Clark, J M; Hoshizaki, T B
The Ability of Men's Lacrosse Helmets to Reduce the Dynamic Impact Response for Different Striking Techniques in Women's Field Lacrosse Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1047–1055, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices, *Materials Testing, *Racquet Sports/in [Injuries], *Sports Equipment, adult, Female, Humans, Male
@article{Clark2016,
title = {The Ability of Men's Lacrosse Helmets to Reduce the Dynamic Impact Response for Different Striking Techniques in Women's Field Lacrosse},
author = {Clark, J M and Hoshizaki, T B},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {44},
number = {4},
pages = {1047--1055},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Women's field lacrosse is described as a noncontact game relying primarily on rules to decrease the risk of head injuries. Despite not allowing head contact, however, concussions continue to be reported in women's field lacrosse. PURPOSE: To assess the ability of men's lacrosse helmets to decrease linear and angular acceleration for different striking techniques in women's field lacrosse. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: A helmeted and unhelmeted Hybrid III 50th Percentile headform was attached to a Hybrid III neckform and were subjected to impacts by 8 striking techniques. Eleven athletic females completed 5 slashing techniques, while physical reconstruction equipment was used to simulate falls and shoulder and ball impacts to the head. Three trials were conducted for each condition, and peak resultant linear and angular accelerations of the headform were measured. RESULTS: Falls produced the highest linear and angular acceleration, followed by ball and high-velocity stick impacts. Low-velocity stick impacts were found to produce the lowest linear and angular accelerations. Men's lacrosse helmets significantly decreased linear and angular accelerations in all conditions, while unhelmeted impacts were associated with high accelerations. CONCLUSION: If women's field lacrosse is played within the rules, only falls were found to produce high linear and angular acceleration. However, ball and high-velocity stick impacts were found to produce high linear and angular accelerations. These linear and angular accelerations were found to be within the ranges reported for concussion. When the game is not played within the rules, men's lacrosse helmets provide an effective method of reducing linear and angular accelerations. Thus, women's field lacrosse may be able to reduce the occurrence of high linear and angular acceleration impacts by having governing bodies improving rules, implementing the use of helmets, or both. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Identifying striking techniques that produce high linear and angular acceleration specific to women's lacrosse and measuring the capacity of a men's lacrosse helmet to reduce linear and angular acceleration.Copyright © 2016 The Author(s).},
keywords = {*Brain Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices, *Materials Testing, *Racquet Sports/in [Injuries], *Sports Equipment, adult, Female, Humans, Male},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fahlstedt, M; Halldin, P; Kleiven, S
The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 91, pp. 135–143, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Accidents, *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices, *Skull Fractures/pc [Prevention & Control], Computer simulation, Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], finite element analysis, Humans, Traffic
@article{Fahlstedt2016,
title = {The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study},
author = {Fahlstedt, M and Halldin, P and Kleiven, S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {91},
pages = {135--143},
abstract = {There is some controversy regarding the effectiveness of helmets in preventing head injuries among cyclists. Epidemiological, experimental and computer simulation studies have suggested that helmets do indeed have a protective effect, whereas other studies based on epidemiological data have argued that there is no evidence that the helmet protects the brain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of a helmet in single bicycle accident reconstructions using detailed finite element simulations. Strain in the brain tissue, which is associated with brain injuries, was reduced by up to 43% for the accident cases studied when a helmet was included. This resulted in a reduction of the risk of concussion of up to 54%. The stress to the skull bone went from fracture level of 80 MPa down to 13-16 MPa when a helmet was included and the skull fracture risk was reduced by up to 98% based on linear acceleration. Even with a 10% increased riding velocity for the helmeted impacts, to take into account possible increased risk taking, the risk of concussion was still reduced by up to 46% when compared with the unhelmeted impacts with original velocity. The results of this study show that the brain injury risk and risk of skull fracture could have been reduced in these three cases if a helmet had been worn.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {*Accidents, *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices, *Skull Fractures/pc [Prevention \& Control], Computer simulation, Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], finite element analysis, Humans, Traffic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {*Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rowson, S; Duma, S M; Greenwald, R M; Beckwith, J G; Guskiewicz, K M; Crisco, J J; Wilcox, B J; McAllister, T W; Maerlender, A C; Broglio, S P; Schnebel, B; Brolinson, P G
Response Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 492–493, 2014.
BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], *Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention & Control], *Football/in [Injuries], *Head Protective Devices, Humans, Male
@article{Rowson2014a,
title = {Response},
author = {Rowson, S and Duma, S M and Greenwald, R M and Beckwith, J G and Guskiewicz, K M and Crisco, J J and Wilcox, B J and McAllister, T W and Maerlender, A C and Broglio, S P and Schnebel, B and Brolinson, P G},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery},
volume = {121},
number = {2},
pages = {492--493},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Football/in [Injuries], *Head Protective Devices, Humans, Male},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Milne, G; Deck, C; Carreira, R P; Allinne, Q; Willinger, R
Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 15 Suppl 1, pp. 309–310, 2012.
BibTeX | Tags: *Bicycling, *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Equipment Design, Humans, RISK assessment
@article{Milne2012,
title = {Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions},
author = {Milne, G and Deck, C and Carreira, R P and Allinne, Q and Willinger, R},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {15 Suppl 1},
pages = {309--310},
keywords = {*Bicycling, *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Equipment Design, Humans, RISK assessment},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Depreitere, B; Van Lierde, C; Vander Sloten, J; Van der Perre, G; Van Audekercke, R; Plets, C; Goffin, J
Lateral head impacts and protection of the temporal area by bicycle safety helmets Journal Article
In: Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 1440–1445, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Bicycling, *HEAD injuries, *Head Protective Devices, *Skull Fractures, *Temporal Bone/in [Injuries], Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], Biomechanical Phenomena, Cadaver, Closed/pc [Prevention & Control], Humans
@article{Depreitere2007,
title = {Lateral head impacts and protection of the temporal area by bicycle safety helmets},
author = {Depreitere, B and {Van Lierde}, C and {Vander Sloten}, J and {Van der Perre}, G and {Van Audekercke}, R and Plets, C and Goffin, J},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection \& Critical Care},
volume = {62},
number = {6},
pages = {1440--1445},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The protective effectiveness of bicycle helmets has been demonstrated in several epidemiologic studies. However, the temple region is only minimally covered by most helmet models. Impact tests were performed on human cadavers to investigate whether current bicycle helmets are capable of preventing direct contact on the temporal area in side impacts. METHODS: Lateral head impacts, corresponding to a force load of 15,000 N on an nonhelmeted head, were applied on 11 helmeted cadavers by a steel pendulum with a flat impact surface, and the contact between the impactor plate and the temporal and zygomatic area was investigated by means of paint transfer. In eight tests, a common design bicycle helmet was used, whereas in three tests the helmets provided larger temporal coverage (temporal helmet edge \<10 mm above Frankfort plane). The skulls were inspected for fractures. RESULTS: In seven of the eight tests with common design bicycle helmets, contact had occurred and in one of these a skull fracture was seen. The helmets with a larger temporal coverage consistently prevented such contact loading. CONCLUSIONS: The common designs of commercially available bicycle helmets do not prevent direct contact loading on the temporal and zygomatic arch region and this contact loading is potentially harmful. The present preliminary study strongly questions the effectiveness of these helmets in providing accurate protection of the temporal and zygomatic area.},
keywords = {*Bicycling, *HEAD injuries, *Head Protective Devices, *Skull Fractures, *Temporal Bone/in [Injuries], Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], Biomechanical Phenomena, Cadaver, Closed/pc [Prevention \& Control], Humans},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Perry, C E; Buhrman, J R
Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations Journal Article
In: Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. P88–91, 1995.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Acceleration/ae [Adverse Effects], *Head Protective Devices, *Neck/ph [Physiology], Aircraft, Aviation, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer simulation, Equipment Design, Head Movements, Humans, Military personnel, Motion, Neck Injuries, SAFETY
@article{Perry1995,
title = {Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations},
author = {Perry, C E and Buhrman, J R},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {P88--91},
abstract = {The objective of the test program was to study the effect of parametric changes in helmet inertial properties on the biodynamic response of human volunteers subjected to +Gz impact accelerations. Test data was used to drive a computer model (DYNAMAN) to estimate the loads and torques in the neck during impact. Currently, only seven of eleven test cells with variations in the inertial properties of the helmet along the x-axis of the head have been analyzed. Preliminary data analysis indicates that the biodynamic response of the head under the tested conditions is slightly more sensitive to the moment of inertia of the helmet than its weight alone even though both variables showed a general trend for the head accelerations (linear and angular) to increase. It has been shown that the model can give good estimates of the compression loads in the neck, but that the torque estimates will be low, possibly by a factor of three. Further refinements of the neck joint parameters in the model will be required in order to increase the motion of the head segment during impact acceleration and will be done prior to completing the remaining test cell analysis. Finally, all the test data will be evaluated to determine if the current interim head criteria require modification.},
keywords = {*Acceleration/ae [Adverse Effects], *Head Protective Devices, *Neck/ph [Physiology], Aircraft, Aviation, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer simulation, Equipment Design, Head Movements, Humans, Military personnel, Motion, Neck Injuries, SAFETY},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Clark, J M; Hoshizaki, T B
The Ability of Men's Lacrosse Helmets to Reduce the Dynamic Impact Response for Different Striking Techniques in Women's Field Lacrosse Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1047–1055, 2016.
@article{Clark2016,
title = {The Ability of Men's Lacrosse Helmets to Reduce the Dynamic Impact Response for Different Striking Techniques in Women's Field Lacrosse},
author = {Clark, J M and Hoshizaki, T B},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {44},
number = {4},
pages = {1047--1055},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Women's field lacrosse is described as a noncontact game relying primarily on rules to decrease the risk of head injuries. Despite not allowing head contact, however, concussions continue to be reported in women's field lacrosse. PURPOSE: To assess the ability of men's lacrosse helmets to decrease linear and angular acceleration for different striking techniques in women's field lacrosse. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: A helmeted and unhelmeted Hybrid III 50th Percentile headform was attached to a Hybrid III neckform and were subjected to impacts by 8 striking techniques. Eleven athletic females completed 5 slashing techniques, while physical reconstruction equipment was used to simulate falls and shoulder and ball impacts to the head. Three trials were conducted for each condition, and peak resultant linear and angular accelerations of the headform were measured. RESULTS: Falls produced the highest linear and angular acceleration, followed by ball and high-velocity stick impacts. Low-velocity stick impacts were found to produce the lowest linear and angular accelerations. Men's lacrosse helmets significantly decreased linear and angular accelerations in all conditions, while unhelmeted impacts were associated with high accelerations. CONCLUSION: If women's field lacrosse is played within the rules, only falls were found to produce high linear and angular acceleration. However, ball and high-velocity stick impacts were found to produce high linear and angular accelerations. These linear and angular accelerations were found to be within the ranges reported for concussion. When the game is not played within the rules, men's lacrosse helmets provide an effective method of reducing linear and angular accelerations. Thus, women's field lacrosse may be able to reduce the occurrence of high linear and angular acceleration impacts by having governing bodies improving rules, implementing the use of helmets, or both. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Identifying striking techniques that produce high linear and angular acceleration specific to women's lacrosse and measuring the capacity of a men's lacrosse helmet to reduce linear and angular acceleration.Copyright © 2016 The Author(s).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fahlstedt, M; Halldin, P; Kleiven, S
The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 91, pp. 135–143, 2016.
@article{Fahlstedt2016,
title = {The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study},
author = {Fahlstedt, M and Halldin, P and Kleiven, S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {91},
pages = {135--143},
abstract = {There is some controversy regarding the effectiveness of helmets in preventing head injuries among cyclists. Epidemiological, experimental and computer simulation studies have suggested that helmets do indeed have a protective effect, whereas other studies based on epidemiological data have argued that there is no evidence that the helmet protects the brain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of a helmet in single bicycle accident reconstructions using detailed finite element simulations. Strain in the brain tissue, which is associated with brain injuries, was reduced by up to 43% for the accident cases studied when a helmet was included. This resulted in a reduction of the risk of concussion of up to 54%. The stress to the skull bone went from fracture level of 80 MPa down to 13-16 MPa when a helmet was included and the skull fracture risk was reduced by up to 98% based on linear acceleration. Even with a 10% increased riding velocity for the helmeted impacts, to take into account possible increased risk taking, the risk of concussion was still reduced by up to 46% when compared with the unhelmeted impacts with original velocity. The results of this study show that the brain injury risk and risk of skull fracture could have been reduced in these three cases if a helmet had been worn.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rowson, S; Duma, S M; Greenwald, R M; Beckwith, J G; Guskiewicz, K M; Crisco, J J; Wilcox, B J; McAllister, T W; Maerlender, A C; Broglio, S P; Schnebel, B; Brolinson, P G
Response Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 492–493, 2014.
@article{Rowson2014a,
title = {Response},
author = {Rowson, S and Duma, S M and Greenwald, R M and Beckwith, J G and Guskiewicz, K M and Crisco, J J and Wilcox, B J and McAllister, T W and Maerlender, A C and Broglio, S P and Schnebel, B and Brolinson, P G},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery},
volume = {121},
number = {2},
pages = {492--493},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Milne, G; Deck, C; Carreira, R P; Allinne, Q; Willinger, R
Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 15 Suppl 1, pp. 309–310, 2012.
@article{Milne2012,
title = {Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions},
author = {Milne, G and Deck, C and Carreira, R P and Allinne, Q and Willinger, R},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {15 Suppl 1},
pages = {309--310},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Depreitere, B; Van Lierde, C; Vander Sloten, J; Van der Perre, G; Van Audekercke, R; Plets, C; Goffin, J
Lateral head impacts and protection of the temporal area by bicycle safety helmets Journal Article
In: Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 1440–1445, 2007.
@article{Depreitere2007,
title = {Lateral head impacts and protection of the temporal area by bicycle safety helmets},
author = {Depreitere, B and {Van Lierde}, C and {Vander Sloten}, J and {Van der Perre}, G and {Van Audekercke}, R and Plets, C and Goffin, J},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection \& Critical Care},
volume = {62},
number = {6},
pages = {1440--1445},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The protective effectiveness of bicycle helmets has been demonstrated in several epidemiologic studies. However, the temple region is only minimally covered by most helmet models. Impact tests were performed on human cadavers to investigate whether current bicycle helmets are capable of preventing direct contact on the temporal area in side impacts. METHODS: Lateral head impacts, corresponding to a force load of 15,000 N on an nonhelmeted head, were applied on 11 helmeted cadavers by a steel pendulum with a flat impact surface, and the contact between the impactor plate and the temporal and zygomatic area was investigated by means of paint transfer. In eight tests, a common design bicycle helmet was used, whereas in three tests the helmets provided larger temporal coverage (temporal helmet edge \<10 mm above Frankfort plane). The skulls were inspected for fractures. RESULTS: In seven of the eight tests with common design bicycle helmets, contact had occurred and in one of these a skull fracture was seen. The helmets with a larger temporal coverage consistently prevented such contact loading. CONCLUSIONS: The common designs of commercially available bicycle helmets do not prevent direct contact loading on the temporal and zygomatic arch region and this contact loading is potentially harmful. The present preliminary study strongly questions the effectiveness of these helmets in providing accurate protection of the temporal and zygomatic area.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Perry, C E; Buhrman, J R
Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations Journal Article
In: Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. P88–91, 1995.
@article{Perry1995,
title = {Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations},
author = {Perry, C E and Buhrman, J R},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {P88--91},
abstract = {The objective of the test program was to study the effect of parametric changes in helmet inertial properties on the biodynamic response of human volunteers subjected to +Gz impact accelerations. Test data was used to drive a computer model (DYNAMAN) to estimate the loads and torques in the neck during impact. Currently, only seven of eleven test cells with variations in the inertial properties of the helmet along the x-axis of the head have been analyzed. Preliminary data analysis indicates that the biodynamic response of the head under the tested conditions is slightly more sensitive to the moment of inertia of the helmet than its weight alone even though both variables showed a general trend for the head accelerations (linear and angular) to increase. It has been shown that the model can give good estimates of the compression loads in the neck, but that the torque estimates will be low, possibly by a factor of three. Further refinements of the neck joint parameters in the model will be required in order to increase the motion of the head segment during impact acceleration and will be done prior to completing the remaining test cell analysis. Finally, all the test data will be evaluated to determine if the current interim head criteria require modification.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Clark, J M; Hoshizaki, T B
The Ability of Men's Lacrosse Helmets to Reduce the Dynamic Impact Response for Different Striking Techniques in Women's Field Lacrosse Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 1047–1055, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices, *Materials Testing, *Racquet Sports/in [Injuries], *Sports Equipment, adult, Female, Humans, Male
@article{Clark2016,
title = {The Ability of Men's Lacrosse Helmets to Reduce the Dynamic Impact Response for Different Striking Techniques in Women's Field Lacrosse},
author = {Clark, J M and Hoshizaki, T B},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {44},
number = {4},
pages = {1047--1055},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Women's field lacrosse is described as a noncontact game relying primarily on rules to decrease the risk of head injuries. Despite not allowing head contact, however, concussions continue to be reported in women's field lacrosse. PURPOSE: To assess the ability of men's lacrosse helmets to decrease linear and angular acceleration for different striking techniques in women's field lacrosse. STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: A helmeted and unhelmeted Hybrid III 50th Percentile headform was attached to a Hybrid III neckform and were subjected to impacts by 8 striking techniques. Eleven athletic females completed 5 slashing techniques, while physical reconstruction equipment was used to simulate falls and shoulder and ball impacts to the head. Three trials were conducted for each condition, and peak resultant linear and angular accelerations of the headform were measured. RESULTS: Falls produced the highest linear and angular acceleration, followed by ball and high-velocity stick impacts. Low-velocity stick impacts were found to produce the lowest linear and angular accelerations. Men's lacrosse helmets significantly decreased linear and angular accelerations in all conditions, while unhelmeted impacts were associated with high accelerations. CONCLUSION: If women's field lacrosse is played within the rules, only falls were found to produce high linear and angular acceleration. However, ball and high-velocity stick impacts were found to produce high linear and angular accelerations. These linear and angular accelerations were found to be within the ranges reported for concussion. When the game is not played within the rules, men's lacrosse helmets provide an effective method of reducing linear and angular accelerations. Thus, women's field lacrosse may be able to reduce the occurrence of high linear and angular acceleration impacts by having governing bodies improving rules, implementing the use of helmets, or both. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Identifying striking techniques that produce high linear and angular acceleration specific to women's lacrosse and measuring the capacity of a men's lacrosse helmet to reduce linear and angular acceleration.Copyright © 2016 The Author(s).},
keywords = {*Brain Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices, *Materials Testing, *Racquet Sports/in [Injuries], *Sports Equipment, adult, Female, Humans, Male},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fahlstedt, M; Halldin, P; Kleiven, S
The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 91, pp. 135–143, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Accidents, *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices, *Skull Fractures/pc [Prevention & Control], Computer simulation, Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], finite element analysis, Humans, Traffic
@article{Fahlstedt2016,
title = {The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study},
author = {Fahlstedt, M and Halldin, P and Kleiven, S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {91},
pages = {135--143},
abstract = {There is some controversy regarding the effectiveness of helmets in preventing head injuries among cyclists. Epidemiological, experimental and computer simulation studies have suggested that helmets do indeed have a protective effect, whereas other studies based on epidemiological data have argued that there is no evidence that the helmet protects the brain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of a helmet in single bicycle accident reconstructions using detailed finite element simulations. Strain in the brain tissue, which is associated with brain injuries, was reduced by up to 43% for the accident cases studied when a helmet was included. This resulted in a reduction of the risk of concussion of up to 54%. The stress to the skull bone went from fracture level of 80 MPa down to 13-16 MPa when a helmet was included and the skull fracture risk was reduced by up to 98% based on linear acceleration. Even with a 10% increased riding velocity for the helmeted impacts, to take into account possible increased risk taking, the risk of concussion was still reduced by up to 46% when compared with the unhelmeted impacts with original velocity. The results of this study show that the brain injury risk and risk of skull fracture could have been reduced in these three cases if a helmet had been worn.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {*Accidents, *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices, *Skull Fractures/pc [Prevention \& Control], Computer simulation, Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], finite element analysis, Humans, Traffic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {*Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rowson, S; Duma, S M; Greenwald, R M; Beckwith, J G; Guskiewicz, K M; Crisco, J J; Wilcox, B J; McAllister, T W; Maerlender, A C; Broglio, S P; Schnebel, B; Brolinson, P G
Response Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 492–493, 2014.
BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], *Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention & Control], *Football/in [Injuries], *Head Protective Devices, Humans, Male
@article{Rowson2014a,
title = {Response},
author = {Rowson, S and Duma, S M and Greenwald, R M and Beckwith, J G and Guskiewicz, K M and Crisco, J J and Wilcox, B J and McAllister, T W and Maerlender, A C and Broglio, S P and Schnebel, B and Brolinson, P G},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery},
volume = {121},
number = {2},
pages = {492--493},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Football/in [Injuries], *Head Protective Devices, Humans, Male},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Milne, G; Deck, C; Carreira, R P; Allinne, Q; Willinger, R
Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 15 Suppl 1, pp. 309–310, 2012.
BibTeX | Tags: *Bicycling, *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Equipment Design, Humans, RISK assessment
@article{Milne2012,
title = {Development and validation of a bicycle helmet: assessment of head injury risk under standard impact conditions},
author = {Milne, G and Deck, C and Carreira, R P and Allinne, Q and Willinger, R},
year = {2012},
date = {2012-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {15 Suppl 1},
pages = {309--310},
keywords = {*Bicycling, *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices, Craniocerebral Trauma/ep [Epidemiology], Equipment Design, Humans, RISK assessment},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Depreitere, B; Van Lierde, C; Vander Sloten, J; Van der Perre, G; Van Audekercke, R; Plets, C; Goffin, J
Lateral head impacts and protection of the temporal area by bicycle safety helmets Journal Article
In: Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection & Critical Care, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 1440–1445, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Bicycling, *HEAD injuries, *Head Protective Devices, *Skull Fractures, *Temporal Bone/in [Injuries], Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], Biomechanical Phenomena, Cadaver, Closed/pc [Prevention & Control], Humans
@article{Depreitere2007,
title = {Lateral head impacts and protection of the temporal area by bicycle safety helmets},
author = {Depreitere, B and {Van Lierde}, C and {Vander Sloten}, J and {Van der Perre}, G and {Van Audekercke}, R and Plets, C and Goffin, J},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Trauma-Injury Infection \& Critical Care},
volume = {62},
number = {6},
pages = {1440--1445},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The protective effectiveness of bicycle helmets has been demonstrated in several epidemiologic studies. However, the temple region is only minimally covered by most helmet models. Impact tests were performed on human cadavers to investigate whether current bicycle helmets are capable of preventing direct contact on the temporal area in side impacts. METHODS: Lateral head impacts, corresponding to a force load of 15,000 N on an nonhelmeted head, were applied on 11 helmeted cadavers by a steel pendulum with a flat impact surface, and the contact between the impactor plate and the temporal and zygomatic area was investigated by means of paint transfer. In eight tests, a common design bicycle helmet was used, whereas in three tests the helmets provided larger temporal coverage (temporal helmet edge \<10 mm above Frankfort plane). The skulls were inspected for fractures. RESULTS: In seven of the eight tests with common design bicycle helmets, contact had occurred and in one of these a skull fracture was seen. The helmets with a larger temporal coverage consistently prevented such contact loading. CONCLUSIONS: The common designs of commercially available bicycle helmets do not prevent direct contact loading on the temporal and zygomatic arch region and this contact loading is potentially harmful. The present preliminary study strongly questions the effectiveness of these helmets in providing accurate protection of the temporal and zygomatic area.},
keywords = {*Bicycling, *HEAD injuries, *Head Protective Devices, *Skull Fractures, *Temporal Bone/in [Injuries], Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], Biomechanical Phenomena, Cadaver, Closed/pc [Prevention \& Control], Humans},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Perry, C E; Buhrman, J R
Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations Journal Article
In: Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. P88–91, 1995.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Acceleration/ae [Adverse Effects], *Head Protective Devices, *Neck/ph [Physiology], Aircraft, Aviation, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer simulation, Equipment Design, Head Movements, Humans, Military personnel, Motion, Neck Injuries, SAFETY
@article{Perry1995,
title = {Effect of helmet inertial properties on head and neck response during +Gz impact accelerations},
author = {Perry, C E and Buhrman, J R},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Gravitational Physiology: a Journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {P88--91},
abstract = {The objective of the test program was to study the effect of parametric changes in helmet inertial properties on the biodynamic response of human volunteers subjected to +Gz impact accelerations. Test data was used to drive a computer model (DYNAMAN) to estimate the loads and torques in the neck during impact. Currently, only seven of eleven test cells with variations in the inertial properties of the helmet along the x-axis of the head have been analyzed. Preliminary data analysis indicates that the biodynamic response of the head under the tested conditions is slightly more sensitive to the moment of inertia of the helmet than its weight alone even though both variables showed a general trend for the head accelerations (linear and angular) to increase. It has been shown that the model can give good estimates of the compression loads in the neck, but that the torque estimates will be low, possibly by a factor of three. Further refinements of the neck joint parameters in the model will be required in order to increase the motion of the head segment during impact acceleration and will be done prior to completing the remaining test cell analysis. Finally, all the test data will be evaluated to determine if the current interim head criteria require modification.},
keywords = {*Acceleration/ae [Adverse Effects], *Head Protective Devices, *Neck/ph [Physiology], Aircraft, Aviation, Biomechanical Phenomena, Computer simulation, Equipment Design, Head Movements, Humans, Military personnel, Motion, Neck Injuries, SAFETY},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}