Bruce, Scott L; Stauffer, Sarah; Chaney, Andrew; Garrison, Kelsey
Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–4, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *COLLEGE athletes, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neurocognitive test batteries, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, reaction time, SAMPLING (Statistics), SEX distribution (Demography), STATISTICAL significance, T-test (Statistics), test- retest, test-retest
@article{Bruce2016,
title = {Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions},
author = {Bruce, Scott L and Stauffer, Sarah and Chaney, Andrew and Garrison, Kelsey},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--4},
abstract = {Neurocognitive test batteries are commonly used tools for concussion assessments in the medical professions. Administered at baseline and post-injury these tests provide information on a patient's neurocognitive ability during the recovery and return-to-activity phases. In athletics, student-athletes usually take the baseline exam as a group in a computer lab prior to the season beginning. If a medical professional believes an individual has sustained a possible concussion, they will retest them and compare their post-injury and baseline results. A deficit in one of more areas of the neurocognitive test may be indicative of a possible concussion. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not there was a difference in neurocognitive test scores from Concussion Vital Signs when tested under two different conditions: "lights out" and with distractions. Our study was a randomized control trial performed at a Midwestern NCAA, "mid-major" Division I Institution. The subjects were 15 college-aged students with an overall mean age of 19 years (...1.2). There were seven females (mean age was 19 ± 0.77) and eight males (mean age was 20 ± 1.2). A paired t-test was used to determine if a difference in the neurocognitive test section scores between the conditions existed. On three of the ten test sections, there was a statistically significant difference between the baseline and distraction condition. On four of the ten test sections between baseline and the lights out condition for males, but not for females. Testing should be done in a quiet room, with distractions minimized, as distraction hinders focus and performance. The results of this study indicate males may have a more difficult time concentrating while taking neurocognitive tests than females. Administering neurocognitive testing in a quiet, well-lit room is the best condition for the patient to take these concussion-related tests. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*COLLEGE athletes, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neurocognitive test batteries, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, reaction time, SAMPLING (Statistics), SEX distribution (Demography), STATISTICAL significance, T-test (Statistics), test- retest, test-retest},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hecimovicha, Mark; Kingb, Doug; Maraisc, Ida
Player and parent concussion knowledge and awareness in youth Australian Rules Football Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–19, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *ACADEMIC achievement, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *FIRST aid in illness & injury, *FOOTBALL injuries, *SLEEP disorders, *SPORTS participation, *SYMPTOMS, ADOLESCENCE, Australia, Australian Rules football, AWARENESS, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, HEALTH literacy, Parent, PARENTS -- Attitudes, PROBABILITY theory, Questionnaires, STATISTICAL significance, Treatment, Youth
@article{Hecimovicha2016,
title = {Player and parent concussion knowledge and awareness in youth Australian Rules Football},
author = {Hecimovicha, Mark and Kingb, Doug and Maraisc, Ida},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--19},
abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure concussion knowledge and awareness of youth Australian Rules Football players and parents. Secondary aims were examining if player's maturity in age, history of concussion and years played and parents who have undergone first aid and concussion training would increase knowledge. Methods: 1,441 parents and 284 youth ARF players completed a 23-item concussion knowledge survey consisting of three areas: concussion symptoms, management, and return-to-play criteria. Results: There was significant difference in knowledge of concussion management and return-to play criteria between players and parents (p= less than 0.01). Players age, years played and history of concussion did not increase knowledge, however, parents with concussion training had significantly higher scores than those without (p= less than 0.01). Some return-to-play criteria and signs and symptom not thought to be associated with concussion such as disturbed sleeping and difficulty studying were difficult for both groups to associate as related to concussion. Conclusions: Future concussion education opportunities for player and parents need to focus on return-to-play criteria and uncommon signs and symptoms such as sleep disturbances and problems studying. Applications in sport: The findings reflect certain areas that need to be incorporated into educational opportunities for players and parents, especially those who have limited access to qualified health care professionals such as ATC's. Although there is minimal evidence supporting concussion educational opportunities, awareness and knowledge of concussion is the greatest positive influence for symptom reporting among young athletes. However, the ideal delivery mode and educational content for interventions appropriate to each group has yet to be identified so steps such as defining the target group, measuring their level of awareness and knowledge, and monitoring of effectiveness. Overall, the goal should be to provide at least the basic information regarding concussion but as the results of this study demonstrate ensure lesser known aspects such as return-to-play criteria and signs and symptoms such as sleep disturbances and difficulty studying or concentrating are incorporated. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*ACADEMIC achievement, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *FIRST aid in illness \& injury, *FOOTBALL injuries, *SLEEP disorders, *SPORTS participation, *SYMPTOMS, ADOLESCENCE, Australia, Australian Rules football, AWARENESS, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, HEALTH literacy, Parent, PARENTS -- Attitudes, PROBABILITY theory, Questionnaires, STATISTICAL significance, Treatment, Youth},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Oeur, R A; Karton, C; Post, A; Rousseau, P; Hoshizaki, T B; Marshall, S; Brien, S E; Smith, A; Cusimano, M D; Gilchrist, M D
In: Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 415–422, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accident, Accident reconstruction, accidental injury, Accidents, Adolescent, adult, Article, Biomechanical Phenomena, Biomechanics, brain, brain concussion, brain stem, brain tissue, Cerebellum, clinical article, comparative study, Concussion, controlled study, Female, finite element analysis, Finite element modelling, gray matter, Hematoma, human, Humans, Hybrid iii headform, injury severity, laboratory test, Male, Mechanical, mechanical stress, middle aged, pathology, Pathophysiology, Persistent postconcussive symptoms, PHYSIOLOGY, Post Hoc Analysis, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, shear stress, simulation, SPORTS medicine, STATISTICAL significance, Stress, stress strain relationship, Subdural, subdural hematoma, traumatic brain injury, white matter, Young Adult
@article{Oeur2015,
title = {A comparison of head dynamic response and brain tissue stress and strain using accident reconstructions for concussion, concussion with persistent postconcussive symptoms, and subdural hematoma},
author = {Oeur, R A and Karton, C and Post, A and Rousseau, P and Hoshizaki, T B and Marshall, S and Brien, S E and Smith, A and Cusimano, M D and Gilchrist, M D},
doi = {10.3171/2014.10.JNS14440},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery},
volume = {123},
number = {2},
pages = {415--422},
abstract = {Object Concussions typically resolve within several days, but in a few cases the symptoms last for a month or longer and are termed persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS). These persisting symptoms may also be associated with more serious brain trauma similar to subdural hematoma (SDH). The objective of this study was to investigate the head dynamic and brain tissue responses of injury reconstructions resulting in concussion, PPCS, and SDH. Methods Reconstruction cases were obtained from sports medicine clinics and hospitals. All subjects received a direct blow to the head resulting in symptoms. Those symptoms that resolved in 9 days or fewer were defined as concussions (n = 3). Those with symptoms lasting longer than 18 months were defined as PPCS (n = 3), and 3 patients presented with SDHs (n = 3). A Hybrid III headform was used in reconstruction to obtain linear and rotational accelerations of the head. These dynamic response data were then input into the University College Dublin Brain Trauma Model to calculate maximum principal strain and von Mises stress. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Tukey post hoc tests were used to compare head dynamic and brain tissue responses between injury groups. Statistical significance was set at p \< 0.05. Results A significant difference was identified for peak resultant linear and rotational acceleration between injury groups. Post hoc analyses revealed the SDH group had higher linear and rotational acceleration responses (316 g and 23,181 rad/sec2, respectively) than the concussion group (149 g and 8111 rad/sec2, respectively; p \< 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups for either brain tissue measures of maximum principal strain or von Mises stress. Conclusions The reconstruction of accidents resulting in a concussion with transient symptoms (low severity) and SDHs revealed a positive relationship between an increase in head dynamic response and the risk for more serious brain injury. This type of relationship was not found for brain tissue stress and strain results derived by finite element analysis. Future research should be undertaken using a larger sample size to confirm these initial findings. Understanding the relationship between the head dynamic and brain tissue response and the nature of the injury provides important information for developing strategies for injury prevention. © AANS, 2015.},
keywords = {accident, Accident reconstruction, accidental injury, Accidents, Adolescent, adult, Article, Biomechanical Phenomena, Biomechanics, brain, brain concussion, brain stem, brain tissue, Cerebellum, clinical article, comparative study, Concussion, controlled study, Female, finite element analysis, Finite element modelling, gray matter, Hematoma, human, Humans, Hybrid iii headform, injury severity, laboratory test, Male, Mechanical, mechanical stress, middle aged, pathology, Pathophysiology, Persistent postconcussive symptoms, PHYSIOLOGY, Post Hoc Analysis, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, shear stress, simulation, SPORTS medicine, STATISTICAL significance, Stress, stress strain relationship, Subdural, subdural hematoma, traumatic brain injury, white matter, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bruce, Scott L; Stauffer, Sarah; Chaney, Andrew; Garrison, Kelsey
Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–4, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
@article{Bruce2016,
title = {Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions},
author = {Bruce, Scott L and Stauffer, Sarah and Chaney, Andrew and Garrison, Kelsey},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--4},
abstract = {Neurocognitive test batteries are commonly used tools for concussion assessments in the medical professions. Administered at baseline and post-injury these tests provide information on a patient's neurocognitive ability during the recovery and return-to-activity phases. In athletics, student-athletes usually take the baseline exam as a group in a computer lab prior to the season beginning. If a medical professional believes an individual has sustained a possible concussion, they will retest them and compare their post-injury and baseline results. A deficit in one of more areas of the neurocognitive test may be indicative of a possible concussion. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not there was a difference in neurocognitive test scores from Concussion Vital Signs when tested under two different conditions: "lights out" and with distractions. Our study was a randomized control trial performed at a Midwestern NCAA, "mid-major" Division I Institution. The subjects were 15 college-aged students with an overall mean age of 19 years (...1.2). There were seven females (mean age was 19 ± 0.77) and eight males (mean age was 20 ± 1.2). A paired t-test was used to determine if a difference in the neurocognitive test section scores between the conditions existed. On three of the ten test sections, there was a statistically significant difference between the baseline and distraction condition. On four of the ten test sections between baseline and the lights out condition for males, but not for females. Testing should be done in a quiet room, with distractions minimized, as distraction hinders focus and performance. The results of this study indicate males may have a more difficult time concentrating while taking neurocognitive tests than females. Administering neurocognitive testing in a quiet, well-lit room is the best condition for the patient to take these concussion-related tests. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hecimovicha, Mark; Kingb, Doug; Maraisc, Ida
Player and parent concussion knowledge and awareness in youth Australian Rules Football Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–19, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
@article{Hecimovicha2016,
title = {Player and parent concussion knowledge and awareness in youth Australian Rules Football},
author = {Hecimovicha, Mark and Kingb, Doug and Maraisc, Ida},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--19},
abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure concussion knowledge and awareness of youth Australian Rules Football players and parents. Secondary aims were examining if player's maturity in age, history of concussion and years played and parents who have undergone first aid and concussion training would increase knowledge. Methods: 1,441 parents and 284 youth ARF players completed a 23-item concussion knowledge survey consisting of three areas: concussion symptoms, management, and return-to-play criteria. Results: There was significant difference in knowledge of concussion management and return-to play criteria between players and parents (p= less than 0.01). Players age, years played and history of concussion did not increase knowledge, however, parents with concussion training had significantly higher scores than those without (p= less than 0.01). Some return-to-play criteria and signs and symptom not thought to be associated with concussion such as disturbed sleeping and difficulty studying were difficult for both groups to associate as related to concussion. Conclusions: Future concussion education opportunities for player and parents need to focus on return-to-play criteria and uncommon signs and symptoms such as sleep disturbances and problems studying. Applications in sport: The findings reflect certain areas that need to be incorporated into educational opportunities for players and parents, especially those who have limited access to qualified health care professionals such as ATC's. Although there is minimal evidence supporting concussion educational opportunities, awareness and knowledge of concussion is the greatest positive influence for symptom reporting among young athletes. However, the ideal delivery mode and educational content for interventions appropriate to each group has yet to be identified so steps such as defining the target group, measuring their level of awareness and knowledge, and monitoring of effectiveness. Overall, the goal should be to provide at least the basic information regarding concussion but as the results of this study demonstrate ensure lesser known aspects such as return-to-play criteria and signs and symptoms such as sleep disturbances and difficulty studying or concentrating are incorporated. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Oeur, R A; Karton, C; Post, A; Rousseau, P; Hoshizaki, T B; Marshall, S; Brien, S E; Smith, A; Cusimano, M D; Gilchrist, M D
In: Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 415–422, 2015.
@article{Oeur2015,
title = {A comparison of head dynamic response and brain tissue stress and strain using accident reconstructions for concussion, concussion with persistent postconcussive symptoms, and subdural hematoma},
author = {Oeur, R A and Karton, C and Post, A and Rousseau, P and Hoshizaki, T B and Marshall, S and Brien, S E and Smith, A and Cusimano, M D and Gilchrist, M D},
doi = {10.3171/2014.10.JNS14440},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery},
volume = {123},
number = {2},
pages = {415--422},
abstract = {Object Concussions typically resolve within several days, but in a few cases the symptoms last for a month or longer and are termed persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS). These persisting symptoms may also be associated with more serious brain trauma similar to subdural hematoma (SDH). The objective of this study was to investigate the head dynamic and brain tissue responses of injury reconstructions resulting in concussion, PPCS, and SDH. Methods Reconstruction cases were obtained from sports medicine clinics and hospitals. All subjects received a direct blow to the head resulting in symptoms. Those symptoms that resolved in 9 days or fewer were defined as concussions (n = 3). Those with symptoms lasting longer than 18 months were defined as PPCS (n = 3), and 3 patients presented with SDHs (n = 3). A Hybrid III headform was used in reconstruction to obtain linear and rotational accelerations of the head. These dynamic response data were then input into the University College Dublin Brain Trauma Model to calculate maximum principal strain and von Mises stress. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Tukey post hoc tests were used to compare head dynamic and brain tissue responses between injury groups. Statistical significance was set at p \< 0.05. Results A significant difference was identified for peak resultant linear and rotational acceleration between injury groups. Post hoc analyses revealed the SDH group had higher linear and rotational acceleration responses (316 g and 23,181 rad/sec2, respectively) than the concussion group (149 g and 8111 rad/sec2, respectively; p \< 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups for either brain tissue measures of maximum principal strain or von Mises stress. Conclusions The reconstruction of accidents resulting in a concussion with transient symptoms (low severity) and SDHs revealed a positive relationship between an increase in head dynamic response and the risk for more serious brain injury. This type of relationship was not found for brain tissue stress and strain results derived by finite element analysis. Future research should be undertaken using a larger sample size to confirm these initial findings. Understanding the relationship between the head dynamic and brain tissue response and the nature of the injury provides important information for developing strategies for injury prevention. © AANS, 2015.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bruce, Scott L; Stauffer, Sarah; Chaney, Andrew; Garrison, Kelsey
Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–4, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *COLLEGE athletes, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neurocognitive test batteries, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, reaction time, SAMPLING (Statistics), SEX distribution (Demography), STATISTICAL significance, T-test (Statistics), test- retest, test-retest
@article{Bruce2016,
title = {Taking Concussion Vital Signs Neurocognitive Test Under Varied Conditions},
author = {Bruce, Scott L and Stauffer, Sarah and Chaney, Andrew and Garrison, Kelsey},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--4},
abstract = {Neurocognitive test batteries are commonly used tools for concussion assessments in the medical professions. Administered at baseline and post-injury these tests provide information on a patient's neurocognitive ability during the recovery and return-to-activity phases. In athletics, student-athletes usually take the baseline exam as a group in a computer lab prior to the season beginning. If a medical professional believes an individual has sustained a possible concussion, they will retest them and compare their post-injury and baseline results. A deficit in one of more areas of the neurocognitive test may be indicative of a possible concussion. The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not there was a difference in neurocognitive test scores from Concussion Vital Signs when tested under two different conditions: "lights out" and with distractions. Our study was a randomized control trial performed at a Midwestern NCAA, "mid-major" Division I Institution. The subjects were 15 college-aged students with an overall mean age of 19 years (...1.2). There were seven females (mean age was 19 ± 0.77) and eight males (mean age was 20 ± 1.2). A paired t-test was used to determine if a difference in the neurocognitive test section scores between the conditions existed. On three of the ten test sections, there was a statistically significant difference between the baseline and distraction condition. On four of the ten test sections between baseline and the lights out condition for males, but not for females. Testing should be done in a quiet room, with distractions minimized, as distraction hinders focus and performance. The results of this study indicate males may have a more difficult time concentrating while taking neurocognitive tests than females. Administering neurocognitive testing in a quiet, well-lit room is the best condition for the patient to take these concussion-related tests. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*COLLEGE athletes, Clinical Trials, COGNITIVE testing, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Neurocognitive test batteries, Neuropsychological Tests, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, reaction time, SAMPLING (Statistics), SEX distribution (Demography), STATISTICAL significance, T-test (Statistics), test- retest, test-retest},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hecimovicha, Mark; Kingb, Doug; Maraisc, Ida
Player and parent concussion knowledge and awareness in youth Australian Rules Football Journal Article
In: Sport Journal, pp. 1–19, 2016, ISBN: 15439518.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *ACADEMIC achievement, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *FIRST aid in illness & injury, *FOOTBALL injuries, *SLEEP disorders, *SPORTS participation, *SYMPTOMS, ADOLESCENCE, Australia, Australian Rules football, AWARENESS, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, HEALTH literacy, Parent, PARENTS -- Attitudes, PROBABILITY theory, Questionnaires, STATISTICAL significance, Treatment, Youth
@article{Hecimovicha2016,
title = {Player and parent concussion knowledge and awareness in youth Australian Rules Football},
author = {Hecimovicha, Mark and Kingb, Doug and Maraisc, Ida},
isbn = {15439518},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Sport Journal},
pages = {1--19},
abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure concussion knowledge and awareness of youth Australian Rules Football players and parents. Secondary aims were examining if player's maturity in age, history of concussion and years played and parents who have undergone first aid and concussion training would increase knowledge. Methods: 1,441 parents and 284 youth ARF players completed a 23-item concussion knowledge survey consisting of three areas: concussion symptoms, management, and return-to-play criteria. Results: There was significant difference in knowledge of concussion management and return-to play criteria between players and parents (p= less than 0.01). Players age, years played and history of concussion did not increase knowledge, however, parents with concussion training had significantly higher scores than those without (p= less than 0.01). Some return-to-play criteria and signs and symptom not thought to be associated with concussion such as disturbed sleeping and difficulty studying were difficult for both groups to associate as related to concussion. Conclusions: Future concussion education opportunities for player and parents need to focus on return-to-play criteria and uncommon signs and symptoms such as sleep disturbances and problems studying. Applications in sport: The findings reflect certain areas that need to be incorporated into educational opportunities for players and parents, especially those who have limited access to qualified health care professionals such as ATC's. Although there is minimal evidence supporting concussion educational opportunities, awareness and knowledge of concussion is the greatest positive influence for symptom reporting among young athletes. However, the ideal delivery mode and educational content for interventions appropriate to each group has yet to be identified so steps such as defining the target group, measuring their level of awareness and knowledge, and monitoring of effectiveness. Overall, the goal should be to provide at least the basic information regarding concussion but as the results of this study demonstrate ensure lesser known aspects such as return-to-play criteria and signs and symptoms such as sleep disturbances and difficulty studying or concentrating are incorporated. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},
keywords = {*ACADEMIC achievement, *BRAIN -- Concussion, *FIRST aid in illness \& injury, *FOOTBALL injuries, *SLEEP disorders, *SPORTS participation, *SYMPTOMS, ADOLESCENCE, Australia, Australian Rules football, AWARENESS, Concussion, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, HEALTH literacy, Parent, PARENTS -- Attitudes, PROBABILITY theory, Questionnaires, STATISTICAL significance, Treatment, Youth},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Oeur, R A; Karton, C; Post, A; Rousseau, P; Hoshizaki, T B; Marshall, S; Brien, S E; Smith, A; Cusimano, M D; Gilchrist, M D
In: Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 123, no. 2, pp. 415–422, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accident, Accident reconstruction, accidental injury, Accidents, Adolescent, adult, Article, Biomechanical Phenomena, Biomechanics, brain, brain concussion, brain stem, brain tissue, Cerebellum, clinical article, comparative study, Concussion, controlled study, Female, finite element analysis, Finite element modelling, gray matter, Hematoma, human, Humans, Hybrid iii headform, injury severity, laboratory test, Male, Mechanical, mechanical stress, middle aged, pathology, Pathophysiology, Persistent postconcussive symptoms, PHYSIOLOGY, Post Hoc Analysis, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, shear stress, simulation, SPORTS medicine, STATISTICAL significance, Stress, stress strain relationship, Subdural, subdural hematoma, traumatic brain injury, white matter, Young Adult
@article{Oeur2015,
title = {A comparison of head dynamic response and brain tissue stress and strain using accident reconstructions for concussion, concussion with persistent postconcussive symptoms, and subdural hematoma},
author = {Oeur, R A and Karton, C and Post, A and Rousseau, P and Hoshizaki, T B and Marshall, S and Brien, S E and Smith, A and Cusimano, M D and Gilchrist, M D},
doi = {10.3171/2014.10.JNS14440},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery},
volume = {123},
number = {2},
pages = {415--422},
abstract = {Object Concussions typically resolve within several days, but in a few cases the symptoms last for a month or longer and are termed persistent postconcussive symptoms (PPCS). These persisting symptoms may also be associated with more serious brain trauma similar to subdural hematoma (SDH). The objective of this study was to investigate the head dynamic and brain tissue responses of injury reconstructions resulting in concussion, PPCS, and SDH. Methods Reconstruction cases were obtained from sports medicine clinics and hospitals. All subjects received a direct blow to the head resulting in symptoms. Those symptoms that resolved in 9 days or fewer were defined as concussions (n = 3). Those with symptoms lasting longer than 18 months were defined as PPCS (n = 3), and 3 patients presented with SDHs (n = 3). A Hybrid III headform was used in reconstruction to obtain linear and rotational accelerations of the head. These dynamic response data were then input into the University College Dublin Brain Trauma Model to calculate maximum principal strain and von Mises stress. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Tukey post hoc tests were used to compare head dynamic and brain tissue responses between injury groups. Statistical significance was set at p \< 0.05. Results A significant difference was identified for peak resultant linear and rotational acceleration between injury groups. Post hoc analyses revealed the SDH group had higher linear and rotational acceleration responses (316 g and 23,181 rad/sec2, respectively) than the concussion group (149 g and 8111 rad/sec2, respectively; p \< 0.05). No significant differences were found between groups for either brain tissue measures of maximum principal strain or von Mises stress. Conclusions The reconstruction of accidents resulting in a concussion with transient symptoms (low severity) and SDHs revealed a positive relationship between an increase in head dynamic response and the risk for more serious brain injury. This type of relationship was not found for brain tissue stress and strain results derived by finite element analysis. Future research should be undertaken using a larger sample size to confirm these initial findings. Understanding the relationship between the head dynamic and brain tissue response and the nature of the injury provides important information for developing strategies for injury prevention. © AANS, 2015.},
keywords = {accident, Accident reconstruction, accidental injury, Accidents, Adolescent, adult, Article, Biomechanical Phenomena, Biomechanics, brain, brain concussion, brain stem, brain tissue, Cerebellum, clinical article, comparative study, Concussion, controlled study, Female, finite element analysis, Finite element modelling, gray matter, Hematoma, human, Humans, Hybrid iii headform, injury severity, laboratory test, Male, Mechanical, mechanical stress, middle aged, pathology, Pathophysiology, Persistent postconcussive symptoms, PHYSIOLOGY, Post Hoc Analysis, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, shear stress, simulation, SPORTS medicine, STATISTICAL significance, Stress, stress strain relationship, Subdural, subdural hematoma, traumatic brain injury, white matter, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}