Bruce, Scott L; Stauffer, Sarah; Chaney, Andrew; Garrison, Kelsey
Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–4, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *COLLEGE athletes, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neurocognitive test batteries, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, reaction time, SAMPLING (Statistics), SEX distribution (Demography), STATISTICAL significance, T-test (Statistics), test- retest, test-retest
@article{Bruce2016,
title = {Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions},
author = {Bruce, Scott L and Stauffer, Sarah and Chaney, Andrew and Garrison, Kelsey},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--4},
abstract = {Neurocognitive test batteries are commonly used tools for concussion assessments in the medical professions. Administered at baseline and post-injury these tests provide information on a patient's neurocognitive ability during the recovery and return-to-activity phases. In athletics, student-athletes usually take the baseline exam as a group in a computer lab prior to the season beginning. If a medical professional believes an individual has sustained a possible concussion, they will retest them and compare their post-injury and baseline results. A deficit in one of more areas of the neurocognitive test may be indicative of a possible concussion. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not there was a difference in neurocognitive test scores from Concussion Vital Signs when tested under two different conditions: "lights out" and with distractions. Our study was a randomized control trial performed at a Midwestern NCAA, "mid-major" Division I Institution. The subjects were 15 college-aged students with an overall mean age of 19 years (...1.2). There were seven females (mean age was 19 ± 0.77) and eight males (mean age was 20 ± 1.2). A paired t-test was used to determine if a difference in the neurocognitive test section scores between the conditions existed. On three of the ten test sections, there was a statistically significant difference between the baseline and distraction condition. On four of the ten test sections between baseline and the lights out condition for males, but not for females. Testing should be done in a quiet room, with distractions minimized, as distraction hinders focus and performance. The results of this study indicate males may have a more difficult time concentrating while taking neurocognitive tests than females. Administering neurocognitive testing in a quiet, well-lit room is the best condition for the patient to take these concussion-related tests. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*COLLEGE athletes, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neurocognitive test batteries, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, reaction time, SAMPLING (Statistics), SEX distribution (Demography), STATISTICAL significance, T-test (Statistics), test- retest, test-retest},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Abreu, Marcos A; Edwards, Wirt; Spradley, Brandon D
The War Against Concussions Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–12, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE athletes, *DIAGNOSIS, *DISEASE complications, *FOOTBALL injuries, *HIGH school athletes, *PREVENTION, *PROFESSIONAL sports, *SAFETY hats, *SPORTS medicine, *SPORTS participation, *SYMPTOMS, Concussion, concussion evaluation, Concussion management, concussion prevention technology, DISCLOSURE, football helmet concussion reducing design, football helmet concussion reducing design., Return-to-play
@article{Abreu2016,
title = {The War Against Concussions},
author = {Abreu, Marcos A and Edwards, Wirt and Spradley, Brandon D},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--12},
abstract = {The game of football, especially at the higher levels, is becoming increasingly dangerous as athletes keep getting bigger, faster, and stronger. The rate at which concussions are occurring is alarming and player safety has become the topic of conversation among sport the community. Since the symptoms and signs of a concussion don't always appear immediately or appear to be mild at first, the sports community originally assumed that the head injuries weren't serious. Besides the risk of suffering another concussion, a growing body of research has linked sports concussions with serious long-term effects like depression and memory problems. To make matters worse, researchers documented that high school and collegiate athletes do not report concussions sustained during football play because they were not aware of the signs and symptoms of a concussion. Furthermore, although the National Football League (NFL) injury report has shown a decrease of head injuries since 2012, PBS FRONTLINE's Concussion Watch project reported that one-third of all concussions sustained during that time were left off the injury report. As research continues to expose the serious nature of sports concussion, league officials are facing constant scrutiny to change the rules and regulations that govern the game of football. Although the sport of football has a protocol to assess a player for a concussion, visual inspections could limit the amount of information a health care provider could gather. To address these certain limitations, manufacturers designed football helmets to decrease the forces of impact and engineered technological solutions to better detect head impacts that may cause injury. The purpose of this study is to examine the advancements in concussion detection and prevention, ultimately, providing league officials with recommendations that could help reduce a player's risk of a concussion. In addition to increasing concussion awareness, this study will support the balance between the adjustment to new concussion research and the sharing of knowledge acquired through research. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE athletes, *DIAGNOSIS, *DISEASE complications, *FOOTBALL injuries, *HIGH school athletes, *PREVENTION, *PROFESSIONAL sports, *SAFETY hats, *SPORTS medicine, *SPORTS participation, *SYMPTOMS, Concussion, concussion evaluation, Concussion management, concussion prevention technology, DISCLOSURE, football helmet concussion reducing design, football helmet concussion reducing design., Return-to-play},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keller, Joe
Concussions and the Issues of "Return to Learn" Journal Article
In: Interscholastic Athletic Administration, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 12–14, 2016, ISBN: 0097871X.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE athletes, *HEALTH
@article{Keller2016,
title = {Concussions and the Issues of "Return to Learn"},
author = {Keller, Joe},
isbn = {0097871X},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Interscholastic Athletic Administration},
volume = {42},
number = {3},
pages = {12--14},
abstract = {The article focuses on the Remove/Reduce, Education, Adjust/Accommodate and Pace (R.E.A.P) process needed for the protocol of concussed student-athletes in Interscholastic Athletic Administrators Association (IAAA).},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE athletes, *HEALTH},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Westermann, Robert W; Kerr, Zachary Y; Wehr, Peter; Amendola, Annuziato
Increasing Lower Extremity Injury Rates Across the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 Seasons of National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 3230–3236, 2016, ISBN: 03635465.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *ANKLE wounds, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE athletes, *COLLEGE sports, *EPIDEMIOLOGY, *FOOTBALL injuries, *KNEE -- Wounds & injuries, *LEG -- Wounds & injuries, *PREVENTION, *SPORTS -- Societies, ankle injury, Concussion, CONFIDENCE intervals, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, etc., football, IOWA, knee, LONGITUDINAL method, ODDS ratio, RESEARCH, RESEARCH -- Finance, RESEARCH -- Methodology, rule change, UNITED States
@article{Westermann2016,
title = {Increasing Lower Extremity Injury Rates Across the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 Seasons of National Collegiate Athletic Association Football},
author = {Westermann, Robert W and Kerr, Zachary Y and Wehr, Peter and Amendola, Annuziato},
isbn = {03635465},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {44},
number = {12},
pages = {3230--3236},
abstract = {Background: Sports-related concussions (SRCs) have gained increased societal interest in the past decade. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has implemented legislation and rule changes to decrease the incidence and risk of head injury impacts. The “targeting” rule forbids initiating contact with the crown of a helmet and targeting defenseless players in the head and neck area; however, there are concerns that this rule change has unintentionally led to an increased incidence of lower extremity injuries. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in lower extremity injury rates in NCAA football during the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 seasons. We hypothesized that the lower extremity injury rate has increased across the time period. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Sixty-eight NCAA football programs provided 153 team-seasons of data to the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program. Lower extremity injuries (ie, hip/groin, upper leg/thigh, knee, lower leg/Achilles, foot/toes) and SRCs sustained during NCAA football games were examined. We calculated injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) for lower extremity injuries and SRCs. Rate ratios (RRs) compared injury rates between the 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 seasons. Results: Overall, 2400 lower extremity injuries were reported during the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 seasons; most were to the knee (33.6%) and ankle (28.5%) and caused by player contact (59.2%). The lower extremity injury rate increased in 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 compared with 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 (23.55 vs 20.45/1000 AEs, respectively; RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.25). This finding was retained when restricted to injuries due to player contact (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.32) but not for injuries due to noncontact/overuse (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.80-1.14). When examining player contact injury rates by anatomic site, only ankle injuries had an increase (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.13-1.64). The SRC rate also increased in 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 compared with 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 (3.52 vs 2.63/1000 AEs, respectively; RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.66). Conclusion: The lower extremity injury rate has increased in NCAA football athletes. Similarly, SRC rates have increased, although this may be caused by concurrent policies related to better education, identification, and management. Targeting rule changes may be contributing to increased rates of player contact\textendashrelated ankle injuries. Alongside continued surveillance research to examine longitudinal time trends, more in-depth individual-level examinations of how targeting rule changes influence coaching and player behaviors are warranted. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*ANKLE wounds, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE athletes, *COLLEGE sports, *EPIDEMIOLOGY, *FOOTBALL injuries, *KNEE -- Wounds \& injuries, *LEG -- Wounds \& injuries, *PREVENTION, *SPORTS -- Societies, ankle injury, Concussion, CONFIDENCE intervals, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, etc., football, IOWA, knee, LONGITUDINAL method, ODDS ratio, RESEARCH, RESEARCH -- Finance, RESEARCH -- Methodology, rule change, UNITED States},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bruce, Scott L; Stauffer, Sarah; Chaney, Andrew; Garrison, Kelsey
Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–4, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
@article{Bruce2016,
title = {Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions},
author = {Bruce, Scott L and Stauffer, Sarah and Chaney, Andrew and Garrison, Kelsey},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--4},
abstract = {Neurocognitive test batteries are commonly used tools for concussion assessments in the medical professions. Administered at baseline and post-injury these tests provide information on a patient's neurocognitive ability during the recovery and return-to-activity phases. In athletics, student-athletes usually take the baseline exam as a group in a computer lab prior to the season beginning. If a medical professional believes an individual has sustained a possible concussion, they will retest them and compare their post-injury and baseline results. A deficit in one of more areas of the neurocognitive test may be indicative of a possible concussion. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not there was a difference in neurocognitive test scores from Concussion Vital Signs when tested under two different conditions: "lights out" and with distractions. Our study was a randomized control trial performed at a Midwestern NCAA, "mid-major" Division I Institution. The subjects were 15 college-aged students with an overall mean age of 19 years (...1.2). There were seven females (mean age was 19 ± 0.77) and eight males (mean age was 20 ± 1.2). A paired t-test was used to determine if a difference in the neurocognitive test section scores between the conditions existed. On three of the ten test sections, there was a statistically significant difference between the baseline and distraction condition. On four of the ten test sections between baseline and the lights out condition for males, but not for females. Testing should be done in a quiet room, with distractions minimized, as distraction hinders focus and performance. The results of this study indicate males may have a more difficult time concentrating while taking neurocognitive tests than females. Administering neurocognitive testing in a quiet, well-lit room is the best condition for the patient to take these concussion-related tests. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Abreu, Marcos A; Edwards, Wirt; Spradley, Brandon D
The War Against Concussions Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–12, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
@article{Abreu2016,
title = {The War Against Concussions},
author = {Abreu, Marcos A and Edwards, Wirt and Spradley, Brandon D},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--12},
abstract = {The game of football, especially at the higher levels, is becoming increasingly dangerous as athletes keep getting bigger, faster, and stronger. The rate at which concussions are occurring is alarming and player safety has become the topic of conversation among sport the community. Since the symptoms and signs of a concussion don't always appear immediately or appear to be mild at first, the sports community originally assumed that the head injuries weren't serious. Besides the risk of suffering another concussion, a growing body of research has linked sports concussions with serious long-term effects like depression and memory problems. To make matters worse, researchers documented that high school and collegiate athletes do not report concussions sustained during football play because they were not aware of the signs and symptoms of a concussion. Furthermore, although the National Football League (NFL) injury report has shown a decrease of head injuries since 2012, PBS FRONTLINE's Concussion Watch project reported that one-third of all concussions sustained during that time were left off the injury report. As research continues to expose the serious nature of sports concussion, league officials are facing constant scrutiny to change the rules and regulations that govern the game of football. Although the sport of football has a protocol to assess a player for a concussion, visual inspections could limit the amount of information a health care provider could gather. To address these certain limitations, manufacturers designed football helmets to decrease the forces of impact and engineered technological solutions to better detect head impacts that may cause injury. The purpose of this study is to examine the advancements in concussion detection and prevention, ultimately, providing league officials with recommendations that could help reduce a player's risk of a concussion. In addition to increasing concussion awareness, this study will support the balance between the adjustment to new concussion research and the sharing of knowledge acquired through research. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keller, Joe
Concussions and the Issues of "Return to Learn" Journal Article
In: Interscholastic Athletic Administration, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 12–14, 2016, ISBN: 0097871X.
@article{Keller2016,
title = {Concussions and the Issues of "Return to Learn"},
author = {Keller, Joe},
isbn = {0097871X},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Interscholastic Athletic Administration},
volume = {42},
number = {3},
pages = {12--14},
abstract = {The article focuses on the Remove/Reduce, Education, Adjust/Accommodate and Pace (R.E.A.P) process needed for the protocol of concussed student-athletes in Interscholastic Athletic Administrators Association (IAAA).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Westermann, Robert W; Kerr, Zachary Y; Wehr, Peter; Amendola, Annuziato
Increasing Lower Extremity Injury Rates Across the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 Seasons of National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 3230–3236, 2016, ISBN: 03635465.
@article{Westermann2016,
title = {Increasing Lower Extremity Injury Rates Across the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 Seasons of National Collegiate Athletic Association Football},
author = {Westermann, Robert W and Kerr, Zachary Y and Wehr, Peter and Amendola, Annuziato},
isbn = {03635465},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {44},
number = {12},
pages = {3230--3236},
abstract = {Background: Sports-related concussions (SRCs) have gained increased societal interest in the past decade. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has implemented legislation and rule changes to decrease the incidence and risk of head injury impacts. The “targeting” rule forbids initiating contact with the crown of a helmet and targeting defenseless players in the head and neck area; however, there are concerns that this rule change has unintentionally led to an increased incidence of lower extremity injuries. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in lower extremity injury rates in NCAA football during the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 seasons. We hypothesized that the lower extremity injury rate has increased across the time period. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Sixty-eight NCAA football programs provided 153 team-seasons of data to the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program. Lower extremity injuries (ie, hip/groin, upper leg/thigh, knee, lower leg/Achilles, foot/toes) and SRCs sustained during NCAA football games were examined. We calculated injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) for lower extremity injuries and SRCs. Rate ratios (RRs) compared injury rates between the 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 seasons. Results: Overall, 2400 lower extremity injuries were reported during the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 seasons; most were to the knee (33.6%) and ankle (28.5%) and caused by player contact (59.2%). The lower extremity injury rate increased in 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 compared with 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 (23.55 vs 20.45/1000 AEs, respectively; RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.25). This finding was retained when restricted to injuries due to player contact (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.32) but not for injuries due to noncontact/overuse (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.80-1.14). When examining player contact injury rates by anatomic site, only ankle injuries had an increase (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.13-1.64). The SRC rate also increased in 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 compared with 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 (3.52 vs 2.63/1000 AEs, respectively; RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.66). Conclusion: The lower extremity injury rate has increased in NCAA football athletes. Similarly, SRC rates have increased, although this may be caused by concurrent policies related to better education, identification, and management. Targeting rule changes may be contributing to increased rates of player contact\textendashrelated ankle injuries. Alongside continued surveillance research to examine longitudinal time trends, more in-depth individual-level examinations of how targeting rule changes influence coaching and player behaviors are warranted. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bruce, Scott L; Stauffer, Sarah; Chaney, Andrew; Garrison, Kelsey
Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–4, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *COLLEGE athletes, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neurocognitive test batteries, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, reaction time, SAMPLING (Statistics), SEX distribution (Demography), STATISTICAL significance, T-test (Statistics), test- retest, test-retest
@article{Bruce2016,
title = {Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions},
author = {Bruce, Scott L and Stauffer, Sarah and Chaney, Andrew and Garrison, Kelsey},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--4},
abstract = {Neurocognitive test batteries are commonly used tools for concussion assessments in the medical professions. Administered at baseline and post-injury these tests provide information on a patient's neurocognitive ability during the recovery and return-to-activity phases. In athletics, student-athletes usually take the baseline exam as a group in a computer lab prior to the season beginning. If a medical professional believes an individual has sustained a possible concussion, they will retest them and compare their post-injury and baseline results. A deficit in one of more areas of the neurocognitive test may be indicative of a possible concussion. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not there was a difference in neurocognitive test scores from Concussion Vital Signs when tested under two different conditions: "lights out" and with distractions. Our study was a randomized control trial performed at a Midwestern NCAA, "mid-major" Division I Institution. The subjects were 15 college-aged students with an overall mean age of 19 years (...1.2). There were seven females (mean age was 19 ± 0.77) and eight males (mean age was 20 ± 1.2). A paired t-test was used to determine if a difference in the neurocognitive test section scores between the conditions existed. On three of the ten test sections, there was a statistically significant difference between the baseline and distraction condition. On four of the ten test sections between baseline and the lights out condition for males, but not for females. Testing should be done in a quiet room, with distractions minimized, as distraction hinders focus and performance. The results of this study indicate males may have a more difficult time concentrating while taking neurocognitive tests than females. Administering neurocognitive testing in a quiet, well-lit room is the best condition for the patient to take these concussion-related tests. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*COLLEGE athletes, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neurocognitive test batteries, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, reaction time, SAMPLING (Statistics), SEX distribution (Demography), STATISTICAL significance, T-test (Statistics), test- retest, test-retest},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Abreu, Marcos A; Edwards, Wirt; Spradley, Brandon D
The War Against Concussions Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–12, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE athletes, *DIAGNOSIS, *DISEASE complications, *FOOTBALL injuries, *HIGH school athletes, *PREVENTION, *PROFESSIONAL sports, *SAFETY hats, *SPORTS medicine, *SPORTS participation, *SYMPTOMS, Concussion, concussion evaluation, Concussion management, concussion prevention technology, DISCLOSURE, football helmet concussion reducing design, football helmet concussion reducing design., Return-to-play
@article{Abreu2016,
title = {The War Against Concussions},
author = {Abreu, Marcos A and Edwards, Wirt and Spradley, Brandon D},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--12},
abstract = {The game of football, especially at the higher levels, is becoming increasingly dangerous as athletes keep getting bigger, faster, and stronger. The rate at which concussions are occurring is alarming and player safety has become the topic of conversation among sport the community. Since the symptoms and signs of a concussion don't always appear immediately or appear to be mild at first, the sports community originally assumed that the head injuries weren't serious. Besides the risk of suffering another concussion, a growing body of research has linked sports concussions with serious long-term effects like depression and memory problems. To make matters worse, researchers documented that high school and collegiate athletes do not report concussions sustained during football play because they were not aware of the signs and symptoms of a concussion. Furthermore, although the National Football League (NFL) injury report has shown a decrease of head injuries since 2012, PBS FRONTLINE's Concussion Watch project reported that one-third of all concussions sustained during that time were left off the injury report. As research continues to expose the serious nature of sports concussion, league officials are facing constant scrutiny to change the rules and regulations that govern the game of football. Although the sport of football has a protocol to assess a player for a concussion, visual inspections could limit the amount of information a health care provider could gather. To address these certain limitations, manufacturers designed football helmets to decrease the forces of impact and engineered technological solutions to better detect head impacts that may cause injury. The purpose of this study is to examine the advancements in concussion detection and prevention, ultimately, providing league officials with recommendations that could help reduce a player's risk of a concussion. In addition to increasing concussion awareness, this study will support the balance between the adjustment to new concussion research and the sharing of knowledge acquired through research. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE athletes, *DIAGNOSIS, *DISEASE complications, *FOOTBALL injuries, *HIGH school athletes, *PREVENTION, *PROFESSIONAL sports, *SAFETY hats, *SPORTS medicine, *SPORTS participation, *SYMPTOMS, Concussion, concussion evaluation, Concussion management, concussion prevention technology, DISCLOSURE, football helmet concussion reducing design, football helmet concussion reducing design., Return-to-play},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keller, Joe
Concussions and the Issues of "Return to Learn" Journal Article
In: Interscholastic Athletic Administration, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 12–14, 2016, ISBN: 0097871X.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE athletes, *HEALTH
@article{Keller2016,
title = {Concussions and the Issues of "Return to Learn"},
author = {Keller, Joe},
isbn = {0097871X},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Interscholastic Athletic Administration},
volume = {42},
number = {3},
pages = {12--14},
abstract = {The article focuses on the Remove/Reduce, Education, Adjust/Accommodate and Pace (R.E.A.P) process needed for the protocol of concussed student-athletes in Interscholastic Athletic Administrators Association (IAAA).},
keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE athletes, *HEALTH},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Westermann, Robert W; Kerr, Zachary Y; Wehr, Peter; Amendola, Annuziato
Increasing Lower Extremity Injury Rates Across the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 Seasons of National Collegiate Athletic Association Football Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 44, no. 12, pp. 3230–3236, 2016, ISBN: 03635465.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *ANKLE wounds, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE athletes, *COLLEGE sports, *EPIDEMIOLOGY, *FOOTBALL injuries, *KNEE -- Wounds & injuries, *LEG -- Wounds & injuries, *PREVENTION, *SPORTS -- Societies, ankle injury, Concussion, CONFIDENCE intervals, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, etc., football, IOWA, knee, LONGITUDINAL method, ODDS ratio, RESEARCH, RESEARCH -- Finance, RESEARCH -- Methodology, rule change, UNITED States
@article{Westermann2016,
title = {Increasing Lower Extremity Injury Rates Across the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 Seasons of National Collegiate Athletic Association Football},
author = {Westermann, Robert W and Kerr, Zachary Y and Wehr, Peter and Amendola, Annuziato},
isbn = {03635465},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {44},
number = {12},
pages = {3230--3236},
abstract = {Background: Sports-related concussions (SRCs) have gained increased societal interest in the past decade. The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has implemented legislation and rule changes to decrease the incidence and risk of head injury impacts. The “targeting” rule forbids initiating contact with the crown of a helmet and targeting defenseless players in the head and neck area; however, there are concerns that this rule change has unintentionally led to an increased incidence of lower extremity injuries. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in lower extremity injury rates in NCAA football during the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 seasons. We hypothesized that the lower extremity injury rate has increased across the time period. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Sixty-eight NCAA football programs provided 153 team-seasons of data to the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program. Lower extremity injuries (ie, hip/groin, upper leg/thigh, knee, lower leg/Achilles, foot/toes) and SRCs sustained during NCAA football games were examined. We calculated injury rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) for lower extremity injuries and SRCs. Rate ratios (RRs) compared injury rates between the 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 seasons. Results: Overall, 2400 lower extremity injuries were reported during the 2009-2010 to 2014-2015 seasons; most were to the knee (33.6%) and ankle (28.5%) and caused by player contact (59.2%). The lower extremity injury rate increased in 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 compared with 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 (23.55 vs 20.45/1000 AEs, respectively; RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.25). This finding was retained when restricted to injuries due to player contact (RR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.07-1.32) but not for injuries due to noncontact/overuse (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.80-1.14). When examining player contact injury rates by anatomic site, only ankle injuries had an increase (RR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.13-1.64). The SRC rate also increased in 2012-2013 to 2014-2015 compared with 2009-2010 to 2011-2012 (3.52 vs 2.63/1000 AEs, respectively; RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.08-1.66). Conclusion: The lower extremity injury rate has increased in NCAA football athletes. Similarly, SRC rates have increased, although this may be caused by concurrent policies related to better education, identification, and management. Targeting rule changes may be contributing to increased rates of player contact\textendashrelated ankle injuries. Alongside continued surveillance research to examine longitudinal time trends, more in-depth individual-level examinations of how targeting rule changes influence coaching and player behaviors are warranted. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*ANKLE wounds, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *COLLEGE athletes, *COLLEGE sports, *EPIDEMIOLOGY, *FOOTBALL injuries, *KNEE -- Wounds \& injuries, *LEG -- Wounds \& injuries, *PREVENTION, *SPORTS -- Societies, ankle injury, Concussion, CONFIDENCE intervals, DATA analysis -- Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, etc., football, IOWA, knee, LONGITUDINAL method, ODDS ratio, RESEARCH, RESEARCH -- Finance, RESEARCH -- Methodology, rule change, UNITED States},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}