decisions in the second category primarily address the successive issues of child find, eligibility, and "free appropriate public education" (including but not necessarily limited to accommodations) under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The outcomes of the court decisions thus far have been largely in favor of the district defendants, but the case law is far from crystallized and complete.},
keywords = {Academic Accommodations (Disabilities), Athletics, CALIFORNIA, Constitutional Law, Court Litigation, DECISION making, DISABILITIES, Educational Legislation, Eligibility, Equal Education, Federal Legislation, Head Injuries, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Nebraska, PENNSYLVANIA, Public Schools, Referral, Texas},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Naeser, M A; Martin, P I; Ho, M D; Krengel, M H; Bogdanova, Y; Knight, J A; Yee, M K; Zafonte, R; Frazier, J; Hamblin, M R; Koo, B B
Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy to improve cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 610–626, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accidents, Adenosinetriphosphate, brain, Cognitive dysfunction, Diodes, Explosives, Head Injuries, Hemodynamics, Infrared devices, LED, Light, Light emitting diodes, Lightemitting diodes, LLLT, Nitric oxide, Patient monitoring, Patient treatment, PBM, Photobiomodulation, postconcussion syndrome, PTSD, Sports, Sports head injury, TBI, TBI treatment, Traumatic Brain Injuries, traumatic brain injury
@article{Naeser2016,
title = {Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy to improve cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury},
author = {Naeser, M A and Martin, P I and Ho, M D and Krengel, M H and Bogdanova, Y and Knight, J A and Yee, M K and Zafonte, R and Frazier, J and Hamblin, M R and Koo, B B},
doi = {10.1089/pho.2015.4037},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Photomedicine and Laser Surgery},
volume = {34},
number = {12},
pages = {610--626},
abstract = {Objective: We review the general topic of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and our research utilizing transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) to improve cognition in chronic TBI using red/near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to deliver light to the head. tPBM improves mitochondrial function increasing oxygen consumption, production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and improving cellular energy stores. Nitric oxide is released from the cells increasing regional blood flow in the brain. Review of published studies: In our previously published study, 11 chronic TBI patients with closed-head TBI caused by different accidents (motor vehicle accident, sports-related, improvised explosive device blast injury) and exhibiting long-lasting cognitive dysfunction received 18 outpatient treatments (Monday, Wednesday, Friday for 6 weeks) starting at 10 months to 8 years post-TBI. LED therapy is nonthermal, painless, and noninvasive. An LED-based device classified as nonsignificant risk (FDA cleared) was used. Each LED cluster head (5.35 cm diameter, 500mW, 22.2 mW/cm2) was applied for 9 min 45 sec (13 J/cm2) using 11 locations on the scalp: midline from front-to-back hairline and bilaterally on frontal, parietal, and temporal areas. Testing was performed before and after transcranial LED (tLED; at 1 week, 1 month, and at 2 months after the 18th treatment) and showed significant improvements in executive function and verbal memory. There were also fewer post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms reported. Ongoing studies: Ongoing, current studies involve TBI patients who have been treated with tLED using either 26 J/cm2 per LED location on the head or treated with intranasal only (iLED) using red (633 nm) and NIR (810 nm) diodes placed into the nostrils. The NIR iLED is hypothesized to deliver photons to the hippocampus, and the red 633 nm iLED is believed to increase melatonin. Results have been similar to the previously published tLED study. Actigraphy sleep data showed increased time asleep (on average one additional hour per night) after the 18th tLED or iLED treatment. LED treatments may be performed in the home. Sham-controlled studies with veterans who have cognitive dysfunction from Gulf War Illness, blast TBI, and TBI/PTSD are currently ongoing. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
keywords = {Accidents, Adenosinetriphosphate, brain, Cognitive dysfunction, Diodes, Explosives, Head Injuries, Hemodynamics, Infrared devices, LED, Light, Light emitting diodes, Lightemitting diodes, LLLT, Nitric oxide, Patient monitoring, Patient treatment, PBM, Photobiomodulation, postconcussion syndrome, PTSD, Sports, Sports head injury, TBI, TBI treatment, Traumatic Brain Injuries, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Subbian, V; Ratcliff, J J; Korfhagen, J J; Hart, K W; Meunier, J M; Shaw, G J; Lindsell, C J; Beyette Jr., F R
A Novel Tool for Evaluation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients in the Emergency Department: Does Robotic Assessment of Neuromotor Performance Following Injury Predict the Presence of Postconcussion Symptoms at Follow-up? Journal Article
In: Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 382–392, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Emergency Service, *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/et [Etiology], *Robotics/mt [Methods], adult, Closed/co [Complications], Diagnostic Techniques, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Head Injuries, Hospital/og [Organization & Ad, Humans, Male, middle aged, Neurological, Observer Variation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Urban Population, Young Adult
@article{Subbian2016,
title = {A Novel Tool for Evaluation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients in the Emergency Department: Does Robotic Assessment of Neuromotor Performance Following Injury Predict the Presence of Postconcussion Symptoms at Follow-up?},
author = {Subbian, V and Ratcliff, J J and Korfhagen, J J and Hart, K W and Meunier, J M and Shaw, G J and Lindsell, C J and {Beyette Jr.}, F R},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Academic Emergency Medicine},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
pages = {382--392},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Postconcussion symptoms (PCS) are a common complication of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Currently, there is no validated clinically available method to reliably predict at the time of injury who will subsequently develop PCS. The purpose of this study was to determine if PCS following mild TBI can be predicted during the initial presentation to an emergency department (ED) using a novel robotic-assisted assessment of neurologic function. METHODS: All patients presenting to an urban ED with a chief complaint of head injury within the preceding 24 hours were screened for inclusion from March 2013 to April 2014. The enrollment criteria were as follows: 1) age of 18 years or greater, 2) ability and willingness to provide written informed consent, 3) blunt head trauma and clinical diagnosis of isolated mild TBI by the treating physician, and 4) blood alcohol level of \<100 mg/dL. Eligible mild TBI patients were enrolled and their neuromotor function was assessed in the ED using a battery of five tests that cover a range of proprioceptive, visuomotor, visuospatial, and executive function performance metrics. At 3 weeks postinjury, participants were contacted via telephone to complete the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire to assess the presence of significant PCS. RESULTS: A total of 66 mild TBI patients were enrolled in the study with 42 of them completing both the ED assessment and the follow-up; 40 patients were included in the analyses. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the entire test battery was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54 to 0.90). The AUC for tests that primarily measure visuomotor and proprioceptive performance were 0.80 (95% CI = 0.65 to 0.95) and 0.71 (95% CI = 0.53 to 0.89), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The robotic-assisted test battery has the ability to discriminate between subjects who developed PCS and those who did not. Additionally, poor visuomotor and proprioceptive performance were most strongly associated with subsequent PCS.Copyright © 2016 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.},
keywords = {*Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Emergency Service, *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/et [Etiology], *Robotics/mt [Methods], adult, Closed/co [Complications], Diagnostic Techniques, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Head Injuries, Hospital/og [Organization \& Ad, Humans, Male, middle aged, Neurological, Observer Variation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Urban Population, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Whyte, Thomas; Gibson, Tom; Anderson, Robert; Eager, David; Milthorpe, Bruce
Mechanisms of head and neck injuries sustained by helmeted motorcyclists in fatal real-world crashes: Analysis of 47 in-depth cases Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 33, no. 19, pp. 1802–1807, 2016, ISBN: 0897-7151 1557-9042.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 2016, BRAIN damage, Head Injuries, Helmet, mechanisms, Motor Vehicles, motorcyclist, Safety devices, traumatic injury
@article{Whyte2016,
title = {Mechanisms of head and neck injuries sustained by helmeted motorcyclists in fatal real-world crashes: Analysis of 47 in-depth cases},
author = {Whyte, Thomas and Gibson, Tom and Anderson, Robert and Eager, David and Milthorpe, Bruce},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2015.4208},
isbn = {0897-7151
1557-9042},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {33},
number = {19},
pages = {1802--1807},
publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
address = {US},
abstract = {Despite an improved understanding of traumatic head and neck injury mechanisms, the impact tests required by major motorcycle helmet standards have remained unchanged for decades. Development of new test methods must reflect the specific impact loads causing injury in real crashes as well as test criteria appropriate for the observed injury profiles. This study analysed a collection of in-depth crash investigations of fatally injured helmeted riders in the Adelaide metropolitan region between 1983 and 1994 inclusive to review the head and neck injury patterns that resulted from specific types of impact. Inertial brain injury was sustained in 49% of examined cases, most often resulting from facial impacts but also in a large proportion of tangential, run over, and occipital impact cases. Focal brain and brainstem injury was also common (53%) and regularly associated with skull vault (11/12) and skull base fractures (22/31). Prevention of these fractures in impacts outside the area of required protection and in impacts with a straight edge would provide a significant increase in helmeted rider protection. Cervical spinal cord injury was sustained in facial, straight edge, and tangential impacts on the head. Motorcycle helmets are effective for preventing local skull fractures in impacts for which they are designed, whereas other serious injuries such as basilar skull fracture (BSF) and inertial brain injury persist despite helmet protection. Further impact test procedures should be developed for injurious impact types not currently assessed by major helmet standards, in particular facial impacts, and using test criteria based on commonly observed injuries. This study provides the necessary link, from impact load to injury, for guiding impact test development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {2016, BRAIN damage, Head Injuries, Helmet, mechanisms, Motor Vehicles, motorcyclist, Safety devices, traumatic injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S
Considerations for the performance requirements and technical specifications of soft-shell padded headgear Journal Article
In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, vol. 230, no. 1, pp. 29–42, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Australian football, Biomechanics, Concussion, Design, Head Injuries, head injury, headgear, Injury prevention, protective equipment, rugby, Sports
@article{Patton2016b,
title = {Considerations for the performance requirements and technical specifications of soft-shell padded headgear},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S},
doi = {10.1177/1754337115615482},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology},
volume = {230},
number = {1},
pages = {29--42},
abstract = {Laboratory and epidemiological research in Australian football, rugby league and rugby union has demonstrated that commercially available soft-shell padded headgear is currently ineffective in reducing the risk of concussion. However, modified headgear studies have demonstrated that significant improvements in impact energy attenuation performance are possible with small design changes, such as increases in foam density and thickness. A literature review of the design, performance and use of headgear in Australian football, rugby league and rugby union was conducted. A total of 23 articles were identified using primary and secondary search strategies, which included epidemiological field studies, laboratory impact test studies and studies investigating the behaviours and attitudes of players. The results of the review were synthesised and used to identify injury reduction objectives and appropriate design criteria. The need for a headgear standard was identified and performance requirements were discussed, which drew upon human tolerance and sports-specific head impact exposure data. Usability and behavioural issues, which require consideration during the design process, were also assessed. © IMechE 2015.},
keywords = {Australian football, Biomechanics, Concussion, Design, Head Injuries, head injury, headgear, Injury prevention, protective equipment, rugby, Sports},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S
In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level
@article{Patton2015,
title = {The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S and Kleiven, S},
doi = {10.1123/jab.2014-0223},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {264--268},
abstract = {Biomechanical studies of concussions have progressed from qualitative observations of head impacts to physical and numerical reconstructions, direct impact measurements, and finite element analyses. Supplementary to a previous study, which investigated maximum principal strain, the current study used a detailed finite element head model to simulate unhelmeted concussion and no-injury head impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of various tissue-level brain injury predictors: strain rate, product of strain and strain rate, cumulative strain damage measure, von Mises stress, and intracranial pressure. Von Mises stress was found to be the most effective predictor of concussion. It was also found that the thalamus and corpus callosum were brain regions with strong associations with concussion. Tentative tolerance limits for tissue-level predictors were proposed in an attempt to broaden the understanding of unhelmeted concussions. For the thalamus, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 2.24 kPa, 24.0 s-1, and 2.49 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. For the corpus callosum, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 3.51 kPa, 25.1 s-1, and 2.76 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.},
keywords = {Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andrikopoulos, J
In: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 375, 2014.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletic Injuries, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy athlete, clinical feature, Closed, dysarthria, Female, Head Injuries, human, Humans, letter, Male, Parkinson disease, priority journal, pyramidal tract, Tauopathies, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury
@article{Andrikopoulos2014,
title = {Correspondence regarding chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: Progressive tauopathy following repetitive concussion. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2009;68: 709-35},
author = {Andrikopoulos, J},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84897451593\&partnerID=40\&md5=f463487f44a2ebf124b57a70320560a8},
doi = {10.1097/NEN.0000000000000057},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology},
volume = {73},
number = {4},
pages = {375},
keywords = {Athletic Injuries, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy athlete, clinical feature, Closed, dysarthria, Female, Head Injuries, human, Humans, letter, Male, Parkinson disease, priority journal, pyramidal tract, Tauopathies, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Miyashita, Theresa L; Diakogeorgiou, Eleni; Hellstrom, Brian; Kuchwara, Nick; Tafoya, Erica; Lori, Young
High School Athletes' Perceptions of Concussion Journal Article
In: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, pp. 1–5, 2014.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: ADOLESCENCE, ANALYSIS of variance, Athletes, Athletic, Athletic Training, attitude, brain concussion, Coaches, Cross Sectional Studies, Data Analysis Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Female, Head Injuries, health education, Health Knowledge, high school, human, Male, Random Sample, T-Tests
@article{Miyashita2014,
title = {High School Athletes' Perceptions of Concussion},
author = {Miyashita, Theresa L and Diakogeorgiou, Eleni and Hellstrom, Brian and Kuchwara, Nick and Tafoya, Erica and Lori, Young},
doi = {10.1177/2325967114554549},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine},
pages = {1--5},
publisher = {Sage Publications Inc.},
address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
keywords = {ADOLESCENCE, ANALYSIS of variance, Athletes, Athletic, Athletic Training, attitude, brain concussion, Coaches, Cross Sectional Studies, Data Analysis Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Female, Head Injuries, health education, Health Knowledge, high school, human, Male, Random Sample, T-Tests},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wu, L C; Zarnescu, L; Nangia, V; Cam, B; Camarillo, D B
A head impact detection system using SVM classification and proximity sensing in an instrumented mouthguard Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 2659–2668, 2014.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Biomechanical Phenomena/ph [Physiology], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Monitoring, *Mouth Protectors, *Support Vector Machine, Acceleration, Accelerometry/is [Instrumentation], Ambulatory/is [Instrumentation], Ambulatory/mt [Methods], Closed, Computer-Assisted/is [Instrumen, football, Head Injuries, Humans, Infrared Rays, Monitoring, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing
@article{Wu2014,
title = {A head impact detection system using SVM classification and proximity sensing in an instrumented mouthguard},
author = {Wu, L C and Zarnescu, L and Nangia, V and Cam, B and Camarillo, D B},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {61},
number = {11},
pages = {2659--2668},
abstract = {Injury from blunt head impacts causes acute neurological deficits and may lead to chronic neurodegeneration. A head impact detection device can serve both as a research tool for studying head injury mechanisms and a clinical tool for real-time trauma screening. The simplest approach is an acceleration thresholding algorithm, which may falsely detect high-acceleration spurious events such as manual manipulation of the device. We designed a head impact detection system that distinguishes head impacts from nonimpacts through two subsystems. First, we use infrared proximity sensing to determine if the mouthguard is worn on the teeth to filter out all off-teeth events. Second, on-teeth, nonimpact events are rejected using a support vector machine classifier trained on frequency domain features of linear acceleration and rotational velocity. The remaining events are classified as head impacts. In a controlled laboratory evaluation, the present system performed substantially better than a 10-g acceleration threshold in head impact detection (98% sensitivity, 99.99% specificity, 99% accuracy, and 99.98% precision, compared to 92% sensitivity, 58% specificity, 65% accuracy, and 37% precision). Once adapted for field deployment by training and validation with field data, this system has the potential to effectively detect head trauma in sports, military service, and other high-risk activities.},
keywords = {*Biomechanical Phenomena/ph [Physiology], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Monitoring, *Mouth Protectors, *Support Vector Machine, Acceleration, Accelerometry/is [Instrumentation], Ambulatory/is [Instrumentation], Ambulatory/mt [Methods], Closed, Computer-Assisted/is [Instrumen, football, Head Injuries, Humans, Infrared Rays, Monitoring, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dubourg, J; Messerer, M
Sports-related chronic repetitive head trauma as a cause of pituitary dysfunction Journal Article
In: Neurosurgical Focus, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. E2, 2011.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], *Brain Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], *HEAD injuries, *Pituitary Diseases/et [Etiology], *Pituitary Gland/pp [Physiopathology], Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], chronic disease, Closed/co [Complications], Closed/pp [Physiopathology], Early Diagnosis, Head Injuries, Humans, Pituitary Diseases/pp [Physiopathology], Pituitary Gland/in [Injuries]
@article{Dubourg2011,
title = {Sports-related chronic repetitive head trauma as a cause of pituitary dysfunction},
author = {Dubourg, J and Messerer, M},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Neurosurgical Focus},
volume = {31},
number = {5},
pages = {E2},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognized as a cause of hypopituitarism even after mild TBI. Although over the past decade, a growing body of research has detailed neuroendocrine changes induced by TBI, the mechanisms and risk factors responsible for this pituitary dysfunction are still unclear. Around the world, sports-especially combative sports-are very popular. However, sports are not generally considered as a cause of TBI in most epidemiological studies, and the link between sports-related head trauma and hypopituitarism has not been investigated until recently. Thus, there is a paucity of data regarding this important concern. Because of the large number of young sports participants with near-normal life expectancy, the implications of undiagnosed or untreated postconcussion pituitary dysfunction can be dramatic. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors of hypopituitarism caused by sports injuries is thus an important issue that concerns both medical staff and sponsors of sports. The aim of this paper was to summarize the best evidence for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and to discuss the current data and recommendations on sports-related head trauma as a cause of hypopituitarism.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], *Brain Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], *HEAD injuries, *Pituitary Diseases/et [Etiology], *Pituitary Gland/pp [Physiopathology], Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], chronic disease, Closed/co [Complications], Closed/pp [Physiopathology], Early Diagnosis, Head Injuries, Humans, Pituitary Diseases/pp [Physiopathology], Pituitary Gland/in [Injuries]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Milne, Chris
Concussion Journal Article
In: New Zealand Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 69, 2010, ISBN: 01106384.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *DIAGNOSIS, *THERAPEUTICS, BRAIN function localization Overviews, Head Injuries
@article{Milne2010,
title = {Concussion},
author = {Milne, Chris},
isbn = {01106384},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {New Zealand Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {37},
number = {2},
pages = {69},
abstract = {The article presents questions and answers related to concussion including what causes it, what the signs and symptoms are and treatment.},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *DIAGNOSIS, *THERAPEUTICS, BRAIN function localization Overviews, Head Injuries},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kerr, J; Swann, I J; Pentland, B
A survey of information given to head-injured patients on direct discharge from emergency departments in Scotland Journal Article
In: Emergency Medicine Journal, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 330–332, 2007, ISBN: 1472-0205.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, Child, Emergency Service, Head Injuries, human, Pamphlets, Patient Discharge Education -- Evaluation, postconcussion syndrome, Scotland
@article{Kerr2007,
title = {A survey of information given to head-injured patients on direct discharge from emergency departments in Scotland},
author = {Kerr, J and Swann, I J and Pentland, B},
doi = {10.1136/emj.2006.044230},
isbn = {1472-0205},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Emergency Medicine Journal},
volume = {24},
number = {5},
pages = {330--332},
publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group},
abstract = {AIM: To survey the information provided to head-injured patients on discharge from emergency departments (EDs) in Scotland. METHODS: EDs throughout Scotland were asked to supply a copy of their head injury advice pamphlet for analysis. Each pamphlet was assessed against a template and an Excel spreadsheet was created. RESULTS: All 30 (100%) Scottish EDs responded. The frequency with which specific features appeared varied widely, with most pamphlets concentrating on emergency features, with less emphasis on postconcussion symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Head injury discharge advice should be standardised throughout EDs, with more emphasis given to postconcussion features.},
keywords = {adult, Child, Emergency Service, Head Injuries, human, Pamphlets, Patient Discharge Education -- Evaluation, postconcussion syndrome, Scotland},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McIntosh, Andrew S
Helmets and head protection for the athlete as a means to prevent injury Journal Article
In: International Sportmed Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2003, ISBN: 15283356.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, Head Injuries, head injury, Helmets, Hemorrhage, Skull fractures, Sport, Sports -- Rules, SPORTS competitions, Sports helmets, SPORTS injury prevention, test methods
@article{McIntosh2003b,
title = {Helmets and head protection for the athlete as a means to prevent injury},
author = {McIntosh, Andrew S},
isbn = {15283356},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {International Sportmed Journal},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {1--9},
publisher = {International Federation of Sports Medicine},
abstract = {Head injury and concussion remain of great concern in sports. The use of helmets in sport is widespread as a method of reducing the incidence and severity of head injury. For helmets to function well designers and standards organisations need to be informed of sport specific hazards and head injury risks. These data are available, but due to regional and competition level differences within a sport, and differences in injury surveillance systems, there are large discrepancies. Unfortunately, due to the material limitations helmets are designed to meet a fairly narrow range of impact hazards. It is important that the sports can convey their needs to the standards organisations and manufacturers, e.g. a helmet to prevent intra-cranial haemorrhage and skull fracture resulting from a severe high-speed impact or a helmet to prevent concussion in a contact sport, like rugby union football. The paper describes these issues and attempts to integrate the biomechanical aspects of head injury and helmet performance, helmet test methods and sport requirements. On a practical level, athletes can be advised on the correct selection and adjustment of helmets, and on the limitations in helmet performance. Other factors, such as technique, rules and rule enforcement, and venue preparation are important in reducing head injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {Concussion, Head Injuries, head injury, Helmets, Hemorrhage, Skull fractures, Sport, Sports -- Rules, SPORTS competitions, Sports helmets, SPORTS injury prevention, test methods},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Shum, David H; McFarland, Ken; Bain, John D; Humphreys, Michael S
Effects of closed-head injury on attentional processes: An information-processing stage analysis Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 247–264, 1990, ISBN: 1380-3395 1744-411X.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 17–45 yr olds with closed head injuries, 1990, attention, Cognitive Processes, feature extraction & identification & response sel, Head Injuries
@article{Shum1990,
title = {Effects of closed-head injury on attentional processes: An information-processing stage analysis},
author = {Shum, David H and McFarland, Ken and Bain, John D and Humphreys, Michael S},
doi = {10.1080/01688639008400971},
isbn = {1380-3395
1744-411X},
year = {1990},
date = {1990-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {247--264},
publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
address = {United Kingdom},
abstract = {Two experiments, based on S. Sternberg's (see record [rid]1970-11748-001[/rid]) additive-factor method, examined attentional processes in terms of 4 information-processing stages: feature extraction, identification (ID), response selection (RS), and motor adjustment. A visuospatial reaction time (RT) task was undertaken by 16 university students (aged 17\textendash39 yrs) and 24 closed-head-injured (CI) patients (aged 17\textendash45 yrs), who were divided into groups (severe short-, severe long-, and mild short-term) based on severity of and time since injury. 17 normal controls, matched to CI Ss on age, sex, and education, also participated. CI Ss and normals exhibited a similar mode of linear information processing. Also, severe short-term CI Ss were impaired on ID, RS, and response execution. Severe long-term CI Ss were impaired on RS and response execution. There were no impairments for mild short-term CI Ss.},
keywords = {17\textendash45 yr olds with closed head injuries, 1990, attention, Cognitive Processes, feature extraction \& identification \& response sel, Head Injuries},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lyon, Louisa
High impact research: investigating the effects of repetitive head injury Journal Article
In: Brain: A Journal of Neurology, vol. 140, no. 1, pp. e6–e6, 2017, ISBN: 00068950.
@article{Lyon2017,
title = {High impact research: investigating the effects of repetitive head injury},
author = {Lyon, Louisa},
doi = {10.1093/brain/aww294},
isbn = {00068950},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Brain: A Journal of Neurology},
volume = {140},
number = {1},
pages = {e6--e6},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dickson, T J; Trathen, S; Terwiel, F A; Waddington, G; Adams, R
Head injury trends and helmet use in skiers and snowboarders in Western Canada, 2008-2009 to 2012-2013: an ecological study Journal Article
In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 236–244, 2017, ISBN: 09057188.
@article{Dickson2017,
title = {Head injury trends and helmet use in skiers and snowboarders in Western Canada, 2008-2009 to 2012-2013: an ecological study},
author = {Dickson, T J and Trathen, S and Terwiel, F A and Waddington, G and Adams, R},
doi = {10.1111/sms.12642},
isbn = {09057188},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Medicine \& Science in Sports},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {236--244},
abstract = {This research explored associations between helmet use and head injuries in snowsports by investigating reported snowsport injuries in Western Canada from 2008-2009 to 2012-2013. The key finding was that increased helmet use (from 69% to 80%) was not associated with a reduction in reported head injuries. Over the study period, the average rate of reported head injuries was 0.2/1000 skier visits, with a statistically significant variation ( P \< 0.001). The line of best fit showed an non-significant upward trend ( P = 0.13). Lacerations were the only subcategory of head injuries that decreased significantly with helmet use. A higher proportion of people who reported a head injury were wearing a helmet than for injuries other than to the head. Skiers were more likely to report a head injury when wearing a helmet than snowboarders ( P \< 0.001 cf. P = 0.22). There were significant differences in characteristics of helmet and non-helmet wearers. Helmet wearers were more likely to be: young adults ( P \< 0.001); beginner/novices ( P = 0.004); and snowboarders ( P \< 0.001), but helmet wearing was not associated with gender ( P = 0.191). Further research is needed to explore the possible reasons for the failure of helmets to reduce head injuries, for example, increased reporting of head injuries and increased risk-taking combined with over-rating of the helmets' protection.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Zirkel, Perry A
Court Decisions Specific to Public School Responses to Student Concussions Journal Article
In: Physical Disabilities: Education and Related Services, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1–16, 2016.
@article{Zirkel2016,
title = {Court Decisions Specific to Public School Responses to Student Concussions},
author = {Zirkel, Perry A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Physical Disabilities: Education and Related Services},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Physical Disabilities: Education and Related Services},
abstract = {This article provides an up-to-date and comprehensive canvassing of the judicial case law concerning the responses to students with concussions in the public school context. The two categories of court decisions are (a) those concerning continued participation in interscholastic athletics, referred to under the rubric of "return to play" and (b) those concerning the legal obligations in facilitating the continued educational progress of the student, referred to under the rubric of "return to school." The case law in the first category primarily addresses state common law claims of negligence and federal constitutional claims under the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause. The court decisions in the second category primarily address the successive issues of child find, eligibility, and "free appropriate public education" (including but not necessarily limited to accommodations) under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The outcomes of the court decisions thus far have been largely in favor of the district defendants, but the case law is far from crystallized and complete.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Naeser, M A; Martin, P I; Ho, M D; Krengel, M H; Bogdanova, Y; Knight, J A; Yee, M K; Zafonte, R; Frazier, J; Hamblin, M R; Koo, B B
Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy to improve cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 610–626, 2016.
@article{Naeser2016,
title = {Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy to improve cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury},
author = {Naeser, M A and Martin, P I and Ho, M D and Krengel, M H and Bogdanova, Y and Knight, J A and Yee, M K and Zafonte, R and Frazier, J and Hamblin, M R and Koo, B B},
doi = {10.1089/pho.2015.4037},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Photomedicine and Laser Surgery},
volume = {34},
number = {12},
pages = {610--626},
abstract = {Objective: We review the general topic of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and our research utilizing transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) to improve cognition in chronic TBI using red/near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to deliver light to the head. tPBM improves mitochondrial function increasing oxygen consumption, production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and improving cellular energy stores. Nitric oxide is released from the cells increasing regional blood flow in the brain. Review of published studies: In our previously published study, 11 chronic TBI patients with closed-head TBI caused by different accidents (motor vehicle accident, sports-related, improvised explosive device blast injury) and exhibiting long-lasting cognitive dysfunction received 18 outpatient treatments (Monday, Wednesday, Friday for 6 weeks) starting at 10 months to 8 years post-TBI. LED therapy is nonthermal, painless, and noninvasive. An LED-based device classified as nonsignificant risk (FDA cleared) was used. Each LED cluster head (5.35 cm diameter, 500mW, 22.2 mW/cm2) was applied for 9 min 45 sec (13 J/cm2) using 11 locations on the scalp: midline from front-to-back hairline and bilaterally on frontal, parietal, and temporal areas. Testing was performed before and after transcranial LED (tLED; at 1 week, 1 month, and at 2 months after the 18th treatment) and showed significant improvements in executive function and verbal memory. There were also fewer post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms reported. Ongoing studies: Ongoing, current studies involve TBI patients who have been treated with tLED using either 26 J/cm2 per LED location on the head or treated with intranasal only (iLED) using red (633 nm) and NIR (810 nm) diodes placed into the nostrils. The NIR iLED is hypothesized to deliver photons to the hippocampus, and the red 633 nm iLED is believed to increase melatonin. Results have been similar to the previously published tLED study. Actigraphy sleep data showed increased time asleep (on average one additional hour per night) after the 18th tLED or iLED treatment. LED treatments may be performed in the home. Sham-controlled studies with veterans who have cognitive dysfunction from Gulf War Illness, blast TBI, and TBI/PTSD are currently ongoing. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Subbian, V; Ratcliff, J J; Korfhagen, J J; Hart, K W; Meunier, J M; Shaw, G J; Lindsell, C J; Beyette Jr., F R
A Novel Tool for Evaluation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients in the Emergency Department: Does Robotic Assessment of Neuromotor Performance Following Injury Predict the Presence of Postconcussion Symptoms at Follow-up? Journal Article
In: Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 382–392, 2016.
@article{Subbian2016,
title = {A Novel Tool for Evaluation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients in the Emergency Department: Does Robotic Assessment of Neuromotor Performance Following Injury Predict the Presence of Postconcussion Symptoms at Follow-up?},
author = {Subbian, V and Ratcliff, J J and Korfhagen, J J and Hart, K W and Meunier, J M and Shaw, G J and Lindsell, C J and {Beyette Jr.}, F R},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Academic Emergency Medicine},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
pages = {382--392},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Postconcussion symptoms (PCS) are a common complication of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Currently, there is no validated clinically available method to reliably predict at the time of injury who will subsequently develop PCS. The purpose of this study was to determine if PCS following mild TBI can be predicted during the initial presentation to an emergency department (ED) using a novel robotic-assisted assessment of neurologic function. METHODS: All patients presenting to an urban ED with a chief complaint of head injury within the preceding 24 hours were screened for inclusion from March 2013 to April 2014. The enrollment criteria were as follows: 1) age of 18 years or greater, 2) ability and willingness to provide written informed consent, 3) blunt head trauma and clinical diagnosis of isolated mild TBI by the treating physician, and 4) blood alcohol level of \<100 mg/dL. Eligible mild TBI patients were enrolled and their neuromotor function was assessed in the ED using a battery of five tests that cover a range of proprioceptive, visuomotor, visuospatial, and executive function performance metrics. At 3 weeks postinjury, participants were contacted via telephone to complete the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire to assess the presence of significant PCS. RESULTS: A total of 66 mild TBI patients were enrolled in the study with 42 of them completing both the ED assessment and the follow-up; 40 patients were included in the analyses. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the entire test battery was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54 to 0.90). The AUC for tests that primarily measure visuomotor and proprioceptive performance were 0.80 (95% CI = 0.65 to 0.95) and 0.71 (95% CI = 0.53 to 0.89), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The robotic-assisted test battery has the ability to discriminate between subjects who developed PCS and those who did not. Additionally, poor visuomotor and proprioceptive performance were most strongly associated with subsequent PCS.Copyright © 2016 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Whyte, Thomas; Gibson, Tom; Anderson, Robert; Eager, David; Milthorpe, Bruce
Mechanisms of head and neck injuries sustained by helmeted motorcyclists in fatal real-world crashes: Analysis of 47 in-depth cases Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 33, no. 19, pp. 1802–1807, 2016, ISBN: 0897-7151 1557-9042.
@article{Whyte2016,
title = {Mechanisms of head and neck injuries sustained by helmeted motorcyclists in fatal real-world crashes: Analysis of 47 in-depth cases},
author = {Whyte, Thomas and Gibson, Tom and Anderson, Robert and Eager, David and Milthorpe, Bruce},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2015.4208},
isbn = {0897-7151
1557-9042},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {33},
number = {19},
pages = {1802--1807},
publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
address = {US},
abstract = {Despite an improved understanding of traumatic head and neck injury mechanisms, the impact tests required by major motorcycle helmet standards have remained unchanged for decades. Development of new test methods must reflect the specific impact loads causing injury in real crashes as well as test criteria appropriate for the observed injury profiles. This study analysed a collection of in-depth crash investigations of fatally injured helmeted riders in the Adelaide metropolitan region between 1983 and 1994 inclusive to review the head and neck injury patterns that resulted from specific types of impact. Inertial brain injury was sustained in 49% of examined cases, most often resulting from facial impacts but also in a large proportion of tangential, run over, and occipital impact cases. Focal brain and brainstem injury was also common (53%) and regularly associated with skull vault (11/12) and skull base fractures (22/31). Prevention of these fractures in impacts outside the area of required protection and in impacts with a straight edge would provide a significant increase in helmeted rider protection. Cervical spinal cord injury was sustained in facial, straight edge, and tangential impacts on the head. Motorcycle helmets are effective for preventing local skull fractures in impacts for which they are designed, whereas other serious injuries such as basilar skull fracture (BSF) and inertial brain injury persist despite helmet protection. Further impact test procedures should be developed for injurious impact types not currently assessed by major helmet standards, in particular facial impacts, and using test criteria based on commonly observed injuries. This study provides the necessary link, from impact load to injury, for guiding impact test development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S
Considerations for the performance requirements and technical specifications of soft-shell padded headgear Journal Article
In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, vol. 230, no. 1, pp. 29–42, 2016.
@article{Patton2016b,
title = {Considerations for the performance requirements and technical specifications of soft-shell padded headgear},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S},
doi = {10.1177/1754337115615482},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology},
volume = {230},
number = {1},
pages = {29--42},
abstract = {Laboratory and epidemiological research in Australian football, rugby league and rugby union has demonstrated that commercially available soft-shell padded headgear is currently ineffective in reducing the risk of concussion. However, modified headgear studies have demonstrated that significant improvements in impact energy attenuation performance are possible with small design changes, such as increases in foam density and thickness. A literature review of the design, performance and use of headgear in Australian football, rugby league and rugby union was conducted. A total of 23 articles were identified using primary and secondary search strategies, which included epidemiological field studies, laboratory impact test studies and studies investigating the behaviours and attitudes of players. The results of the review were synthesised and used to identify injury reduction objectives and appropriate design criteria. The need for a headgear standard was identified and performance requirements were discussed, which drew upon human tolerance and sports-specific head impact exposure data. Usability and behavioural issues, which require consideration during the design process, were also assessed. © IMechE 2015.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S
In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.
@article{Patton2015,
title = {The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S and Kleiven, S},
doi = {10.1123/jab.2014-0223},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {264--268},
abstract = {Biomechanical studies of concussions have progressed from qualitative observations of head impacts to physical and numerical reconstructions, direct impact measurements, and finite element analyses. Supplementary to a previous study, which investigated maximum principal strain, the current study used a detailed finite element head model to simulate unhelmeted concussion and no-injury head impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of various tissue-level brain injury predictors: strain rate, product of strain and strain rate, cumulative strain damage measure, von Mises stress, and intracranial pressure. Von Mises stress was found to be the most effective predictor of concussion. It was also found that the thalamus and corpus callosum were brain regions with strong associations with concussion. Tentative tolerance limits for tissue-level predictors were proposed in an attempt to broaden the understanding of unhelmeted concussions. For the thalamus, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 2.24 kPa, 24.0 s-1, and 2.49 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. For the corpus callosum, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 3.51 kPa, 25.1 s-1, and 2.76 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andrikopoulos, J
In: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 375, 2014.
@article{Andrikopoulos2014,
title = {Correspondence regarding chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: Progressive tauopathy following repetitive concussion. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2009;68: 709-35},
author = {Andrikopoulos, J},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84897451593\&partnerID=40\&md5=f463487f44a2ebf124b57a70320560a8},
doi = {10.1097/NEN.0000000000000057},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology},
volume = {73},
number = {4},
pages = {375},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Miyashita, Theresa L; Diakogeorgiou, Eleni; Hellstrom, Brian; Kuchwara, Nick; Tafoya, Erica; Lori, Young
High School Athletes' Perceptions of Concussion Journal Article
In: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, pp. 1–5, 2014.
@article{Miyashita2014,
title = {High School Athletes' Perceptions of Concussion},
author = {Miyashita, Theresa L and Diakogeorgiou, Eleni and Hellstrom, Brian and Kuchwara, Nick and Tafoya, Erica and Lori, Young},
doi = {10.1177/2325967114554549},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine},
pages = {1--5},
publisher = {Sage Publications Inc.},
address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wu, L C; Zarnescu, L; Nangia, V; Cam, B; Camarillo, D B
A head impact detection system using SVM classification and proximity sensing in an instrumented mouthguard Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 2659–2668, 2014.
@article{Wu2014,
title = {A head impact detection system using SVM classification and proximity sensing in an instrumented mouthguard},
author = {Wu, L C and Zarnescu, L and Nangia, V and Cam, B and Camarillo, D B},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {61},
number = {11},
pages = {2659--2668},
abstract = {Injury from blunt head impacts causes acute neurological deficits and may lead to chronic neurodegeneration. A head impact detection device can serve both as a research tool for studying head injury mechanisms and a clinical tool for real-time trauma screening. The simplest approach is an acceleration thresholding algorithm, which may falsely detect high-acceleration spurious events such as manual manipulation of the device. We designed a head impact detection system that distinguishes head impacts from nonimpacts through two subsystems. First, we use infrared proximity sensing to determine if the mouthguard is worn on the teeth to filter out all off-teeth events. Second, on-teeth, nonimpact events are rejected using a support vector machine classifier trained on frequency domain features of linear acceleration and rotational velocity. The remaining events are classified as head impacts. In a controlled laboratory evaluation, the present system performed substantially better than a 10-g acceleration threshold in head impact detection (98% sensitivity, 99.99% specificity, 99% accuracy, and 99.98% precision, compared to 92% sensitivity, 58% specificity, 65% accuracy, and 37% precision). Once adapted for field deployment by training and validation with field data, this system has the potential to effectively detect head trauma in sports, military service, and other high-risk activities.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dubourg, J; Messerer, M
Sports-related chronic repetitive head trauma as a cause of pituitary dysfunction Journal Article
In: Neurosurgical Focus, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. E2, 2011.
@article{Dubourg2011,
title = {Sports-related chronic repetitive head trauma as a cause of pituitary dysfunction},
author = {Dubourg, J and Messerer, M},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Neurosurgical Focus},
volume = {31},
number = {5},
pages = {E2},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognized as a cause of hypopituitarism even after mild TBI. Although over the past decade, a growing body of research has detailed neuroendocrine changes induced by TBI, the mechanisms and risk factors responsible for this pituitary dysfunction are still unclear. Around the world, sports-especially combative sports-are very popular. However, sports are not generally considered as a cause of TBI in most epidemiological studies, and the link between sports-related head trauma and hypopituitarism has not been investigated until recently. Thus, there is a paucity of data regarding this important concern. Because of the large number of young sports participants with near-normal life expectancy, the implications of undiagnosed or untreated postconcussion pituitary dysfunction can be dramatic. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors of hypopituitarism caused by sports injuries is thus an important issue that concerns both medical staff and sponsors of sports. The aim of this paper was to summarize the best evidence for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and to discuss the current data and recommendations on sports-related head trauma as a cause of hypopituitarism.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Milne, Chris
Concussion Journal Article
In: New Zealand Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 69, 2010, ISBN: 01106384.
@article{Milne2010,
title = {Concussion},
author = {Milne, Chris},
isbn = {01106384},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {New Zealand Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {37},
number = {2},
pages = {69},
abstract = {The article presents questions and answers related to concussion including what causes it, what the signs and symptoms are and treatment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kerr, J; Swann, I J; Pentland, B
A survey of information given to head-injured patients on direct discharge from emergency departments in Scotland Journal Article
In: Emergency Medicine Journal, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 330–332, 2007, ISBN: 1472-0205.
@article{Kerr2007,
title = {A survey of information given to head-injured patients on direct discharge from emergency departments in Scotland},
author = {Kerr, J and Swann, I J and Pentland, B},
doi = {10.1136/emj.2006.044230},
isbn = {1472-0205},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Emergency Medicine Journal},
volume = {24},
number = {5},
pages = {330--332},
publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group},
abstract = {AIM: To survey the information provided to head-injured patients on discharge from emergency departments (EDs) in Scotland. METHODS: EDs throughout Scotland were asked to supply a copy of their head injury advice pamphlet for analysis. Each pamphlet was assessed against a template and an Excel spreadsheet was created. RESULTS: All 30 (100%) Scottish EDs responded. The frequency with which specific features appeared varied widely, with most pamphlets concentrating on emergency features, with less emphasis on postconcussion symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Head injury discharge advice should be standardised throughout EDs, with more emphasis given to postconcussion features.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McIntosh, Andrew S
Helmets and head protection for the athlete as a means to prevent injury Journal Article
In: International Sportmed Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2003, ISBN: 15283356.
@article{McIntosh2003b,
title = {Helmets and head protection for the athlete as a means to prevent injury},
author = {McIntosh, Andrew S},
isbn = {15283356},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {International Sportmed Journal},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {1--9},
publisher = {International Federation of Sports Medicine},
abstract = {Head injury and concussion remain of great concern in sports. The use of helmets in sport is widespread as a method of reducing the incidence and severity of head injury. For helmets to function well designers and standards organisations need to be informed of sport specific hazards and head injury risks. These data are available, but due to regional and competition level differences within a sport, and differences in injury surveillance systems, there are large discrepancies. Unfortunately, due to the material limitations helmets are designed to meet a fairly narrow range of impact hazards. It is important that the sports can convey their needs to the standards organisations and manufacturers, e.g. a helmet to prevent intra-cranial haemorrhage and skull fracture resulting from a severe high-speed impact or a helmet to prevent concussion in a contact sport, like rugby union football. The paper describes these issues and attempts to integrate the biomechanical aspects of head injury and helmet performance, helmet test methods and sport requirements. On a practical level, athletes can be advised on the correct selection and adjustment of helmets, and on the limitations in helmet performance. Other factors, such as technique, rules and rule enforcement, and venue preparation are important in reducing head injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Shum, David H; McFarland, Ken; Bain, John D; Humphreys, Michael S
Effects of closed-head injury on attentional processes: An information-processing stage analysis Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 247–264, 1990, ISBN: 1380-3395 1744-411X.
@article{Shum1990,
title = {Effects of closed-head injury on attentional processes: An information-processing stage analysis},
author = {Shum, David H and McFarland, Ken and Bain, John D and Humphreys, Michael S},
doi = {10.1080/01688639008400971},
isbn = {1380-3395
1744-411X},
year = {1990},
date = {1990-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {247--264},
publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
address = {United Kingdom},
abstract = {Two experiments, based on S. Sternberg's (see record [rid]1970-11748-001[/rid]) additive-factor method, examined attentional processes in terms of 4 information-processing stages: feature extraction, identification (ID), response selection (RS), and motor adjustment. A visuospatial reaction time (RT) task was undertaken by 16 university students (aged 17\textendash39 yrs) and 24 closed-head-injured (CI) patients (aged 17\textendash45 yrs), who were divided into groups (severe short-, severe long-, and mild short-term) based on severity of and time since injury. 17 normal controls, matched to CI Ss on age, sex, and education, also participated. CI Ss and normals exhibited a similar mode of linear information processing. Also, severe short-term CI Ss were impaired on ID, RS, and response execution. Severe long-term CI Ss were impaired on RS and response execution. There were no impairments for mild short-term CI Ss.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lyon, Louisa
High impact research: investigating the effects of repetitive head injury Journal Article
In: Brain: A Journal of Neurology, vol. 140, no. 1, pp. e6–e6, 2017, ISBN: 00068950.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: BRAIN -- Concussion, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, DISEASE susceptibility, Head Injuries, NATIONAL Football League
@article{Lyon2017,
title = {High impact research: investigating the effects of repetitive head injury},
author = {Lyon, Louisa},
doi = {10.1093/brain/aww294},
isbn = {00068950},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Brain: A Journal of Neurology},
volume = {140},
number = {1},
pages = {e6--e6},
keywords = {BRAIN -- Concussion, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, DISEASE susceptibility, Head Injuries, NATIONAL Football League},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dickson, T J; Trathen, S; Terwiel, F A; Waddington, G; Adams, R
Head injury trends and helmet use in skiers and snowboarders in Western Canada, 2008-2009 to 2012-2013: an ecological study Journal Article
In: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 236–244, 2017, ISBN: 09057188.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CANADA, CHI-squared test, Concussion, CONTENT mining, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Ecological research, Head Injuries, Helmets, Injury prevention, LOGISTIC regression analysis, ODDS ratio, PROBABILITY theory, SAFETY hats, SEVERITY of illness index, skiing, Skiing injuries, Snowboarding, Snowboarding injuries
@article{Dickson2017,
title = {Head injury trends and helmet use in skiers and snowboarders in Western Canada, 2008-2009 to 2012-2013: an ecological study},
author = {Dickson, T J and Trathen, S and Terwiel, F A and Waddington, G and Adams, R},
doi = {10.1111/sms.12642},
isbn = {09057188},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-01-01},
journal = {Scandinavian Journal of Medicine \& Science in Sports},
volume = {27},
number = {2},
pages = {236--244},
abstract = {This research explored associations between helmet use and head injuries in snowsports by investigating reported snowsport injuries in Western Canada from 2008-2009 to 2012-2013. The key finding was that increased helmet use (from 69% to 80%) was not associated with a reduction in reported head injuries. Over the study period, the average rate of reported head injuries was 0.2/1000 skier visits, with a statistically significant variation ( P \< 0.001). The line of best fit showed an non-significant upward trend ( P = 0.13). Lacerations were the only subcategory of head injuries that decreased significantly with helmet use. A higher proportion of people who reported a head injury were wearing a helmet than for injuries other than to the head. Skiers were more likely to report a head injury when wearing a helmet than snowboarders ( P \< 0.001 cf. P = 0.22). There were significant differences in characteristics of helmet and non-helmet wearers. Helmet wearers were more likely to be: young adults ( P \< 0.001); beginner/novices ( P = 0.004); and snowboarders ( P \< 0.001), but helmet wearing was not associated with gender ( P = 0.191). Further research is needed to explore the possible reasons for the failure of helmets to reduce head injuries, for example, increased reporting of head injuries and increased risk-taking combined with over-rating of the helmets' protection.},
keywords = {CANADA, CHI-squared test, Concussion, CONTENT mining, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Ecological research, Head Injuries, Helmets, Injury prevention, LOGISTIC regression analysis, ODDS ratio, PROBABILITY theory, SAFETY hats, SEVERITY of illness index, skiing, Skiing injuries, Snowboarding, Snowboarding injuries},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Zirkel, Perry A
Court Decisions Specific to Public School Responses to Student Concussions Journal Article
In: Physical Disabilities: Education and Related Services, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 1–16, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Academic Accommodations (Disabilities), Athletics, CALIFORNIA, Constitutional Law, Court Litigation, DECISION making, DISABILITIES, Educational Legislation, Eligibility, Equal Education, Federal Legislation, Head Injuries, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Nebraska, PENNSYLVANIA, Public Schools, Referral, Texas
@article{Zirkel2016,
title = {Court Decisions Specific to Public School Responses to Student Concussions},
author = {Zirkel, Perry A},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Physical Disabilities: Education and Related Services},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {1--16},
publisher = {Physical Disabilities: Education and Related Services},
abstract = {This article provides an up-to-date and comprehensive canvassing of the judicial case law concerning the responses to students with concussions in the public school context. The two categories of court decisions are (a) those concerning continued participation in interscholastic athletics, referred to under the rubric of "return to play" and (b) those concerning the legal obligations in facilitating the continued educational progress of the student, referred to under the rubric of "return to school." The case law in the first category primarily addresses state common law claims of negligence and federal constitutional claims under the Fourteenth Amendment due process clause. The court decisions in the second category primarily address the successive issues of child find, eligibility, and "free appropriate public education" (including but not necessarily limited to accommodations) under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The outcomes of the court decisions thus far have been largely in favor of the district defendants, but the case law is far from crystallized and complete.},
keywords = {Academic Accommodations (Disabilities), Athletics, CALIFORNIA, Constitutional Law, Court Litigation, DECISION making, DISABILITIES, Educational Legislation, Eligibility, Equal Education, Federal Legislation, Head Injuries, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, Nebraska, PENNSYLVANIA, Public Schools, Referral, Texas},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Naeser, M A; Martin, P I; Ho, M D; Krengel, M H; Bogdanova, Y; Knight, J A; Yee, M K; Zafonte, R; Frazier, J; Hamblin, M R; Koo, B B
Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy to improve cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, vol. 34, no. 12, pp. 610–626, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accidents, Adenosinetriphosphate, brain, Cognitive dysfunction, Diodes, Explosives, Head Injuries, Hemodynamics, Infrared devices, LED, Light, Light emitting diodes, Lightemitting diodes, LLLT, Nitric oxide, Patient monitoring, Patient treatment, PBM, Photobiomodulation, postconcussion syndrome, PTSD, Sports, Sports head injury, TBI, TBI treatment, Traumatic Brain Injuries, traumatic brain injury
@article{Naeser2016,
title = {Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy to improve cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury},
author = {Naeser, M A and Martin, P I and Ho, M D and Krengel, M H and Bogdanova, Y and Knight, J A and Yee, M K and Zafonte, R and Frazier, J and Hamblin, M R and Koo, B B},
doi = {10.1089/pho.2015.4037},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Photomedicine and Laser Surgery},
volume = {34},
number = {12},
pages = {610--626},
abstract = {Objective: We review the general topic of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and our research utilizing transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) to improve cognition in chronic TBI using red/near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to deliver light to the head. tPBM improves mitochondrial function increasing oxygen consumption, production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and improving cellular energy stores. Nitric oxide is released from the cells increasing regional blood flow in the brain. Review of published studies: In our previously published study, 11 chronic TBI patients with closed-head TBI caused by different accidents (motor vehicle accident, sports-related, improvised explosive device blast injury) and exhibiting long-lasting cognitive dysfunction received 18 outpatient treatments (Monday, Wednesday, Friday for 6 weeks) starting at 10 months to 8 years post-TBI. LED therapy is nonthermal, painless, and noninvasive. An LED-based device classified as nonsignificant risk (FDA cleared) was used. Each LED cluster head (5.35 cm diameter, 500mW, 22.2 mW/cm2) was applied for 9 min 45 sec (13 J/cm2) using 11 locations on the scalp: midline from front-to-back hairline and bilaterally on frontal, parietal, and temporal areas. Testing was performed before and after transcranial LED (tLED; at 1 week, 1 month, and at 2 months after the 18th treatment) and showed significant improvements in executive function and verbal memory. There were also fewer post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms reported. Ongoing studies: Ongoing, current studies involve TBI patients who have been treated with tLED using either 26 J/cm2 per LED location on the head or treated with intranasal only (iLED) using red (633 nm) and NIR (810 nm) diodes placed into the nostrils. The NIR iLED is hypothesized to deliver photons to the hippocampus, and the red 633 nm iLED is believed to increase melatonin. Results have been similar to the previously published tLED study. Actigraphy sleep data showed increased time asleep (on average one additional hour per night) after the 18th tLED or iLED treatment. LED treatments may be performed in the home. Sham-controlled studies with veterans who have cognitive dysfunction from Gulf War Illness, blast TBI, and TBI/PTSD are currently ongoing. © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
keywords = {Accidents, Adenosinetriphosphate, brain, Cognitive dysfunction, Diodes, Explosives, Head Injuries, Hemodynamics, Infrared devices, LED, Light, Light emitting diodes, Lightemitting diodes, LLLT, Nitric oxide, Patient monitoring, Patient treatment, PBM, Photobiomodulation, postconcussion syndrome, PTSD, Sports, Sports head injury, TBI, TBI treatment, Traumatic Brain Injuries, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Subbian, V; Ratcliff, J J; Korfhagen, J J; Hart, K W; Meunier, J M; Shaw, G J; Lindsell, C J; Beyette Jr., F R
A Novel Tool for Evaluation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients in the Emergency Department: Does Robotic Assessment of Neuromotor Performance Following Injury Predict the Presence of Postconcussion Symptoms at Follow-up? Journal Article
In: Academic Emergency Medicine, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 382–392, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Emergency Service, *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/et [Etiology], *Robotics/mt [Methods], adult, Closed/co [Complications], Diagnostic Techniques, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Head Injuries, Hospital/og [Organization & Ad, Humans, Male, middle aged, Neurological, Observer Variation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Urban Population, Young Adult
@article{Subbian2016,
title = {A Novel Tool for Evaluation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Patients in the Emergency Department: Does Robotic Assessment of Neuromotor Performance Following Injury Predict the Presence of Postconcussion Symptoms at Follow-up?},
author = {Subbian, V and Ratcliff, J J and Korfhagen, J J and Hart, K W and Meunier, J M and Shaw, G J and Lindsell, C J and {Beyette Jr.}, F R},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Academic Emergency Medicine},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
pages = {382--392},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Postconcussion symptoms (PCS) are a common complication of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Currently, there is no validated clinically available method to reliably predict at the time of injury who will subsequently develop PCS. The purpose of this study was to determine if PCS following mild TBI can be predicted during the initial presentation to an emergency department (ED) using a novel robotic-assisted assessment of neurologic function. METHODS: All patients presenting to an urban ED with a chief complaint of head injury within the preceding 24 hours were screened for inclusion from March 2013 to April 2014. The enrollment criteria were as follows: 1) age of 18 years or greater, 2) ability and willingness to provide written informed consent, 3) blunt head trauma and clinical diagnosis of isolated mild TBI by the treating physician, and 4) blood alcohol level of \<100 mg/dL. Eligible mild TBI patients were enrolled and their neuromotor function was assessed in the ED using a battery of five tests that cover a range of proprioceptive, visuomotor, visuospatial, and executive function performance metrics. At 3 weeks postinjury, participants were contacted via telephone to complete the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire to assess the presence of significant PCS. RESULTS: A total of 66 mild TBI patients were enrolled in the study with 42 of them completing both the ED assessment and the follow-up; 40 patients were included in the analyses. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for the entire test battery was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54 to 0.90). The AUC for tests that primarily measure visuomotor and proprioceptive performance were 0.80 (95% CI = 0.65 to 0.95) and 0.71 (95% CI = 0.53 to 0.89), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The robotic-assisted test battery has the ability to discriminate between subjects who developed PCS and those who did not. Additionally, poor visuomotor and proprioceptive performance were most strongly associated with subsequent PCS.Copyright © 2016 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.},
keywords = {*Brain Injuries/co [Complications], *Emergency Service, *Post-Concussion Syndrome/di [Diagnosis], *Post-Concussion Syndrome/et [Etiology], *Robotics/mt [Methods], adult, Closed/co [Complications], Diagnostic Techniques, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Head Injuries, Hospital/og [Organization \& Ad, Humans, Male, middle aged, Neurological, Observer Variation, Sensitivity and Specificity, Urban Population, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Whyte, Thomas; Gibson, Tom; Anderson, Robert; Eager, David; Milthorpe, Bruce
Mechanisms of head and neck injuries sustained by helmeted motorcyclists in fatal real-world crashes: Analysis of 47 in-depth cases Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 33, no. 19, pp. 1802–1807, 2016, ISBN: 0897-7151 1557-9042.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 2016, BRAIN damage, Head Injuries, Helmet, mechanisms, Motor Vehicles, motorcyclist, Safety devices, traumatic injury
@article{Whyte2016,
title = {Mechanisms of head and neck injuries sustained by helmeted motorcyclists in fatal real-world crashes: Analysis of 47 in-depth cases},
author = {Whyte, Thomas and Gibson, Tom and Anderson, Robert and Eager, David and Milthorpe, Bruce},
doi = {10.1089/neu.2015.4208},
isbn = {0897-7151
1557-9042},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {33},
number = {19},
pages = {1802--1807},
publisher = {Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.},
address = {US},
abstract = {Despite an improved understanding of traumatic head and neck injury mechanisms, the impact tests required by major motorcycle helmet standards have remained unchanged for decades. Development of new test methods must reflect the specific impact loads causing injury in real crashes as well as test criteria appropriate for the observed injury profiles. This study analysed a collection of in-depth crash investigations of fatally injured helmeted riders in the Adelaide metropolitan region between 1983 and 1994 inclusive to review the head and neck injury patterns that resulted from specific types of impact. Inertial brain injury was sustained in 49% of examined cases, most often resulting from facial impacts but also in a large proportion of tangential, run over, and occipital impact cases. Focal brain and brainstem injury was also common (53%) and regularly associated with skull vault (11/12) and skull base fractures (22/31). Prevention of these fractures in impacts outside the area of required protection and in impacts with a straight edge would provide a significant increase in helmeted rider protection. Cervical spinal cord injury was sustained in facial, straight edge, and tangential impacts on the head. Motorcycle helmets are effective for preventing local skull fractures in impacts for which they are designed, whereas other serious injuries such as basilar skull fracture (BSF) and inertial brain injury persist despite helmet protection. Further impact test procedures should be developed for injurious impact types not currently assessed by major helmet standards, in particular facial impacts, and using test criteria based on commonly observed injuries. This study provides the necessary link, from impact load to injury, for guiding impact test development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {2016, BRAIN damage, Head Injuries, Helmet, mechanisms, Motor Vehicles, motorcyclist, Safety devices, traumatic injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S
Considerations for the performance requirements and technical specifications of soft-shell padded headgear Journal Article
In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, vol. 230, no. 1, pp. 29–42, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Australian football, Biomechanics, Concussion, Design, Head Injuries, head injury, headgear, Injury prevention, protective equipment, rugby, Sports
@article{Patton2016b,
title = {Considerations for the performance requirements and technical specifications of soft-shell padded headgear},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S},
doi = {10.1177/1754337115615482},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology},
volume = {230},
number = {1},
pages = {29--42},
abstract = {Laboratory and epidemiological research in Australian football, rugby league and rugby union has demonstrated that commercially available soft-shell padded headgear is currently ineffective in reducing the risk of concussion. However, modified headgear studies have demonstrated that significant improvements in impact energy attenuation performance are possible with small design changes, such as increases in foam density and thickness. A literature review of the design, performance and use of headgear in Australian football, rugby league and rugby union was conducted. A total of 23 articles were identified using primary and secondary search strategies, which included epidemiological field studies, laboratory impact test studies and studies investigating the behaviours and attitudes of players. The results of the review were synthesised and used to identify injury reduction objectives and appropriate design criteria. The need for a headgear standard was identified and performance requirements were discussed, which drew upon human tolerance and sports-specific head impact exposure data. Usability and behavioural issues, which require consideration during the design process, were also assessed. © IMechE 2015.},
keywords = {Australian football, Biomechanics, Concussion, Design, Head Injuries, head injury, headgear, Injury prevention, protective equipment, rugby, Sports},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S
In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level
@article{Patton2015,
title = {The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S and Kleiven, S},
doi = {10.1123/jab.2014-0223},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {264--268},
abstract = {Biomechanical studies of concussions have progressed from qualitative observations of head impacts to physical and numerical reconstructions, direct impact measurements, and finite element analyses. Supplementary to a previous study, which investigated maximum principal strain, the current study used a detailed finite element head model to simulate unhelmeted concussion and no-injury head impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of various tissue-level brain injury predictors: strain rate, product of strain and strain rate, cumulative strain damage measure, von Mises stress, and intracranial pressure. Von Mises stress was found to be the most effective predictor of concussion. It was also found that the thalamus and corpus callosum were brain regions with strong associations with concussion. Tentative tolerance limits for tissue-level predictors were proposed in an attempt to broaden the understanding of unhelmeted concussions. For the thalamus, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 2.24 kPa, 24.0 s-1, and 2.49 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. For the corpus callosum, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 3.51 kPa, 25.1 s-1, and 2.76 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.},
keywords = {Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Andrikopoulos, J
In: Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 375, 2014.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletic Injuries, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy athlete, clinical feature, Closed, dysarthria, Female, Head Injuries, human, Humans, letter, Male, Parkinson disease, priority journal, pyramidal tract, Tauopathies, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury
@article{Andrikopoulos2014,
title = {Correspondence regarding chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: Progressive tauopathy following repetitive concussion. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2009;68: 709-35},
author = {Andrikopoulos, J},
url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84897451593\&partnerID=40\&md5=f463487f44a2ebf124b57a70320560a8},
doi = {10.1097/NEN.0000000000000057},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology},
volume = {73},
number = {4},
pages = {375},
keywords = {Athletic Injuries, Brain Injury, Chronic, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy athlete, clinical feature, Closed, dysarthria, Female, Head Injuries, human, Humans, letter, Male, Parkinson disease, priority journal, pyramidal tract, Tauopathies, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Miyashita, Theresa L; Diakogeorgiou, Eleni; Hellstrom, Brian; Kuchwara, Nick; Tafoya, Erica; Lori, Young
High School Athletes' Perceptions of Concussion Journal Article
In: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, pp. 1–5, 2014.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: ADOLESCENCE, ANALYSIS of variance, Athletes, Athletic, Athletic Training, attitude, brain concussion, Coaches, Cross Sectional Studies, Data Analysis Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Female, Head Injuries, health education, Health Knowledge, high school, human, Male, Random Sample, T-Tests
@article{Miyashita2014,
title = {High School Athletes' Perceptions of Concussion},
author = {Miyashita, Theresa L and Diakogeorgiou, Eleni and Hellstrom, Brian and Kuchwara, Nick and Tafoya, Erica and Lori, Young},
doi = {10.1177/2325967114554549},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine},
pages = {1--5},
publisher = {Sage Publications Inc.},
address = {Thousand Oaks, California},
keywords = {ADOLESCENCE, ANALYSIS of variance, Athletes, Athletic, Athletic Training, attitude, brain concussion, Coaches, Cross Sectional Studies, Data Analysis Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Female, Head Injuries, health education, Health Knowledge, high school, human, Male, Random Sample, T-Tests},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wu, L C; Zarnescu, L; Nangia, V; Cam, B; Camarillo, D B
A head impact detection system using SVM classification and proximity sensing in an instrumented mouthguard Journal Article
In: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 2659–2668, 2014.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Biomechanical Phenomena/ph [Physiology], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Monitoring, *Mouth Protectors, *Support Vector Machine, Acceleration, Accelerometry/is [Instrumentation], Ambulatory/is [Instrumentation], Ambulatory/mt [Methods], Closed, Computer-Assisted/is [Instrumen, football, Head Injuries, Humans, Infrared Rays, Monitoring, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing
@article{Wu2014,
title = {A head impact detection system using SVM classification and proximity sensing in an instrumented mouthguard},
author = {Wu, L C and Zarnescu, L and Nangia, V and Cam, B and Camarillo, D B},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {61},
number = {11},
pages = {2659--2668},
abstract = {Injury from blunt head impacts causes acute neurological deficits and may lead to chronic neurodegeneration. A head impact detection device can serve both as a research tool for studying head injury mechanisms and a clinical tool for real-time trauma screening. The simplest approach is an acceleration thresholding algorithm, which may falsely detect high-acceleration spurious events such as manual manipulation of the device. We designed a head impact detection system that distinguishes head impacts from nonimpacts through two subsystems. First, we use infrared proximity sensing to determine if the mouthguard is worn on the teeth to filter out all off-teeth events. Second, on-teeth, nonimpact events are rejected using a support vector machine classifier trained on frequency domain features of linear acceleration and rotational velocity. The remaining events are classified as head impacts. In a controlled laboratory evaluation, the present system performed substantially better than a 10-g acceleration threshold in head impact detection (98% sensitivity, 99.99% specificity, 99% accuracy, and 99.98% precision, compared to 92% sensitivity, 58% specificity, 65% accuracy, and 37% precision). Once adapted for field deployment by training and validation with field data, this system has the potential to effectively detect head trauma in sports, military service, and other high-risk activities.},
keywords = {*Biomechanical Phenomena/ph [Physiology], *Head/ph [Physiology], *Monitoring, *Mouth Protectors, *Support Vector Machine, Acceleration, Accelerometry/is [Instrumentation], Ambulatory/is [Instrumentation], Ambulatory/mt [Methods], Closed, Computer-Assisted/is [Instrumen, football, Head Injuries, Humans, Infrared Rays, Monitoring, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity, Signal Processing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dubourg, J; Messerer, M
Sports-related chronic repetitive head trauma as a cause of pituitary dysfunction Journal Article
In: Neurosurgical Focus, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. E2, 2011.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], *Brain Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], *HEAD injuries, *Pituitary Diseases/et [Etiology], *Pituitary Gland/pp [Physiopathology], Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], chronic disease, Closed/co [Complications], Closed/pp [Physiopathology], Early Diagnosis, Head Injuries, Humans, Pituitary Diseases/pp [Physiopathology], Pituitary Gland/in [Injuries]
@article{Dubourg2011,
title = {Sports-related chronic repetitive head trauma as a cause of pituitary dysfunction},
author = {Dubourg, J and Messerer, M},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Neurosurgical Focus},
volume = {31},
number = {5},
pages = {E2},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is recognized as a cause of hypopituitarism even after mild TBI. Although over the past decade, a growing body of research has detailed neuroendocrine changes induced by TBI, the mechanisms and risk factors responsible for this pituitary dysfunction are still unclear. Around the world, sports-especially combative sports-are very popular. However, sports are not generally considered as a cause of TBI in most epidemiological studies, and the link between sports-related head trauma and hypopituitarism has not been investigated until recently. Thus, there is a paucity of data regarding this important concern. Because of the large number of young sports participants with near-normal life expectancy, the implications of undiagnosed or untreated postconcussion pituitary dysfunction can be dramatic. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and risk factors of hypopituitarism caused by sports injuries is thus an important issue that concerns both medical staff and sponsors of sports. The aim of this paper was to summarize the best evidence for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms and to discuss the current data and recommendations on sports-related head trauma as a cause of hypopituitarism.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], *Brain Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], *HEAD injuries, *Pituitary Diseases/et [Etiology], *Pituitary Gland/pp [Physiopathology], Athletic Injuries/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/co [Complications], Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], chronic disease, Closed/co [Complications], Closed/pp [Physiopathology], Early Diagnosis, Head Injuries, Humans, Pituitary Diseases/pp [Physiopathology], Pituitary Gland/in [Injuries]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Milne, Chris
Concussion Journal Article
In: New Zealand Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 69, 2010, ISBN: 01106384.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *DIAGNOSIS, *THERAPEUTICS, BRAIN function localization Overviews, Head Injuries
@article{Milne2010,
title = {Concussion},
author = {Milne, Chris},
isbn = {01106384},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {New Zealand Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {37},
number = {2},
pages = {69},
abstract = {The article presents questions and answers related to concussion including what causes it, what the signs and symptoms are and treatment.},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *DIAGNOSIS, *THERAPEUTICS, BRAIN function localization Overviews, Head Injuries},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kerr, J; Swann, I J; Pentland, B
A survey of information given to head-injured patients on direct discharge from emergency departments in Scotland Journal Article
In: Emergency Medicine Journal, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 330–332, 2007, ISBN: 1472-0205.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, Child, Emergency Service, Head Injuries, human, Pamphlets, Patient Discharge Education -- Evaluation, postconcussion syndrome, Scotland
@article{Kerr2007,
title = {A survey of information given to head-injured patients on direct discharge from emergency departments in Scotland},
author = {Kerr, J and Swann, I J and Pentland, B},
doi = {10.1136/emj.2006.044230},
isbn = {1472-0205},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Emergency Medicine Journal},
volume = {24},
number = {5},
pages = {330--332},
publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group},
abstract = {AIM: To survey the information provided to head-injured patients on discharge from emergency departments (EDs) in Scotland. METHODS: EDs throughout Scotland were asked to supply a copy of their head injury advice pamphlet for analysis. Each pamphlet was assessed against a template and an Excel spreadsheet was created. RESULTS: All 30 (100%) Scottish EDs responded. The frequency with which specific features appeared varied widely, with most pamphlets concentrating on emergency features, with less emphasis on postconcussion symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Head injury discharge advice should be standardised throughout EDs, with more emphasis given to postconcussion features.},
keywords = {adult, Child, Emergency Service, Head Injuries, human, Pamphlets, Patient Discharge Education -- Evaluation, postconcussion syndrome, Scotland},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McIntosh, Andrew S
Helmets and head protection for the athlete as a means to prevent injury Journal Article
In: International Sportmed Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2003, ISBN: 15283356.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, Head Injuries, head injury, Helmets, Hemorrhage, Skull fractures, Sport, Sports -- Rules, SPORTS competitions, Sports helmets, SPORTS injury prevention, test methods
@article{McIntosh2003b,
title = {Helmets and head protection for the athlete as a means to prevent injury},
author = {McIntosh, Andrew S},
isbn = {15283356},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {International Sportmed Journal},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {1--9},
publisher = {International Federation of Sports Medicine},
abstract = {Head injury and concussion remain of great concern in sports. The use of helmets in sport is widespread as a method of reducing the incidence and severity of head injury. For helmets to function well designers and standards organisations need to be informed of sport specific hazards and head injury risks. These data are available, but due to regional and competition level differences within a sport, and differences in injury surveillance systems, there are large discrepancies. Unfortunately, due to the material limitations helmets are designed to meet a fairly narrow range of impact hazards. It is important that the sports can convey their needs to the standards organisations and manufacturers, e.g. a helmet to prevent intra-cranial haemorrhage and skull fracture resulting from a severe high-speed impact or a helmet to prevent concussion in a contact sport, like rugby union football. The paper describes these issues and attempts to integrate the biomechanical aspects of head injury and helmet performance, helmet test methods and sport requirements. On a practical level, athletes can be advised on the correct selection and adjustment of helmets, and on the limitations in helmet performance. Other factors, such as technique, rules and rule enforcement, and venue preparation are important in reducing head injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]},
keywords = {Concussion, Head Injuries, head injury, Helmets, Hemorrhage, Skull fractures, Sport, Sports -- Rules, SPORTS competitions, Sports helmets, SPORTS injury prevention, test methods},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Shum, David H; McFarland, Ken; Bain, John D; Humphreys, Michael S
Effects of closed-head injury on attentional processes: An information-processing stage analysis Journal Article
In: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 247–264, 1990, ISBN: 1380-3395 1744-411X.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 17–45 yr olds with closed head injuries, 1990, attention, Cognitive Processes, feature extraction & identification & response sel, Head Injuries
@article{Shum1990,
title = {Effects of closed-head injury on attentional processes: An information-processing stage analysis},
author = {Shum, David H and McFarland, Ken and Bain, John D and Humphreys, Michael S},
doi = {10.1080/01688639008400971},
isbn = {1380-3395
1744-411X},
year = {1990},
date = {1990-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {247--264},
publisher = {Taylor \& Francis},
address = {United Kingdom},
abstract = {Two experiments, based on S. Sternberg's (see record [rid]1970-11748-001[/rid]) additive-factor method, examined attentional processes in terms of 4 information-processing stages: feature extraction, identification (ID), response selection (RS), and motor adjustment. A visuospatial reaction time (RT) task was undertaken by 16 university students (aged 17\textendash39 yrs) and 24 closed-head-injured (CI) patients (aged 17\textendash45 yrs), who were divided into groups (severe short-, severe long-, and mild short-term) based on severity of and time since injury. 17 normal controls, matched to CI Ss on age, sex, and education, also participated. CI Ss and normals exhibited a similar mode of linear information processing. Also, severe short-term CI Ss were impaired on ID, RS, and response execution. Severe long-term CI Ss were impaired on RS and response execution. There were no impairments for mild short-term CI Ss.},
keywords = {17\textendash45 yr olds with closed head injuries, 1990, attention, Cognitive Processes, feature extraction \& identification \& response sel, Head Injuries},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}