References

2017

Bailly, N; Afquir, S; Laporte, J D; Melot, A; Savary, D; Seigneuret, E; Delay, J B; Donnadieu, T; Masson, C; Arnoux, P J

Analysis of Injury Mechanisms in Head Injuries in Skiers and Snowboarders Journal Article

In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2017.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, head injury, Helmet, SKI, snowboard

@article{Bailly2017,

title = {Analysis of Injury Mechanisms in Head Injuries in Skiers and Snowboarders},

author = {Bailly, N and Afquir, S and Laporte, J D and Melot, A and Savary, D and Seigneuret, E and Delay, J B and Donnadieu, T and Masson, C and Arnoux, P J},

doi = {10.1249/MSS.0000000000001078},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},

volume = {49},

number = {1},

pages = {1--10},

abstract = {Purpose Mechanisms of injury and description of head impacts leading to traumatic brain injury (TBI) in skiers and snowboarders have not been extensively documented. We investigate snow sport crashes leading to TBI 1) to identify typical mechanisms leading to TBI to better target prevention measures and 2) to identify the injury mechanisms and the head impact conditions. Methods The subjects were skiers and snowboarders diagnosed of TBI and admitted between 2013 and 2015 to one of the 15 medical offices and three hospital centers involved in the study. The survey includes the description of the patients (age, sex, practice, skill level, and helmet use), the crash (type, location, estimated speed, causes, and fall description), and the injuries sustained (symptoms, head trauma scores, and other injuries). Sketches were used to describe the crash and impact locations. Clustering methods were used to distinguish profiles of injured participants. Results A total of 295 skiers and 71 snowboarders were interviewed. The most frequent type of mechanism was falls (54%), followed by collision between users (18%) and jumps (15%). Collision with obstacle (13%) caused the most serious TBI. Three categories of patients were identified. First, men age 16-25 yr are more involved in crash at high speed or in connection with a jump. Second, women, children (\<16 yr), and beginners are particularly injured in collisions between users. Third, those older than 50 yr, usually nonhelmeted, are frequently involved in falls. Ten crash scenarios were identified. Falling head first is the most frequent of skiers' falls (28%). Conclusion Crash scenarios leading to TBI were identified and associated with profiles of injured participants. Those results should help to better target TBI prevention and protection campaigns. © 2016 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},

keywords = {Concussion, head injury, Helmet, SKI, snowboard},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Zusman, E E; Zopfi, P; Kuluva, J; Zuckerman, S

Can Ideas From United States Youth Sports Reduce Judo-Related Head Injuries in Japan? Journal Article

In: World Neurosurgery, vol. 97, pp. 725–727, 2017.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, head injury, judo, Secondary impact syndrome, Soccer, traumatic brain injury, Youth sports

Collins, M W; Womble, M N

American pediatric surgical association journal of pediatric surgery lecture Journal Article

In: Journal of Pediatric Surgery, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 16–21, 2017.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, head injury, migraine, Ocular, Risk Factors, vestibular

2016

Keays, G; Friedman, D; Gagnon, I

A 20-Year Comparison of Football-Related Injuries in American and Canadian Youth Aged 6 to 17 Years: A replication study Journal Article

In: Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 603–613, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, American, Article, CANADA, Canadian, Child, children, Concussion, dislocation, emergency care, Female, football, head injury, human, Injuries, major clinical study, Male, replication study, retrospective study, skull fracture, spine fracture, sport injury, Sports, sprain, traumatic brain injury, UNITED States

Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S

Considerations for the performance requirements and technical specifications of soft-shell padded headgear Journal Article

In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, vol. 230, no. 1, pp. 29–42, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Australian football, Biomechanics, Concussion, Design, Head Injuries, head injury, headgear, Injury prevention, protective equipment, rugby, Sports

Stieg, P E; Perrine, K

Helmet Use and Traumatic Brain Injury in Snowboarding Journal Article

In: World Neurosurgery, vol. 86, pp. 65–68, 2016.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: brain hemorrhage, Concussion, disability, emergency ward, Female, head injury, Head Protective Devices, Helmet, human, Humans, Injuries, Male, Morbidity, MORTALITY, Neuroprotection, Review, skiing, skull fracture, Snowboarding, Traumatic, traumatic brain injury, UNITED States, winter sport

Kania, K; Shaikh, K A; White, I K; Ackerman, L L

Follow-up issues in children with mild traumatic brain injuries Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 224–230, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Acute Concussion Evaluation, Concussion, head injury, Patient Outcome Assessment, Trauma, traumatic brain injury

@article{Kania2016,

title = {Follow-up issues in children with mild traumatic brain injuries},

author = {Kania, K and Shaikh, K A and White, I K and Ackerman, L L},

doi = {10.3171/2016.1.PEDS15511},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics},

volume = {18},

number = {2},

pages = {224--230},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Concerns about mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have increased in recent years, and neurosurgical consultation is often requested for patients with radiographic abnormalities or clinical findings suspicious for mTBI. However, to the authors' knowledge, no study has used the Acute Concussion Evaluation (ACE) tool to systematically evaluate the evolution of symptoms in patients with mTBI during neurosurgical follow-up. The goal in this study was to evaluate symptom progression in pediatric patients referred for neurosurgical consultation by using the ACE, as endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of records of consecutive pediatric patients who had presented to the emergency department, were diagnosed with possible mTBI, and were referred for neurosurgical consultation. Outpatient follow-up for these patients included serial assessment using the ACE. Data collected included the mechanisms of the patients' injuries, symptoms, follow-up duration, and premorbid conditions that might potentially contribute to protracted recovery. RESULTS: Of 91 patients identified with mTBI, 58 met the inclusion criteria, and 33 of these had sufficient follow-up data to be included in the study. Mechanisms of injury included sports injury (15 patients), isolated falls (10), and motor vehicle collisions (8). Ages ranged from 5 to 17 years (mean age 11.6 years), and 29 of the 33 patients were male. Six patients had preinjury developmental and/or psychiatric diagnoses such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Seventeen had negative findings on head CT scans. The first follow-up evaluation occurred at a mean of 30 days after injury. The mean number of symptoms reported on the ACE inventory at first follow-up were 3.2; 12 patients were symptom free. Patients with positive head CT findings required longer follow-up: these patients needed 14.59 weeks, versus 7.87 weeks of follow-up in patients with negative findings on head CT scans (p \< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that patients with mTBI, particularly those with developmental and/or psychiatric comorbidities and concurrent cerebral or extracranial injury, often report symptoms for several weeks after their initial injury. Serial ACE assessment permits systematic identification of patients who are experiencing continued symptoms, leading to appropriate patient management and referral. ©AANS, 2016.},

keywords = {Acute Concussion Evaluation, Concussion, head injury, Patient Outcome Assessment, Trauma, traumatic brain injury},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

OBJECTIVE: Concerns about mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have increased in recent years, and neurosurgical consultation is often requested for patients with radiographic abnormalities or clinical findings suspicious for mTBI. However, to the authors' knowledge, no study has used the Acute Concussion Evaluation (ACE) tool to systematically evaluate the evolution of symptoms in patients with mTBI during neurosurgical follow-up. The goal in this study was to evaluate symptom progression in pediatric patients referred for neurosurgical consultation by using the ACE, as endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of records of consecutive pediatric patients who had presented to the emergency department, were diagnosed with possible mTBI, and were referred for neurosurgical consultation. Outpatient follow-up for these patients included serial assessment using the ACE. Data collected included the mechanisms of the patients' injuries, symptoms, follow-up duration, and premorbid conditions that might potentially contribute to protracted recovery. RESULTS: Of 91 patients identified with mTBI, 58 met the inclusion criteria, and 33 of these had sufficient follow-up data to be included in the study. Mechanisms of injury included sports injury (15 patients), isolated falls (10), and motor vehicle collisions (8). Ages ranged from 5 to 17 years (mean age 11.6 years), and 29 of the 33 patients were male. Six patients had preinjury developmental and/or psychiatric diagnoses such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Seventeen had negative findings on head CT scans. The first follow-up evaluation occurred at a mean of 30 days after injury. The mean number of symptoms reported on the ACE inventory at first follow-up were 3.2; 12 patients were symptom free. Patients with positive head CT findings required longer follow-up: these patients needed 14.59 weeks, versus 7.87 weeks of follow-up in patients with negative findings on head CT scans (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that patients with mTBI, particularly those with developmental and/or psychiatric comorbidities and concurrent cerebral or extracranial injury, often report symptoms for several weeks after their initial injury. Serial ACE assessment permits systematic identification of patients who are experiencing continued symptoms, leading to appropriate patient management and referral. ©AANS, 2016.

Brett, Benjamin L; Smyk, Nathan; Solomon, Gary; Baughman, Brandon C; Schatz, Philip

Long-term Stability and Reliability of Baseline Cognitive Assessments in High School Athletes Using ImPACT at 1-, 2-, and 3-year Test-Retest Intervals Journal Article

In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 904–914, 2016, ISBN: 08876177.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: assessment, Childhood brain insult, Cognitive Ability, COGNITIVE testing, head injury, HIGH school athletes, Intraclass correlation, Norms/normative studies, Practice effects/reliable change, psychology, STATISTICAL reliability, Test construction, traumatic brain injury

@article{Brett2016,

title = {Long-term Stability and Reliability of Baseline Cognitive Assessments in High School Athletes Using ImPACT at 1-, 2-, and 3-year Test-Retest Intervals},

author = {Brett, Benjamin L and Smyk, Nathan and Solomon, Gary and Baughman, Brandon C and Schatz, Philip},

doi = {10.1093/arclin/acw055},

isbn = {08876177},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},

volume = {31},

number = {8},

pages = {904--914},

abstract = {Objective: The ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) neurocognitive testing battery is a widely used tool used for the assessment and management of sports-related concussion. Research on the stability of ImPACT in high school athletes at a 1- and 2-year intervals have been inconsistent, requiring further investigation. We documented 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest reliability of repeated ImPACT baseline assessments in a sample of high school athletes, using multiple statistical methods for examining stability. Methods: A total of 1,510 high school athletes completed baseline cognitive testing using online ImPACT test battery at three time periods of approximately 1- (N = 250), 2- (N = 1146), and 3-year (N = 114) intervals. No participant sustained a concussion between assessments. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged in composite scores from 0.36 to 0.90 and showed little change as intervals between assessments increased. Reliable change indices and regression-based measures (RBMs) examining the test-retest stability demonstrated a lack of significant change in composite scores across the various time intervals, with very few cases (0%-6%) falling outside of 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: The results suggest ImPACT composites scores remain considerably stability across 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest intervals in high school athletes, when considering both ICCs and RBM. Annually ascertaining baseline scores continues to be optimal for ensuring accurate and individualized management of injury for concussed athletes. For instances in which more recent baselines are not available (1-2 years), clinicians should seek to utilize more conservative range estimates in determining the presence of clinically meaningful change in cognitive performance.},

keywords = {assessment, Childhood brain insult, Cognitive Ability, COGNITIVE testing, head injury, HIGH school athletes, Intraclass correlation, Norms/normative studies, Practice effects/reliable change, psychology, STATISTICAL reliability, Test construction, traumatic brain injury},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

O'Sullivan, D; Fife, G P; Pieter, W; Lim, T; Shin, I

Resultant linear acceleration of an instrumented head form does not differ between junior and collegiate taekwondo athletes' kicks Journal Article

In: Journal of Sport and Health Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 226–230, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accelerometer, Adolescent, age distribution, analytical parameters, Article, athlete, Biomechanics, body mass, Concussion, controlled study, head injury, high school student, human, injury, Male, Martial Arts, middle school student, priority journal, resultant linear acceleration, taekwondo, university student

Keener, A B

Tackling the brain: Clues emerge about the pathology of sports-related brain trauma Journal Article

In: Nature Medicine, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 326–329, 2016.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: amnesia, Article, astrocyte, athlete, Athletic Injuries, behavior change, blood vessel injury, brain, Brain Injuries, Brain Injury, cognitive defect, Concussion, confusion, degenerative disease, Epilepsy, head injury, headache, hearing impairment, human, Humans, Neck pain, nerve cell, nervous system inflammation, neurofibrillary tangle, nonhuman, Pathophysiology, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, sport injury, traumatic brain injury, unsteadiness, Vision, wrestling

Leddy, J J; Baker, J G; Willer, B

Active Rehabilitation of Concussion and Post-concussion Syndrome Journal Article

In: Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 437–454, 2016.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Active, aerobic exercise, athlete, autonomic dysfunction, brain blood flow, Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test, cognition, cognitive behavioral therapy, Cognitive rehabilitation, Concussion, DISEASE exacerbation, disease severity, exercise tolerance, functional assessment, functional magnetic resonance imaging, head injury, human, motor dysfunction, nerve cell plasticity, nonhuman, ocular motor dysfunction, ocular therapy, oculomotor training therapy, Pathophysiology, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, Physical Examination, PHYSIOLOGY, physiotherapy, post concussion syndrome, Post-Concussion Syndrome, priority journal, Psychoeducation, psychologic assessment, Rehabilitation, rehabilitation care, rest, Review, Social behavior, social psychology, sport related concussion, traumatic brain injury, Treatment, treatment contraindication, vestibular disorder, Vestibular therapy

Ojo, J O; Mouzon, B C; Crawford, F

Repetitive head trauma, chronic traumatic encephalopathy and tau: Challenges in translating from mice to men Journal Article

In: Experimental Neurology, vol. 275, pp. 389–404, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: amyloid beta protein, animal, Animal models, Animals, Astroglial tangles, Brain Injury, cell activation, Chronic, complication, Concussion, Craniocerebral Trauma, CTE, diffuse axonal injury, disease duration, disease model, Disease Models, genetic predisposition, gliosis, head injury, hippocampus, human, Humans, lifestyle modification, lithium, metabolism, Mice, microglia, minocycline, mouse, nervous system inflammation, Neurobehaviour, Neurofibrillary tangles, neuropathology, nonhuman, pathogenesis, pathology, priority journal, procedures, protein aggregation, protein analysis, protein blood level, protein cleavage, Repetitive TBI, Review, sex difference, stress activated protein kinase inhibitor, Systematic Review, Tau, tau protein, tau Proteins, Transgenic mice, Translational Medical Research, translational research, traumatic brain injury, trends

@article{Ojo2016,

title = {Repetitive head trauma, chronic traumatic encephalopathy and tau: Challenges in translating from mice to men},

author = {Ojo, J O and Mouzon, B C and Crawford, F},

doi = {10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.06.003},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Experimental Neurology},

volume = {275},

pages = {389--404},

abstract = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurological and psychiatric condition marked by preferential perivascular foci of neurofibrillary and glial tangles (composed of hyperphosphorylated-tau proteins) in the depths of the sulci. Recent retrospective case series published over the last decade on athletes and military personnel have added considerably to our clinical and histopathological knowledge of CTE. This has marked a vital turning point in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) field, raising public awareness of the potential long-term effects of mild and moderate repetitive TBI, which has been recognized as one of the major risk factors associated with CTE. Although these human studies have been informative, their retrospective design carries certain inherent limitations that should be cautiously interpreted. In particular, the current overriding issue in the CTE literature remains confusing in regard to appropriate definitions of terminology, variability in individual pathologies and the potential case selection bias in autopsy based studies. There are currently no epidemiological or prospective studies on CTE. Controlled preclinical studies in animals therefore provide an alternative means for specifically interrogating aspects of CTE pathogenesis. In this article, we review the current literature and discuss difficulties and challenges of developing in-vivo TBI experimental paradigms to explore the link between repetitive head trauma and tau-dependent changes. We provide our current opinion list of recommended features to consider for successfully modeling CTE in animals to better understand the pathobiology and develop therapeutics and diagnostics, and critical factors, which might influence outcome. We finally discuss the possible directions of future experimental research in the repetitive TBI/CTE field. © 2015 Elsevier Inc..},

keywords = {amyloid beta protein, animal, Animal models, Animals, Astroglial tangles, Brain Injury, cell activation, Chronic, complication, Concussion, Craniocerebral Trauma, CTE, diffuse axonal injury, disease duration, disease model, Disease Models, genetic predisposition, gliosis, head injury, hippocampus, human, Humans, lifestyle modification, lithium, metabolism, Mice, microglia, minocycline, mouse, nervous system inflammation, Neurobehaviour, Neurofibrillary tangles, neuropathology, nonhuman, pathogenesis, pathology, priority journal, procedures, protein aggregation, protein analysis, protein blood level, protein cleavage, Repetitive TBI, Review, sex difference, stress activated protein kinase inhibitor, Systematic Review, Tau, tau protein, tau Proteins, Transgenic mice, Translational Medical Research, translational research, traumatic brain injury, trends},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Malloch-Brown, K; Mc Fie, S; Brown, J; Viljoen, W; Readhead, C

Concussion return-to-play behaviour of South African Rugby Union (SA Rugby) Youth Week players: a pilot study Journal Article

In: South African Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 43–45, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: behavior, CONCUSSION policies, football, head injury, Injury management, Medical clearance, Rugby football players, SOUTH Africa, Youth

Beiske, K K; Kostov, K H; Kostov, H

Rhythmic midtemporal discharge in a youth during light sleep Journal Article

In: Neurodiagnostic Journal, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 32–36, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, Article, Automobile Driving, Benign EEG pattern, car driving, case report, case reports, complication, computer assisted tomography, Concussion, Craniocerebral Trauma, drowsiness, EEG pattern, electroencephalogram, Electroencephalography, Epilepsy, epileptic discharge, febrile convulsion, football, Functional Laterality, head injury, hemispheric dominance, human, Humans, hyperventilation, Injuries, Light sleep, Male, neuroimaging, neurologic examination, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Pathophysiology, Patient treatment, Rhythmic midtemporal discharge, RMTD, SLEEP, Sleep research, spike wave, temporal lobe, temporal lobe epilepsy, theta rhythm, tonic clonic seizure, unconsciousness, wakefulness

Jae-Ok, K; Voaklander, D

Effects of Competition Rule Changes on the Incidence of Head Kicks and Possible Concussions in Taekwondo Journal Article

In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 239–244, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, head injury, rule change, taekwondo

@article{Jae-Ok2016,

title = {Effects of Competition Rule Changes on the Incidence of Head Kicks and Possible Concussions in Taekwondo},

author = {Jae-Ok, K and Voaklander, D},

doi = {10.1097/JSM.0000000000000244},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},

volume = {26},

number = {3},

pages = {239--244},

abstract = {Objective: Competition rules related to head kicks (HKs) in sparing-taekwondo (S-TKD) were changed in 2009, resulting in more points awarded to the head attacker. The objective of this research is to measure the incidence of HKs and to analyze the characteristics of situations leading up to and after HKs in a postrule change competition. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study using video analysis. Setting: The final matches of the World Taekwondo Championships (WTCs) in 2011 and 2013. Participants: A total of 1760 athletes participated in both WTCs. Sixty-four athletes, who had won elimination-round matches and were 15 years or older, competed in final matches. Main Outcome Measures: The final matches - a total of 64 matches including 95 rounds - were analyzed using an anatomical and outcome coding scheme for HKs. Results: Overall, a total of 30 athletes experienced receiving one or more HKs during 2 WTCs (469 HKs per 1000 athlete-exposures (A-E), 95% confidence interval = 296, 642). Female athletes showed higher incidences of HKs than male. A trend of increasing incidence of HKs was observed in the females. The HKs occurred more frequently among competitors in lightweight categories and those of similar height (49%). Conclusions: Overall, the frequency of HKs seems to have increased compared with matches before 2009. A sharp increase in the numbers of HKs is evident among the elite female athletes. To prevent receiving an HK, updated game strategies such as training for blocking skills, and safety guidelines for HKs, or revisions to rules are needed. Clinical Relevance: The recent changes to competition rules promoting the use of HKs may have resulted in an increasing frequency of HKs compared with research findings before these changes. Multiple HKs occur frequently in S-TKD; care needs to be taken to avoid possible acute/chronic consequences. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {Concussion, head injury, rule change, taekwondo},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Tripathi, M; Shukla, D P; Bhat, D I; Bhagavatula, I D; Mishra, T

Craniofacial injuries in professional cricket: No more a red herring Journal Article

In: Neurosurgical Focus, vol. 40, no. 4, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Ball, Batsman, Concussion, Cricket, head injury, Helmet, Protective gears

@article{Tripathi2016,

title = {Craniofacial injuries in professional cricket: No more a red herring},

author = {Tripathi, M and Shukla, D P and Bhat, D I and Bhagavatula, I D and Mishra, T},

doi = {10.3171/2016.2.FOCUS15341},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Neurosurgical Focus},

volume = {40},

number = {4},

abstract = {The issue of head injury in a noncontact sport like cricket is a matter of great debate and it carries more questions than answers. Recent incidents of fatal head injuries in individuals wearing a helmet have caused some to question the protective value of the helmet. The authors discuss the pattern, type of injury, incidents, and location of cranio-facio-ocular injuries in professional cricket to date. They evaluate the history of usage of the helmet in cricket, changes in design, and the protective value, and they compare the efficacy of various sports' helmets with injury profiles similar to those in cricket. The drop test and air cannon test are compared for impact energy attenuation performance of cricket helmets. A total of 36 cases of head injuries were identified, of which 5 (14%) were fatal and 9 (22%) were career-terminating events. Batsmen are the most vulnerable to injury, bearing 86% of the burden, followed by wicketkeepers (8%) and fielders (5.5%). In 53% of cases, the ball directly hit the head, while in 19.5% of cases the ball entered the gap between the peak and the faceguard. Ocular injuries to 3 wicketkeepers proved to be career-terminating injuries. The air cannon test is a better test for evaluating cricket helmets than the drop test. Craniofacial injuries are more common than popularly believed. There is an urgent need to improve the efficacy and compliance of protective restraints in cricket. A strict injury surveillance system with universal acceptance is needed to identify the burden of injuries and modes for their prevention. © AANS, 2016.},

keywords = {Ball, Batsman, Concussion, Cricket, head injury, Helmet, Protective gears},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

2015

Sharma, V K; Rango, J; Connaughton, A J; Lombardo, D J; Sabesan, V J

The current state of head and neck injuries in extreme sports Journal Article

In: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, AWARENESS, Concussion, Concussions, EPIDEMIOLOGY, extreme sport, Extreme sports, fracture, Head and neck injuries, head and neck injury, head injury, human, Incidence, laceration, major clinical study, neck injury, physician, Prevalence, priority journal, quality of life, skateboarding, skiing, telephone interview

@article{Sharma2015,

title = {The current state of head and neck injuries in extreme sports},

author = {Sharma, V K and Rango, J and Connaughton, A J and Lombardo, D J and Sabesan, V J},

doi = {10.1177/2325967114564358},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine},

volume = {3},

number = {1},

pages = {1--6},

abstract = {Background: Since their conception during the mid-1970s, international participation in extreme sports has grown rapidly. The recent death of extreme snowmobiler Caleb Moore at the 2013 Winter X Games has demonstrated the serious risks associated with these sports. Purpose: To examine the incidence and prevalence of head and neck injuries (HNIs) in extreme sports. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was used to acquire data from 7 sports (2000-2011) that were included in the Winter and Summer X Games. Data from the NEISS database were collected for each individual sport per year and type of HNI. Cumulative data for overall incidence and injuries over the entire 11-year period were calculated. National estimates were determined using NEISS-weighted calculations. Incidence rates were calculated for extreme sports using data from Outdoor Foundation Participation Reports. Results: Over 4 million injuries were reported between 2000 and 2011, of which 11.3% were HNIs. Of all HNIs, 83% were head injuries and 17% neck injuries. The 4 sports with the highest total incidence of HNI were skateboarding (129,600), snowboarding (97,527), skiing (83,313), and motocross (78,236). Severe HNI (cervical or skull fracture) accounted for 2.5% of extreme sports HNIs. Of these, skateboarding had the highest percentage of severe HNIs. Conclusion: The number of serious injuries suffered in extreme sports has increased as participation in the sports continues to grow. A greater awareness of the dangers associated with these sports offers an opportunity for sports medicine and orthopaedic physicians to advocate for safer equipment, improved on-site medical care, and further research regarding extreme sports injuries. © 2015 The Author(s).},

keywords = {Article, AWARENESS, Concussion, Concussions, EPIDEMIOLOGY, extreme sport, Extreme sports, fracture, Head and neck injuries, head and neck injury, head injury, human, Incidence, laceration, major clinical study, neck injury, physician, Prevalence, priority journal, quality of life, skateboarding, skiing, telephone interview},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Andelinović, M; Titlić, M; Andelinović, D

Functional Changes of P300 Values among Young Football Players as a Measure of a Cognitive Function Journal Article

In: Collegium antropologicum, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 641–645, 2015.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, brain concussion, cognition, Craniocerebral Trauma, event related potential, Event-Related Potentials, Evoked Potentials, evoked response, head injury, human, Humans, Male, P300, Pathophysiology, PHYSIOLOGY, psychology, reaction time, Soccer

Vassilyadi, M; Macartney, G; Barrowman, N; Anderson, P; Dube, K

Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study Journal Article

In: Pediatric Neurosurgery, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 196–203, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, affect, Article, Athletic Injuries, behavior disorder, brain concussion, Child, clinical article, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, Cognitive Efficiency Index, complication, Concussion, Concussion Symptom Scale, controlled study, Craniocerebral Trauma, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, fatigue, Female, head injury, headache, human, Humans, Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive, Likert scale, Male, memory disorder, mild traumatic brain injury, neuropsychological test, noise, Paediatric patients, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, psychology, quality of life, rating scale, scoring system, Sport, sport injury, Sports, symptom, time factor, Time Factors, traumatic brain injury, trends

@article{Vassilyadi2015,

title = {Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study},

author = {Vassilyadi, M and Macartney, G and Barrowman, N and Anderson, P and Dube, K},

doi = {10.1159/000431232},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Pediatric Neurosurgery},

volume = {50},

number = {4},

pages = {196--203},

abstract = {Background: Sports are a major cause of concussions, and little is known about the symptom experience and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in children who remain symptomatic for over 3 months following such head injuries. Methods: A cross-sectional study of children aged 10-18 years was performed who were referred to the Neurosurgery Clinic at our centre following a head injury. Symptom experience was measured using the modified Concussion Symptom Scale, and HRQL was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). The Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) was administered to assess neurocognitive and neurobehavioural sequelae. Results: Symptoms with the highest mean symptom scores on a Likert scale of 0-6 in 35 children at the time of assessment included headaches (3.1), poor concentration (2.7), memory problems (2.1), fatigue (2.1) and sensitivity to noise (2.0). Compared with normative data, children in this study had ImPACT summary scores between the 28th and 38th percentiles and a comparably low Cognitive Efficiency Index score. Mean scores for females were consistently statistically significantly lower (p \< 0.05) than for males across all of the HRQL domains. Trouble falling asleep and memory problems explained 62% of the variance in the PedsQL total scores. Conclusions: Children continue to experience many symptoms at least 3 months following sport-related head injuries that significantly impact their HRQL and neurocognitive abilities. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.},

keywords = {Adolescent, adult, affect, Article, Athletic Injuries, behavior disorder, brain concussion, Child, clinical article, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, Cognitive Efficiency Index, complication, Concussion, Concussion Symptom Scale, controlled study, Craniocerebral Trauma, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, fatigue, Female, head injury, headache, human, Humans, Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive, Likert scale, Male, memory disorder, mild traumatic brain injury, neuropsychological test, noise, Paediatric patients, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, psychology, quality of life, rating scale, scoring system, Sport, sport injury, Sports, symptom, time factor, Time Factors, traumatic brain injury, trends},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S

The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head Journal Article

In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level

@article{Patton2015,

title = {The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head},

author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S and Kleiven, S},

doi = {10.1123/jab.2014-0223},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},

volume = {31},

number = {4},

pages = {264--268},

abstract = {Biomechanical studies of concussions have progressed from qualitative observations of head impacts to physical and numerical reconstructions, direct impact measurements, and finite element analyses. Supplementary to a previous study, which investigated maximum principal strain, the current study used a detailed finite element head model to simulate unhelmeted concussion and no-injury head impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of various tissue-level brain injury predictors: strain rate, product of strain and strain rate, cumulative strain damage measure, von Mises stress, and intracranial pressure. Von Mises stress was found to be the most effective predictor of concussion. It was also found that the thalamus and corpus callosum were brain regions with strong associations with concussion. Tentative tolerance limits for tissue-level predictors were proposed in an attempt to broaden the understanding of unhelmeted concussions. For the thalamus, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 2.24 kPa, 24.0 s-1, and 2.49 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. For the corpus callosum, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 3.51 kPa, 25.1 s-1, and 2.76 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.},

keywords = {Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Brown, J C; Viljoen, W; Lambert, M I; Readhead, C; Fuller, C; Van Mechelen, W; Verhagen, E

The economic burden of time-loss injuries to youth players participating in week-long rugby union tournaments Journal Article

In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 394–399, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Absenteeism, Adolescent, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, Back Injuries, biokinetics, bone, Child, competition, Concussion, contusion, Craniocerebral Trauma, economic evaluation, economics, follow up, football, Football/economics, Football/economics/cost analysis, Football/injuries (MeSH terms), fracture, Fractures, head injury, Health, health care cost, Health Care Costs, health insurance, human, Humans, Injuries, injury, injury scale, Insurance, laceration, legal guardian, Lower Extremity, lower limb, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL care, muscle cramp, muscle strain, Neck Injuries, neck injury, Occupational Therapy, Parent, physical medicine, physiotherapy, radiodiagnosis, rugby, skin bruising, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, Trauma Severity Indices, Upper Extremity, upper limb, Wounds and Injuries

@article{Brown2015b,

title = {The economic burden of time-loss injuries to youth players participating in week-long rugby union tournaments},

author = {Brown, J C and Viljoen, W and Lambert, M I and Readhead, C and Fuller, C and {Van Mechelen}, W and Verhagen, E},

doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2014.06.015},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},

volume = {18},

number = {4},

pages = {394--399},

abstract = {Objectives: Rugby Union ("rugby") is a popular sport with high injury risk. Burden of injury is described by the incidence and severity of injury. However reports have ignored the monetary cost of injuries. Therefore the aim of this study was to describe the monetary cost associated with youth rugby injuries. Design: This descriptive study quantified medical treatments of injured players at the South African Rugby Union Youth tournaments in 2011/2012 and the days of work parents missed as a result of the injuries. A health insurer used these data to calculate associated costs. Methods: Legal guardians of the 421 injured players were contacted telephonically on a weekly basis until they returned to play. Treatments costs were estimated in South African Rands based on 2013 insurance rates and converted to US$ using purchasing power parities. Results: Of the 3652 players, 2% (n=71) sought medical care after the tournament. For these players, average treatment costs were high (US$731 per player, 95% CI: US$425-US$1096), with fractures being the most expensive type of injury. Players with medical insurance had higher costs (US$937, 95% CI: US$486-US$1500) than those without (US$220, 95% CI: US$145-US$302). Conclusions: Although a minority of players sought follow-up treatment after the tournaments, the cost of these injuries was high. Players without medical insurance having lower costs may indicate that these players did not receive adequate treatment for their injuries. Injury prevention efforts should consider injuries with high costs and the treatment of players without medical insurance. © 2014 Sports Medicine Australia.},

keywords = {Absenteeism, Adolescent, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, Back Injuries, biokinetics, bone, Child, competition, Concussion, contusion, Craniocerebral Trauma, economic evaluation, economics, follow up, football, Football/economics, Football/economics/cost analysis, Football/injuries (MeSH terms), fracture, Fractures, head injury, Health, health care cost, Health Care Costs, health insurance, human, Humans, Injuries, injury, injury scale, Insurance, laceration, legal guardian, Lower Extremity, lower limb, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL care, muscle cramp, muscle strain, Neck Injuries, neck injury, Occupational Therapy, Parent, physical medicine, physiotherapy, radiodiagnosis, rugby, skin bruising, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, Trauma Severity Indices, Upper Extremity, upper limb, Wounds and Injuries},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Characteristics of pediatric and adolescent concussion clinic patients with postconcussion amnesia Journal Article

In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 502–508, 2015.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, amnesia, anamnesis, Article, brain concussion, Child, complication, Concussion, Concussive injury, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, Demography, disease severity, emergency ward, ethnology, Female, head injury, human, Humans, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL history taking, Memory, ODDS ratio, outcome assessment, postconcussion symptoms, priority journal, race, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, Risk, risk factor, Risk Factors, unconsciousness

@article{Register-Mihalik2015,

title = {Characteristics of pediatric and adolescent concussion clinic patients with postconcussion amnesia},

author = {Register-Mihalik, J K and {De Maio}, V J and Tibbo-Valeriote, H L and Wooten, J D},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},

volume = {25},

number = {6},

pages = {502--508},

abstract = {Objective: The current study examines the demographics, injury characteristics, and outcomes associated with the presence of postconcussion amnesia in young concussion clinic patients. Design: Cross-sectional, retrospective clinical cohort. Setting: Concussion services clinic. Patients: Pediatric and adolescent concussion services program patients, presenting within 10 days postinjury, aged 10-18 years, with the goal of returning to sport (n = 245). Assessment of Risk Factors: Age, gender, race, head trauma history, injury mechanism, loss of consciousness (LOC), injuryrelated visit to an emergency department, cognitive and balance scores, symptoms, and management recommendations. Main Outcome Measures: Univariate and multivariate analyses determined adjusted odds ratios for reported presence of any postconcussion amnesia (anterograde or retrograde). Results: Factors associated with amnesia (univariate, P \< 0.10) and included in the multivariate model were race, head trauma history, mechanism of injury, LOC, injury-related visit to an emergency department, management recommendations and time of injury and initial visit symptom severity. Age and gender were also included in the model due to biological significance. Of the 245 patients, 181 had data for all model variables. Of the 181 patients, 58 reported amnesia. History of head trauma [odds ratio (OR), 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-5.7]; time of injury (TOI) symptom severity \>75th percentile (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.3) and LOC (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6) were found to have significant and independent relationships with amnesia in the multivariate model. Conclusions: This study illustrates that patients presenting with postconcussion amnesia are more likely to have a history of head trauma, LOC, and greater symptom severity. Future research is needed to better understand amnesia following concussion. Clinical Relevance: Amnesia presence, previous head trauma, LOC, and increased symptom severity may aid in identifying patients with a greater initial injury burden who warrant closer observation and more conservative management. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {Adolescent, adult, amnesia, anamnesis, Article, brain concussion, Child, complication, Concussion, Concussive injury, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, Demography, disease severity, emergency ward, ethnology, Female, head injury, human, Humans, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL history taking, Memory, ODDS ratio, outcome assessment, postconcussion symptoms, priority journal, race, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, Risk, risk factor, Risk Factors, unconsciousness},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Objective: The current study examines the demographics, injury characteristics, and outcomes associated with the presence of postconcussion amnesia in young concussion clinic patients. Design: Cross-sectional, retrospective clinical cohort. Setting: Concussion services clinic. Patients: Pediatric and adolescent concussion services program patients, presenting within 10 days postinjury, aged 10-18 years, with the goal of returning to sport (n = 245). Assessment of Risk Factors: Age, gender, race, head trauma history, injury mechanism, loss of consciousness (LOC), injuryrelated visit to an emergency department, cognitive and balance scores, symptoms, and management recommendations. Main Outcome Measures: Univariate and multivariate analyses determined adjusted odds ratios for reported presence of any postconcussion amnesia (anterograde or retrograde). Results: Factors associated with amnesia (univariate, P < 0.10) and included in the multivariate model were race, head trauma history, mechanism of injury, LOC, injury-related visit to an emergency department, management recommendations and time of injury and initial visit symptom severity. Age and gender were also included in the model due to biological significance. Of the 245 patients, 181 had data for all model variables. Of the 181 patients, 58 reported amnesia. History of head trauma [odds ratio (OR), 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-5.7]; time of injury (TOI) symptom severity >75th percentile (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.3) and LOC (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6) were found to have significant and independent relationships with amnesia in the multivariate model. Conclusions: This study illustrates that patients presenting with postconcussion amnesia are more likely to have a history of head trauma, LOC, and greater symptom severity. Future research is needed to better understand amnesia following concussion. Clinical Relevance: Amnesia presence, previous head trauma, LOC, and increased symptom severity may aid in identifying patients with a greater initial injury burden who warrant closer observation and more conservative management. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Dematteo, Carol; Volterman, Kimberly A; Breithaupt, Peter G; Claridge, Everett A; Adamich, John; Timmons, Brian W

Exertion Testing in Youth with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion Journal Article

In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2283–2290, 2015, ISBN: 01959131.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *BRAIN -- Concussion, *BRAIN -- Wounds & injuries, *EXERCISE, *EXERCISE tests, *POSTCONCUSSION syndrome, *SPORTS participation, ADOLESCENCE, adolescents, brain concussion, children, DATA analysis, DATA analysis -- Software, DECISION making in clinical medicine, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, head injury, MULTIPLE regression analysis, ONE-way analysis of variance, postconcussion syndrome, RESEARCH -- Finance, Return to Play, SAMPLING (Statistics), STATISTICS

@article{Dematteo2015b,

title = {Exertion Testing in Youth with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion},

author = {Dematteo, Carol and Volterman, Kimberly A and Breithaupt, Peter G and Claridge, Everett A and Adamich, John and Timmons, Brian W},

isbn = {01959131},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},

volume = {47},

number = {11},

pages = {2283--2290},

abstract = {Purpose: The decision regarding return to activity (RTA) after mild traumatic brain injuries/concussion is one of the most difficult and controversial areas in concussion management, particularly for youth. This study investigated how youth with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) are affected by exertion and whether standardized exertion testing using the McMaster All-Out Progressive Continuous Cycling Test can contribute to clinical decision making for safe RTA. Methods: Fifty-four youth (8.5-18.3 yr) with a previously confirmed concussion participated in the study. Each participant performed exertion testing on a cycle ergometer and completed a Postconcussion Symptom scale at the following time points: before exertion (baseline), 5 and 30 min, and 24 h after exertion. A modified Postconcussion Symptom scale was administered at 2-min intervals during exertion. Results: Participants had a mean T SD symptom duration of 6.3 T 6.9 months after the most recent concussive injury, with a median of 4.1 months (range, 0.7-35 months). Sixty-three percent of participants had symptoms during exertion testing. Symptom profile (number and severity) significantly affected perception of exertion at 50% peak mechanical power. During acute assessment of symptoms (30-min after exertion), headache (P = 0.39), nausea (P = 0.63), and dizziness (P = 0.35) did not change. However, both the number and severity of symptoms significantly improved over 24 h, with 56.8% of youth showing improvements. The time from the most recent injury had a significant effect on the symptom score at baseline, 30 min after exertion, and 24 h after exertion. Conclusions: Exertion testing has an important role in the evaluation of symptoms and readiness to RTA, particularly in youth who are slow to recover. Overall, controlled exertion seemed to lesson symptoms for most youth. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},

keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *BRAIN -- Wounds \&amp; injuries, *EXERCISE, *EXERCISE tests, *POSTCONCUSSION syndrome, *SPORTS participation, ADOLESCENCE, adolescents, brain concussion, children, DATA analysis, DATA analysis -- Software, DECISION making in clinical medicine, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, head injury, MULTIPLE regression analysis, ONE-way analysis of variance, postconcussion syndrome, RESEARCH -- Finance, Return to Play, SAMPLING (Statistics), STATISTICS},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

De Matteo, C; Volterman, K A; Breithaupt, P G; Claridge, E A; Adamich, J; Timmons, B W

Exertion testing in youth with mild traumatic brain injury/concussion Journal Article

In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2283–2290, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adolescents, brain concussion, Child, children, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, exercise, exercise test, exercise tolerance, Female, head injury, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, Physical Exertion, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Return to Play, return to sport, time factor, Time Factors

@article{DeMatteo2015,

title = {Exertion testing in youth with mild traumatic brain injury/concussion},

author = {{De Matteo}, C and Volterman, K A and Breithaupt, P G and Claridge, E A and Adamich, J and Timmons, B W},

doi = {10.1249/MSS.0000000000000682},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},

volume = {47},

number = {11},

pages = {2283--2290},

abstract = {Purpose The decision regarding return to activity (RTA) after mild traumatic brain injuries/concussion is one of the most difficult and controversial areas in concussion management, particularly for youth. This study investigated how youth with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) are affected by exertion and whether standardized exertion testing using the McMaster All-Out Progressive Continuous Cycling Test can contribute to clinical decision making for safe RTA. Methods Fifty-four youth (8.5-18.3 yr) with a previously confirmed concussion participated in the study. Each participant performed exertion testing on a cycle ergometer and completed a Postconcussion Symptom scale at the following time points: before exertion (baseline), 5 and 30 min, and 24 h after exertion. A modified Postconcussion Symptom scale was administered at 2-min intervals during exertion. Results Participants had a mean ± SD symptom duration of 6.3 ± 6.9 months after the most recent concussive injury, with a median of 4.1 months (range, 0.7-35 months). Sixty-three percent of participants had symptoms during exertion testing. Symptom profile (number and severity) significantly affected perception of exertion at 50% peak mechanical power. During acute assessment of symptoms (30-min after exertion), headache (P = 0.39), nausea (P = 0.63), and dizziness (P = 0.35) did not change. However, both the number and severity of symptoms significantly improved over 24 h, with 56.8% of youth showing improvements. The time from the most recent injury had a significant effect on the symptom score at baseline, 30 min after exertion, and 24 h after exertion. Conclusions Exertion testing has an important role in the evaluation of symptoms and readiness to RTA, particularly in youth who are slow to recover. Overall, controlled exertion seemed to lesson symptoms for most youth. © 2015 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},

keywords = {Adolescent, adolescents, brain concussion, Child, children, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, exercise, exercise test, exercise tolerance, Female, head injury, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, Physical Exertion, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Return to Play, return to sport, time factor, Time Factors},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Timpka, T; Jacobsson, J; Ekberg, J; Finch, C F; Bichenbach, J; Edouard, P; Bargoria, V; Branco, P; Alonso, J M

Meta-narrative analysis of sports injury reporting practices based on the Injury Definitions Concept Framework (IDCF): A review of consensus statements and epidemiological studies in athletics (track and field) Journal Article

In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 643–650, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: accident, athletic performance, clinical examination, competition, Concussion, Consensus, Epidemiologic Methods, epidemiological data, EPIDEMIOLOGY, football, head injury, health service, human, Humans, information processing, Injuries, Medline, meta analysis, METHODOLOGY, musculoskeletal disease, neck injury, nomenclature, Overuse injuries, physical education, procedures, Qualitative methods, Research Design, Review, self report, sport injury, Sports epidemiology, sports injury, SPORTS medicine, Systematic Review, tennis, Terminology, Terminology as Topic, track and field, training

@article{Timpka2015,

title = {Meta-narrative analysis of sports injury reporting practices based on the Injury Definitions Concept Framework (IDCF): A review of consensus statements and epidemiological studies in athletics (track and field)},

author = {Timpka, T and Jacobsson, J and Ekberg, J and Finch, C F and Bichenbach, J and Edouard, P and Bargoria, V and Branco, P and Alonso, J M},

doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.393},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},

volume = {18},

number = {6},

pages = {643--650},

abstract = {Objectives: Consistency in routines for reporting injury has been a focus of development efforts in sports epidemiology for a long time. To gain an improved understanding of current reporting practices, we applied the Injury Definitions Concept Framework (IDCF) in a review of injury reporting in a subset of the field. Design: Meta-narrative review. Methods: An analysis of injury definitions reported in consensus statements for different sports and studies of injury epidemiology in athletics (track and field) published in PubMed between 1980 and 2013 was performed. Separate narratives for each of the three reporting contexts in the IDCF were constructed from the data. Results: Six consensus statements and 14 studies reporting on athletics injury epidemiology fulfilled the selection criteria. The narratives on sports performance, clinical examination, and athlete self-report contexts were evenly represented in the eligible studies. The sports performance and athlete self-report narratives covered both professional and community athletes as well as training and competition settings. In the clinical examination narrative, data collection by health service professionals was linked to studies of professional athletes at international championships. Conclusions: From an application of the IDCF in a review of injury reporting in sports epidemiology we observed a parallel usage of reporting contexts in this field of research. The co-existence of reporting methodologies does not necessarily reflect a problematic situation, but only provided that firm precautions are taken when comparing studies performed in the different contexts. © 2014 Sports Medicine Australia.},

keywords = {accident, athletic performance, clinical examination, competition, Concussion, Consensus, Epidemiologic Methods, epidemiological data, EPIDEMIOLOGY, football, head injury, health service, human, Humans, information processing, Injuries, Medline, meta analysis, METHODOLOGY, musculoskeletal disease, neck injury, nomenclature, Overuse injuries, physical education, procedures, Qualitative methods, Research Design, Review, self report, sport injury, Sports epidemiology, sports injury, SPORTS medicine, Systematic Review, tennis, Terminology, Terminology as Topic, track and field, training},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Billock, R M; Anderegg, J J; Mehan, T J; Chounthirath, T; Smith, G A

In: American Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 1745–1749, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accidental Falls, Adolescent, adult, arm fracture, Article, body regions, Child, Concussion, emergency health service, Emergency Service, emergency ward, EPIDEMIOLOGY, falling, Female, head and neck injury, head injury, Hospital, hospitalization, human, Humans, Infant, leg injury, major clinical study, Male, Newborn, Preschool, preschool child, priority journal, recreation, residential area, SAFETY, soft tissue injury, sport injury, sprain, statistics and numerical data, trunk injury, UNITED States, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult, zipline related injury

@article{Billock2015,

title = {Zipline-related injuries treated in US EDs, 1997-2012},

author = {Billock, R M and Anderegg, J J and Mehan, T J and Chounthirath, T and Smith, G A},

doi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2015.08.022},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {American Journal of Emergency Medicine},

volume = {33},

number = {12},

pages = {1745--1749},

abstract = {Purpose To investigate the epidemiology of zipline-related injuries in the United States. Basic Procedures The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was used to examine non-fatal zipline-related injuries treated in US emergency departments (EDs) from 1997 through 2012. Sample weights were applied to calculate national estimates. Main Findings From 1997 through 2012, an estimated 16 850 (95% CI, 13 188-20 512) zipline-related injuries were treated in US EDs. The annual injury rate per 1 million population increased by 52.3% from 7.64 (95% CI, 4.86-10.42) injuries in 2009 (the first year with a stable annual estimate) to 11.64 (95% CI, 7.83-15.45) injuries in 2012. Patients aged 0-9 years accounted for 45.0% of injuries, females made up 53.1% of injuries, and 11.7% of patients required hospitalization. Fractures accounted for the largest proportion of injuries (46.7%), and the upper extremities were the most commonly injured body region (44.1%). Falls were the most common mechanism of injury, accounting for 77.3% of injuries. Among cases where the location of the injury event was known, 30.8% of injuries occurred in a residential setting and 69.2% occurred in a public place. Principal Conclusions This study is the first to characterize the epidemiology of zipline-related injuries using a nationally representative database. The rapid increase in zipline-related injuries in recent years suggests the need for additional safety guidelines and regulations. Commercial ziplines and publicly accessible non-commercial ziplines should be subject to uniform safety standards in all states and jurisdictions across the US, and homemade ziplines should not be used. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.},

keywords = {Accidental Falls, Adolescent, adult, arm fracture, Article, body regions, Child, Concussion, emergency health service, Emergency Service, emergency ward, EPIDEMIOLOGY, falling, Female, head and neck injury, head injury, Hospital, hospitalization, human, Humans, Infant, leg injury, major clinical study, Male, Newborn, Preschool, preschool child, priority journal, recreation, residential area, SAFETY, soft tissue injury, sport injury, sprain, statistics and numerical data, trunk injury, UNITED States, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult, zipline related injury},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Alworth, M; Bond, M C; Brady, W J

The sports medicine literature 2013 Journal Article

In: American Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1283–1287, 2015.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: achilles tendon rupture, athlete, Athletic Injuries, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycar, cause of death, cervical spine injury, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, commotio cordis, Concussion, electrocardiogram, Emergency Medicine, emergency physician, emergency ward, endotracheal intubation, football, head injury, health care quality, heart ventricle tachycardia, human, Humans, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ice hockey, injury severity, long QT syndrome, memory assessment, myocarditis, neurologic examination, practice guideline, priority journal, resuscitation, retrograde amnesia, Review, sleep disorder, SPORTS medicine, sudden cardiac death, sudden death, traumatic brain injury, UNITED States

2014

Mitsis, E M; Riggio, S; Kostakoglu, L; Dickstein, D L; Machac, J; Delman, B; Goldstein, M; Jennings, D; D'Antonio, E; Martin, J; Naidich, T P; Aloysi, A; Fernandez, C; Seibyl, J; DeKosky, S T; Elder, G A; Marek, K; Gordon, W; Hof, P R; Sano, M; Gandy, S

Tauopathy PET and amyloid PET in the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathies: Studies of a retired NFL player and of a man with FTD and a severe head injury Journal Article

In: Translational Psychiatry, vol. 4, no. 9, 2014.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, aged, amyloid plaque, arachnoid cyst, Article, case report, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy florbetapir f 18, Concussion, diagnostic accuracy, eye movement, football, frontotemporal dementia, head injury, human, injury severity, ligand binding, Male, memory disorder, middle aged, molecular imaging, motor dysfunction, muscle tone, personality disorder, positron emission tomography, short term memory, subdural hematoma, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury

@article{Mitsis2014,

title = {Tauopathy PET and amyloid PET in the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathies: Studies of a retired NFL player and of a man with FTD and a severe head injury},

author = {Mitsis, E M and Riggio, S and Kostakoglu, L and Dickstein, D L and Machac, J and Delman, B and Goldstein, M and Jennings, D and D'Antonio, E and Martin, J and Naidich, T P and Aloysi, A and Fernandez, C and Seibyl, J and DeKosky, S T and Elder, G A and Marek, K and Gordon, W and Hof, P R and Sano, M and Gandy, S},

url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84918535750\&partnerID=40\&md5=704b918a7429432cbd631e703c44eb63},

doi = {10.1038/tp.2014.91},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Translational Psychiatry},

volume = {4},

number = {9},

abstract = {Single, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) which elevates CNS amyloid, increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD); while repetitive concussive and subconcussive events as observed in athletes and military personnel, may increase the risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). We describe two clinical cases, one with a history of multiple concussions during a career in the National Football League (NFL) and the second with frontotemporal dementia and a single, severe TBI. Both patients presented with cognitive decline and underwent [18F]-Florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for amyloid plaques; the retired NFL player also underwent [18F]-T807 PET imaging, a new ligand binding to tau, the main constituent of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Case 1, the former NFL player, was 71 years old when he presented with memory impairment and a clinical profile highly similar to AD. [18F]-Florbetapir PET imaging was negative, essentially excluding AD as a diagnosis. CTE was suspected clinically, and [18F]-T807 PET imaging revealed striatal and nigral [18F]-T807 retention consistent with the presence of tauopathy. Case 2 was a 56- year-old man with personality changes and cognitive decline who had sustained a fall complicated by a subdural hematoma. At 1 year post injury, [18F]-Florbetapir PET imaging was negative for an AD pattern of amyloid accumulation in this subject. Focal [18F]- Florbetapir retention was noted at the site of impact. In case 1, amyloid imaging provided improved diagnostic accuracy where standard clinical and laboratory criteria were inadequate. In that same case, tau imaging with [18F]-T807 revealed a subcortical tauopathy that we interpret as a novel form of CTE with a distribution of tauopathy that mimics, to some extent, that of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), despite a clinical presentation of amnesia without any movement disorder complaints or signs. A key distinguishing feature is that our patient presented with hippocampal involvement, which is more frequently seen in CTE than in PSP. In case 2, focal [18F]-Florbetapir retention at the site of injury in an otherwise negative scan suggests focal amyloid aggregation. In each of these complex cases, a combination of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose, [18F]-Florbetapir and/or [18F]-T807 PET molecular imaging improved the accuracy of diagnosis and prevented inappropriate interventions. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited.},

keywords = {adult, aged, amyloid plaque, arachnoid cyst, Article, case report, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy florbetapir f 18, Concussion, diagnostic accuracy, eye movement, football, frontotemporal dementia, head injury, human, injury severity, ligand binding, Male, memory disorder, middle aged, molecular imaging, motor dysfunction, muscle tone, personality disorder, positron emission tomography, short term memory, subdural hematoma, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Single, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) which elevates CNS amyloid, increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD); while repetitive concussive and subconcussive events as observed in athletes and military personnel, may increase the risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). We describe two clinical cases, one with a history of multiple concussions during a career in the National Football League (NFL) and the second with frontotemporal dementia and a single, severe TBI. Both patients presented with cognitive decline and underwent [18F]-Florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for amyloid plaques; the retired NFL player also underwent [18F]-T807 PET imaging, a new ligand binding to tau, the main constituent of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Case 1, the former NFL player, was 71 years old when he presented with memory impairment and a clinical profile highly similar to AD. [18F]-Florbetapir PET imaging was negative, essentially excluding AD as a diagnosis. CTE was suspected clinically, and [18F]-T807 PET imaging revealed striatal and nigral [18F]-T807 retention consistent with the presence of tauopathy. Case 2 was a 56- year-old man with personality changes and cognitive decline who had sustained a fall complicated by a subdural hematoma. At 1 year post injury, [18F]-Florbetapir PET imaging was negative for an AD pattern of amyloid accumulation in this subject. Focal [18F]- Florbetapir retention was noted at the site of impact. In case 1, amyloid imaging provided improved diagnostic accuracy where standard clinical and laboratory criteria were inadequate. In that same case, tau imaging with [18F]-T807 revealed a subcortical tauopathy that we interpret as a novel form of CTE with a distribution of tauopathy that mimics, to some extent, that of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), despite a clinical presentation of amnesia without any movement disorder complaints or signs. A key distinguishing feature is that our patient presented with hippocampal involvement, which is more frequently seen in CTE than in PSP. In case 2, focal [18F]-Florbetapir retention at the site of injury in an otherwise negative scan suggests focal amyloid aggregation. In each of these complex cases, a combination of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose, [18F]-Florbetapir and/or [18F]-T807 PET molecular imaging improved the accuracy of diagnosis and prevented inappropriate interventions. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited.

Antonius, D; Mathew, N; Picano, J; Hinds, A; Cogswell, A; Olympia, J; Brooks, T; Di Giacomo, M; Baker, J; Willer, B; Leddy, J

Behavioral health symptoms associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A critical review of the literature and recommendations for treatment and research Journal Article

In: Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 313–322, 2014.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, anxiety disorder, apathy, Article, behavior change, behavior disorder, brain concussion, buspirone, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy beta adrenergic r, cingulate gyrus, degenerative disease, depression, euphoria, head injury, human, hypersexuality, impulse control disorder, mental disease, mental instability, mood change, nerve degeneration, neurofibrillary tangle, olanzapine, parahippocampal gyrus, personality disorder, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic stress disorder, priority journal, serotonin uptake inhibitor, sexual behavior, suicidal behavior, traumatic brain injury

@article{Antonius2014,

title = {Behavioral health symptoms associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A critical review of the literature and recommendations for treatment and research},

author = {Antonius, D and Mathew, N and Picano, J and Hinds, A and Cogswell, A and Olympia, J and Brooks, T and {Di Giacomo}, M and Baker, J and Willer, B and Leddy, J},

url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84920996232\&partnerID=40\&md5=cb8a1deab38101900f8d7a8ac0b7a80c},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences},

volume = {26},

number = {4},

pages = {313--322},

abstract = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative syndrome that has been linked to serious psychiatric symptoms, including depression, aggression, and suicidal behavior. This review critically examines the extant research on the behavioral manifestations of CTE and concludes that the paucity of longitudinal prospective studies on CTE, combined with a lack of research-accepted diagnostic criteria for identifying individuals who are considered at risk for CTE, makes it difficult to reliably establish a causal relationship between CTE and the onset of behavioral health problems. Selection and reporting bias and inconsistency in data collection methods are other concerns. To advance the field, there is a critical need for more empirical research on the behavioral manifestations of CTE. Recommendations and intervention models are also discussed. © 2014 American Psychiatric Association.},

keywords = {Aggression, anxiety disorder, apathy, Article, behavior change, behavior disorder, brain concussion, buspirone, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy beta adrenergic r, cingulate gyrus, degenerative disease, depression, euphoria, head injury, human, hypersexuality, impulse control disorder, mental disease, mental instability, mood change, nerve degeneration, neurofibrillary tangle, olanzapine, parahippocampal gyrus, personality disorder, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic stress disorder, priority journal, serotonin uptake inhibitor, sexual behavior, suicidal behavior, traumatic brain injury},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

2003

McIntosh, Andrew S

Helmets and head protection for the athlete as a means to prevent injury Journal Article

In: International Sportmed Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2003, ISBN: 15283356.

Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, Head Injuries, head injury, Helmets, Hemorrhage, Skull fractures, Sport, Sports -- Rules, SPORTS competitions, Sports helmets, SPORTS injury prevention, test methods

Reference Search

30 entries « ‹ 1 of 2 › »

Bailly, N; Afquir, S; Laporte, J D; Melot, A; Savary, D; Seigneuret, E; Delay, J B; Donnadieu, T; Masson, C; Arnoux, P J

Analysis of Injury Mechanisms in Head Injuries in Skiers and Snowboarders Journal Article

In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2017.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Bailly2017,

title = {Analysis of Injury Mechanisms in Head Injuries in Skiers and Snowboarders},

author = {Bailly, N and Afquir, S and Laporte, J D and Melot, A and Savary, D and Seigneuret, E and Delay, J B and Donnadieu, T and Masson, C and Arnoux, P J},

doi = {10.1249/MSS.0000000000001078},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},

volume = {49},

number = {1},

pages = {1--10},

abstract = {Purpose Mechanisms of injury and description of head impacts leading to traumatic brain injury (TBI) in skiers and snowboarders have not been extensively documented. We investigate snow sport crashes leading to TBI 1) to identify typical mechanisms leading to TBI to better target prevention measures and 2) to identify the injury mechanisms and the head impact conditions. Methods The subjects were skiers and snowboarders diagnosed of TBI and admitted between 2013 and 2015 to one of the 15 medical offices and three hospital centers involved in the study. The survey includes the description of the patients (age, sex, practice, skill level, and helmet use), the crash (type, location, estimated speed, causes, and fall description), and the injuries sustained (symptoms, head trauma scores, and other injuries). Sketches were used to describe the crash and impact locations. Clustering methods were used to distinguish profiles of injured participants. Results A total of 295 skiers and 71 snowboarders were interviewed. The most frequent type of mechanism was falls (54%), followed by collision between users (18%) and jumps (15%). Collision with obstacle (13%) caused the most serious TBI. Three categories of patients were identified. First, men age 16-25 yr are more involved in crash at high speed or in connection with a jump. Second, women, children (\<16 yr), and beginners are particularly injured in collisions between users. Third, those older than 50 yr, usually nonhelmeted, are frequently involved in falls. Ten crash scenarios were identified. Falling head first is the most frequent of skiers' falls (28%). Conclusion Crash scenarios leading to TBI were identified and associated with profiles of injured participants. Those results should help to better target TBI prevention and protection campaigns. © 2016 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Zusman, E E; Zopfi, P; Kuluva, J; Zuckerman, S

Can Ideas From United States Youth Sports Reduce Judo-Related Head Injuries in Japan? Journal Article

In: World Neurosurgery, vol. 97, pp. 725–727, 2017.

Links | BibTeX

Collins, M W; Womble, M N

American pediatric surgical association journal of pediatric surgery lecture Journal Article

In: Journal of Pediatric Surgery, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 16–21, 2017.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

Keays, G; Friedman, D; Gagnon, I

A 20-Year Comparison of Football-Related Injuries in American and Canadian Youth Aged 6 to 17 Years: A replication study Journal Article

In: Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 603–613, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S

Considerations for the performance requirements and technical specifications of soft-shell padded headgear Journal Article

In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, vol. 230, no. 1, pp. 29–42, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

Stieg, P E; Perrine, K

Helmet Use and Traumatic Brain Injury in Snowboarding Journal Article

In: World Neurosurgery, vol. 86, pp. 65–68, 2016.

Links | BibTeX

Kania, K; Shaikh, K A; White, I K; Ackerman, L L

Follow-up issues in children with mild traumatic brain injuries Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 224–230, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Kania2016,

title = {Follow-up issues in children with mild traumatic brain injuries},

author = {Kania, K and Shaikh, K A and White, I K and Ackerman, L L},

doi = {10.3171/2016.1.PEDS15511},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics},

volume = {18},

number = {2},

pages = {224--230},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Concerns about mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have increased in recent years, and neurosurgical consultation is often requested for patients with radiographic abnormalities or clinical findings suspicious for mTBI. However, to the authors' knowledge, no study has used the Acute Concussion Evaluation (ACE) tool to systematically evaluate the evolution of symptoms in patients with mTBI during neurosurgical follow-up. The goal in this study was to evaluate symptom progression in pediatric patients referred for neurosurgical consultation by using the ACE, as endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of records of consecutive pediatric patients who had presented to the emergency department, were diagnosed with possible mTBI, and were referred for neurosurgical consultation. Outpatient follow-up for these patients included serial assessment using the ACE. Data collected included the mechanisms of the patients' injuries, symptoms, follow-up duration, and premorbid conditions that might potentially contribute to protracted recovery. RESULTS: Of 91 patients identified with mTBI, 58 met the inclusion criteria, and 33 of these had sufficient follow-up data to be included in the study. Mechanisms of injury included sports injury (15 patients), isolated falls (10), and motor vehicle collisions (8). Ages ranged from 5 to 17 years (mean age 11.6 years), and 29 of the 33 patients were male. Six patients had preinjury developmental and/or psychiatric diagnoses such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Seventeen had negative findings on head CT scans. The first follow-up evaluation occurred at a mean of 30 days after injury. The mean number of symptoms reported on the ACE inventory at first follow-up were 3.2; 12 patients were symptom free. Patients with positive head CT findings required longer follow-up: these patients needed 14.59 weeks, versus 7.87 weeks of follow-up in patients with negative findings on head CT scans (p \< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that patients with mTBI, particularly those with developmental and/or psychiatric comorbidities and concurrent cerebral or extracranial injury, often report symptoms for several weeks after their initial injury. Serial ACE assessment permits systematic identification of patients who are experiencing continued symptoms, leading to appropriate patient management and referral. ©AANS, 2016.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Brett, Benjamin L; Smyk, Nathan; Solomon, Gary; Baughman, Brandon C; Schatz, Philip

Long-term Stability and Reliability of Baseline Cognitive Assessments in High School Athletes Using ImPACT at 1-, 2-, and 3-year Test-Retest Intervals Journal Article

In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 904–914, 2016, ISBN: 08876177.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Brett2016,

title = {Long-term Stability and Reliability of Baseline Cognitive Assessments in High School Athletes Using ImPACT at 1-, 2-, and 3-year Test-Retest Intervals},

author = {Brett, Benjamin L and Smyk, Nathan and Solomon, Gary and Baughman, Brandon C and Schatz, Philip},

doi = {10.1093/arclin/acw055},

isbn = {08876177},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},

volume = {31},

number = {8},

pages = {904--914},

abstract = {Objective: The ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) neurocognitive testing battery is a widely used tool used for the assessment and management of sports-related concussion. Research on the stability of ImPACT in high school athletes at a 1- and 2-year intervals have been inconsistent, requiring further investigation. We documented 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest reliability of repeated ImPACT baseline assessments in a sample of high school athletes, using multiple statistical methods for examining stability. Methods: A total of 1,510 high school athletes completed baseline cognitive testing using online ImPACT test battery at three time periods of approximately 1- (N = 250), 2- (N = 1146), and 3-year (N = 114) intervals. No participant sustained a concussion between assessments. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged in composite scores from 0.36 to 0.90 and showed little change as intervals between assessments increased. Reliable change indices and regression-based measures (RBMs) examining the test-retest stability demonstrated a lack of significant change in composite scores across the various time intervals, with very few cases (0%-6%) falling outside of 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: The results suggest ImPACT composites scores remain considerably stability across 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest intervals in high school athletes, when considering both ICCs and RBM. Annually ascertaining baseline scores continues to be optimal for ensuring accurate and individualized management of injury for concussed athletes. For instances in which more recent baselines are not available (1-2 years), clinicians should seek to utilize more conservative range estimates in determining the presence of clinically meaningful change in cognitive performance.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

O'Sullivan, D; Fife, G P; Pieter, W; Lim, T; Shin, I

Resultant linear acceleration of an instrumented head form does not differ between junior and collegiate taekwondo athletes' kicks Journal Article

In: Journal of Sport and Health Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 226–230, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

10.

Keener, A B

Tackling the brain: Clues emerge about the pathology of sports-related brain trauma Journal Article

In: Nature Medicine, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 326–329, 2016.

Links | BibTeX

11.

Leddy, J J; Baker, J G; Willer, B

Active Rehabilitation of Concussion and Post-concussion Syndrome Journal Article

In: Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 437–454, 2016.

Links | BibTeX

12.

Ojo, J O; Mouzon, B C; Crawford, F

Repetitive head trauma, chronic traumatic encephalopathy and tau: Challenges in translating from mice to men Journal Article

In: Experimental Neurology, vol. 275, pp. 389–404, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Ojo2016,

title = {Repetitive head trauma, chronic traumatic encephalopathy and tau: Challenges in translating from mice to men},

author = {Ojo, J O and Mouzon, B C and Crawford, F},

doi = {10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.06.003},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Experimental Neurology},

volume = {275},

pages = {389--404},

abstract = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurological and psychiatric condition marked by preferential perivascular foci of neurofibrillary and glial tangles (composed of hyperphosphorylated-tau proteins) in the depths of the sulci. Recent retrospective case series published over the last decade on athletes and military personnel have added considerably to our clinical and histopathological knowledge of CTE. This has marked a vital turning point in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) field, raising public awareness of the potential long-term effects of mild and moderate repetitive TBI, which has been recognized as one of the major risk factors associated with CTE. Although these human studies have been informative, their retrospective design carries certain inherent limitations that should be cautiously interpreted. In particular, the current overriding issue in the CTE literature remains confusing in regard to appropriate definitions of terminology, variability in individual pathologies and the potential case selection bias in autopsy based studies. There are currently no epidemiological or prospective studies on CTE. Controlled preclinical studies in animals therefore provide an alternative means for specifically interrogating aspects of CTE pathogenesis. In this article, we review the current literature and discuss difficulties and challenges of developing in-vivo TBI experimental paradigms to explore the link between repetitive head trauma and tau-dependent changes. We provide our current opinion list of recommended features to consider for successfully modeling CTE in animals to better understand the pathobiology and develop therapeutics and diagnostics, and critical factors, which might influence outcome. We finally discuss the possible directions of future experimental research in the repetitive TBI/CTE field. © 2015 Elsevier Inc..},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

13.

Malloch-Brown, K; Mc Fie, S; Brown, J; Viljoen, W; Readhead, C

Concussion return-to-play behaviour of South African Rugby Union (SA Rugby) Youth Week players: a pilot study Journal Article

In: South African Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 43–45, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

14.

Beiske, K K; Kostov, K H; Kostov, H

Rhythmic midtemporal discharge in a youth during light sleep Journal Article

In: Neurodiagnostic Journal, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 32–36, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

15.

Jae-Ok, K; Voaklander, D

Effects of Competition Rule Changes on the Incidence of Head Kicks and Possible Concussions in Taekwondo Journal Article

In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 239–244, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Jae-Ok2016,

title = {Effects of Competition Rule Changes on the Incidence of Head Kicks and Possible Concussions in Taekwondo},

author = {Jae-Ok, K and Voaklander, D},

doi = {10.1097/JSM.0000000000000244},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},

volume = {26},

number = {3},

pages = {239--244},

abstract = {Objective: Competition rules related to head kicks (HKs) in sparing-taekwondo (S-TKD) were changed in 2009, resulting in more points awarded to the head attacker. The objective of this research is to measure the incidence of HKs and to analyze the characteristics of situations leading up to and after HKs in a postrule change competition. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study using video analysis. Setting: The final matches of the World Taekwondo Championships (WTCs) in 2011 and 2013. Participants: A total of 1760 athletes participated in both WTCs. Sixty-four athletes, who had won elimination-round matches and were 15 years or older, competed in final matches. Main Outcome Measures: The final matches - a total of 64 matches including 95 rounds - were analyzed using an anatomical and outcome coding scheme for HKs. Results: Overall, a total of 30 athletes experienced receiving one or more HKs during 2 WTCs (469 HKs per 1000 athlete-exposures (A-E), 95% confidence interval = 296, 642). Female athletes showed higher incidences of HKs than male. A trend of increasing incidence of HKs was observed in the females. The HKs occurred more frequently among competitors in lightweight categories and those of similar height (49%). Conclusions: Overall, the frequency of HKs seems to have increased compared with matches before 2009. A sharp increase in the numbers of HKs is evident among the elite female athletes. To prevent receiving an HK, updated game strategies such as training for blocking skills, and safety guidelines for HKs, or revisions to rules are needed. Clinical Relevance: The recent changes to competition rules promoting the use of HKs may have resulted in an increasing frequency of HKs compared with research findings before these changes. Multiple HKs occur frequently in S-TKD; care needs to be taken to avoid possible acute/chronic consequences. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

16.

Tripathi, M; Shukla, D P; Bhat, D I; Bhagavatula, I D; Mishra, T

Craniofacial injuries in professional cricket: No more a red herring Journal Article

In: Neurosurgical Focus, vol. 40, no. 4, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Tripathi2016,

title = {Craniofacial injuries in professional cricket: No more a red herring},

author = {Tripathi, M and Shukla, D P and Bhat, D I and Bhagavatula, I D and Mishra, T},

doi = {10.3171/2016.2.FOCUS15341},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Neurosurgical Focus},

volume = {40},

number = {4},

abstract = {The issue of head injury in a noncontact sport like cricket is a matter of great debate and it carries more questions than answers. Recent incidents of fatal head injuries in individuals wearing a helmet have caused some to question the protective value of the helmet. The authors discuss the pattern, type of injury, incidents, and location of cranio-facio-ocular injuries in professional cricket to date. They evaluate the history of usage of the helmet in cricket, changes in design, and the protective value, and they compare the efficacy of various sports' helmets with injury profiles similar to those in cricket. The drop test and air cannon test are compared for impact energy attenuation performance of cricket helmets. A total of 36 cases of head injuries were identified, of which 5 (14%) were fatal and 9 (22%) were career-terminating events. Batsmen are the most vulnerable to injury, bearing 86% of the burden, followed by wicketkeepers (8%) and fielders (5.5%). In 53% of cases, the ball directly hit the head, while in 19.5% of cases the ball entered the gap between the peak and the faceguard. Ocular injuries to 3 wicketkeepers proved to be career-terminating injuries. The air cannon test is a better test for evaluating cricket helmets than the drop test. Craniofacial injuries are more common than popularly believed. There is an urgent need to improve the efficacy and compliance of protective restraints in cricket. A strict injury surveillance system with universal acceptance is needed to identify the burden of injuries and modes for their prevention. © AANS, 2016.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

17.

Sharma, V K; Rango, J; Connaughton, A J; Lombardo, D J; Sabesan, V J

The current state of head and neck injuries in extreme sports Journal Article

In: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Sharma2015,

title = {The current state of head and neck injuries in extreme sports},

author = {Sharma, V K and Rango, J and Connaughton, A J and Lombardo, D J and Sabesan, V J},

doi = {10.1177/2325967114564358},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine},

volume = {3},

number = {1},

pages = {1--6},

abstract = {Background: Since their conception during the mid-1970s, international participation in extreme sports has grown rapidly. The recent death of extreme snowmobiler Caleb Moore at the 2013 Winter X Games has demonstrated the serious risks associated with these sports. Purpose: To examine the incidence and prevalence of head and neck injuries (HNIs) in extreme sports. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was used to acquire data from 7 sports (2000-2011) that were included in the Winter and Summer X Games. Data from the NEISS database were collected for each individual sport per year and type of HNI. Cumulative data for overall incidence and injuries over the entire 11-year period were calculated. National estimates were determined using NEISS-weighted calculations. Incidence rates were calculated for extreme sports using data from Outdoor Foundation Participation Reports. Results: Over 4 million injuries were reported between 2000 and 2011, of which 11.3% were HNIs. Of all HNIs, 83% were head injuries and 17% neck injuries. The 4 sports with the highest total incidence of HNI were skateboarding (129,600), snowboarding (97,527), skiing (83,313), and motocross (78,236). Severe HNI (cervical or skull fracture) accounted for 2.5% of extreme sports HNIs. Of these, skateboarding had the highest percentage of severe HNIs. Conclusion: The number of serious injuries suffered in extreme sports has increased as participation in the sports continues to grow. A greater awareness of the dangers associated with these sports offers an opportunity for sports medicine and orthopaedic physicians to advocate for safer equipment, improved on-site medical care, and further research regarding extreme sports injuries. © 2015 The Author(s).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

18.

Andelinović, M; Titlić, M; Andelinović, D

Functional Changes of P300 Values among Young Football Players as a Measure of a Cognitive Function Journal Article

In: Collegium antropologicum, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 641–645, 2015.

Abstract | BibTeX

19.

Vassilyadi, M; Macartney, G; Barrowman, N; Anderson, P; Dube, K

Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study Journal Article

In: Pediatric Neurosurgery, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 196–203, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

@article{Vassilyadi2015,

title = {Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study},

author = {Vassilyadi, M and Macartney, G and Barrowman, N and Anderson, P and Dube, K},

doi = {10.1159/000431232},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Pediatric Neurosurgery},

volume = {50},

number = {4},

pages = {196--203},

abstract = {Background: Sports are a major cause of concussions, and little is known about the symptom experience and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in children who remain symptomatic for over 3 months following such head injuries. Methods: A cross-sectional study of children aged 10-18 years was performed who were referred to the Neurosurgery Clinic at our centre following a head injury. Symptom experience was measured using the modified Concussion Symptom Scale, and HRQL was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). The Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) was administered to assess neurocognitive and neurobehavioural sequelae. Results: Symptoms with the highest mean symptom scores on a Likert scale of 0-6 in 35 children at the time of assessment included headaches (3.1), poor concentration (2.7), memory problems (2.1), fatigue (2.1) and sensitivity to noise (2.0). Compared with normative data, children in this study had ImPACT summary scores between the 28th and 38th percentiles and a comparably low Cognitive Efficiency Index score. Mean scores for females were consistently statistically significantly lower (p \< 0.05) than for males across all of the HRQL domains. Trouble falling asleep and memory problems explained 62% of the variance in the PedsQL total scores. Conclusions: Children continue to experience many symptoms at least 3 months following sport-related head injuries that significantly impact their HRQL and neurocognitive abilities. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

20.

Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S

The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head Journal Article

In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX

30 entries « ‹ 1 of 2 › »

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2017

Bailly, N; Afquir, S; Laporte, J D; Melot, A; Savary, D; Seigneuret, E; Delay, J B; Donnadieu, T; Masson, C; Arnoux, P J

Analysis of Injury Mechanisms in Head Injuries in Skiers and Snowboarders Journal Article

In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 1–10, 2017.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, head injury, Helmet, SKI, snowboard

@article{Bailly2017,

title = {Analysis of Injury Mechanisms in Head Injuries in Skiers and Snowboarders},

author = {Bailly, N and Afquir, S and Laporte, J D and Melot, A and Savary, D and Seigneuret, E and Delay, J B and Donnadieu, T and Masson, C and Arnoux, P J},

doi = {10.1249/MSS.0000000000001078},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-01-01},

journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},

volume = {49},

number = {1},

pages = {1--10},

abstract = {Purpose Mechanisms of injury and description of head impacts leading to traumatic brain injury (TBI) in skiers and snowboarders have not been extensively documented. We investigate snow sport crashes leading to TBI 1) to identify typical mechanisms leading to TBI to better target prevention measures and 2) to identify the injury mechanisms and the head impact conditions. Methods The subjects were skiers and snowboarders diagnosed of TBI and admitted between 2013 and 2015 to one of the 15 medical offices and three hospital centers involved in the study. The survey includes the description of the patients (age, sex, practice, skill level, and helmet use), the crash (type, location, estimated speed, causes, and fall description), and the injuries sustained (symptoms, head trauma scores, and other injuries). Sketches were used to describe the crash and impact locations. Clustering methods were used to distinguish profiles of injured participants. Results A total of 295 skiers and 71 snowboarders were interviewed. The most frequent type of mechanism was falls (54%), followed by collision between users (18%) and jumps (15%). Collision with obstacle (13%) caused the most serious TBI. Three categories of patients were identified. First, men age 16-25 yr are more involved in crash at high speed or in connection with a jump. Second, women, children (\<16 yr), and beginners are particularly injured in collisions between users. Third, those older than 50 yr, usually nonhelmeted, are frequently involved in falls. Ten crash scenarios were identified. Falling head first is the most frequent of skiers' falls (28%). Conclusion Crash scenarios leading to TBI were identified and associated with profiles of injured participants. Those results should help to better target TBI prevention and protection campaigns. © 2016 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},

keywords = {Concussion, head injury, Helmet, SKI, snowboard},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Zusman, E E; Zopfi, P; Kuluva, J; Zuckerman, S

Can Ideas From United States Youth Sports Reduce Judo-Related Head Injuries in Japan? Journal Article

In: World Neurosurgery, vol. 97, pp. 725–727, 2017.

Links | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, head injury, judo, Secondary impact syndrome, Soccer, traumatic brain injury, Youth sports

Collins, M W; Womble, M N

American pediatric surgical association journal of pediatric surgery lecture Journal Article

In: Journal of Pediatric Surgery, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 16–21, 2017.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, head injury, migraine, Ocular, Risk Factors, vestibular

2016

Keays, G; Friedman, D; Gagnon, I

A 20-Year Comparison of Football-Related Injuries in American and Canadian Youth Aged 6 to 17 Years: A replication study Journal Article

In: Clinical Pediatrics, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 603–613, 2016.

Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S

Considerations for the performance requirements and technical specifications of soft-shell padded headgear Journal Article

In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology, vol. 230, no. 1, pp. 29–42, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Australian football, Biomechanics, Concussion, Design, Head Injuries, head injury, headgear, Injury prevention, protective equipment, rugby, Sports

Stieg, P E; Perrine, K

Helmet Use and Traumatic Brain Injury in Snowboarding Journal Article

In: World Neurosurgery, vol. 86, pp. 65–68, 2016.

Kania, K; Shaikh, K A; White, I K; Ackerman, L L

Follow-up issues in children with mild traumatic brain injuries Journal Article

In: Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 224–230, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Acute Concussion Evaluation, Concussion, head injury, Patient Outcome Assessment, Trauma, traumatic brain injury

@article{Kania2016,

title = {Follow-up issues in children with mild traumatic brain injuries},

author = {Kania, K and Shaikh, K A and White, I K and Ackerman, L L},

doi = {10.3171/2016.1.PEDS15511},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics},

volume = {18},

number = {2},

pages = {224--230},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Concerns about mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) have increased in recent years, and neurosurgical consultation is often requested for patients with radiographic abnormalities or clinical findings suspicious for mTBI. However, to the authors' knowledge, no study has used the Acute Concussion Evaluation (ACE) tool to systematically evaluate the evolution of symptoms in patients with mTBI during neurosurgical follow-up. The goal in this study was to evaluate symptom progression in pediatric patients referred for neurosurgical consultation by using the ACE, as endorsed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of records of consecutive pediatric patients who had presented to the emergency department, were diagnosed with possible mTBI, and were referred for neurosurgical consultation. Outpatient follow-up for these patients included serial assessment using the ACE. Data collected included the mechanisms of the patients' injuries, symptoms, follow-up duration, and premorbid conditions that might potentially contribute to protracted recovery. RESULTS: Of 91 patients identified with mTBI, 58 met the inclusion criteria, and 33 of these had sufficient follow-up data to be included in the study. Mechanisms of injury included sports injury (15 patients), isolated falls (10), and motor vehicle collisions (8). Ages ranged from 5 to 17 years (mean age 11.6 years), and 29 of the 33 patients were male. Six patients had preinjury developmental and/or psychiatric diagnoses such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Seventeen had negative findings on head CT scans. The first follow-up evaluation occurred at a mean of 30 days after injury. The mean number of symptoms reported on the ACE inventory at first follow-up were 3.2; 12 patients were symptom free. Patients with positive head CT findings required longer follow-up: these patients needed 14.59 weeks, versus 7.87 weeks of follow-up in patients with negative findings on head CT scans (p \< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest that patients with mTBI, particularly those with developmental and/or psychiatric comorbidities and concurrent cerebral or extracranial injury, often report symptoms for several weeks after their initial injury. Serial ACE assessment permits systematic identification of patients who are experiencing continued symptoms, leading to appropriate patient management and referral. ©AANS, 2016.},

keywords = {Acute Concussion Evaluation, Concussion, head injury, Patient Outcome Assessment, Trauma, traumatic brain injury},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Brett, Benjamin L; Smyk, Nathan; Solomon, Gary; Baughman, Brandon C; Schatz, Philip

Long-term Stability and Reliability of Baseline Cognitive Assessments in High School Athletes Using ImPACT at 1-, 2-, and 3-year Test-Retest Intervals Journal Article

In: Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 904–914, 2016, ISBN: 08876177.

@article{Brett2016,

title = {Long-term Stability and Reliability of Baseline Cognitive Assessments in High School Athletes Using ImPACT at 1-, 2-, and 3-year Test-Retest Intervals},

author = {Brett, Benjamin L and Smyk, Nathan and Solomon, Gary and Baughman, Brandon C and Schatz, Philip},

doi = {10.1093/arclin/acw055},

isbn = {08876177},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology},

volume = {31},

number = {8},

pages = {904--914},

abstract = {Objective: The ImPACT (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing) neurocognitive testing battery is a widely used tool used for the assessment and management of sports-related concussion. Research on the stability of ImPACT in high school athletes at a 1- and 2-year intervals have been inconsistent, requiring further investigation. We documented 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest reliability of repeated ImPACT baseline assessments in a sample of high school athletes, using multiple statistical methods for examining stability. Methods: A total of 1,510 high school athletes completed baseline cognitive testing using online ImPACT test battery at three time periods of approximately 1- (N = 250), 2- (N = 1146), and 3-year (N = 114) intervals. No participant sustained a concussion between assessments. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranged in composite scores from 0.36 to 0.90 and showed little change as intervals between assessments increased. Reliable change indices and regression-based measures (RBMs) examining the test-retest stability demonstrated a lack of significant change in composite scores across the various time intervals, with very few cases (0%-6%) falling outside of 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: The results suggest ImPACT composites scores remain considerably stability across 1-, 2-, and 3-year test-retest intervals in high school athletes, when considering both ICCs and RBM. Annually ascertaining baseline scores continues to be optimal for ensuring accurate and individualized management of injury for concussed athletes. For instances in which more recent baselines are not available (1-2 years), clinicians should seek to utilize more conservative range estimates in determining the presence of clinically meaningful change in cognitive performance.},

keywords = {assessment, Childhood brain insult, Cognitive Ability, COGNITIVE testing, head injury, HIGH school athletes, Intraclass correlation, Norms/normative studies, Practice effects/reliable change, psychology, STATISTICAL reliability, Test construction, traumatic brain injury},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

O'Sullivan, D; Fife, G P; Pieter, W; Lim, T; Shin, I

Resultant linear acceleration of an instrumented head form does not differ between junior and collegiate taekwondo athletes' kicks Journal Article

In: Journal of Sport and Health Science, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 226–230, 2016.

Keener, A B

Tackling the brain: Clues emerge about the pathology of sports-related brain trauma Journal Article

In: Nature Medicine, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 326–329, 2016.

Leddy, J J; Baker, J G; Willer, B

Active Rehabilitation of Concussion and Post-concussion Syndrome Journal Article

In: Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Clinics of North America, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 437–454, 2016.

Ojo, J O; Mouzon, B C; Crawford, F

Repetitive head trauma, chronic traumatic encephalopathy and tau: Challenges in translating from mice to men Journal Article

In: Experimental Neurology, vol. 275, pp. 389–404, 2016.

@article{Ojo2016,

title = {Repetitive head trauma, chronic traumatic encephalopathy and tau: Challenges in translating from mice to men},

author = {Ojo, J O and Mouzon, B C and Crawford, F},

doi = {10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.06.003},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Experimental Neurology},

volume = {275},

pages = {389--404},

abstract = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurological and psychiatric condition marked by preferential perivascular foci of neurofibrillary and glial tangles (composed of hyperphosphorylated-tau proteins) in the depths of the sulci. Recent retrospective case series published over the last decade on athletes and military personnel have added considerably to our clinical and histopathological knowledge of CTE. This has marked a vital turning point in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) field, raising public awareness of the potential long-term effects of mild and moderate repetitive TBI, which has been recognized as one of the major risk factors associated with CTE. Although these human studies have been informative, their retrospective design carries certain inherent limitations that should be cautiously interpreted. In particular, the current overriding issue in the CTE literature remains confusing in regard to appropriate definitions of terminology, variability in individual pathologies and the potential case selection bias in autopsy based studies. There are currently no epidemiological or prospective studies on CTE. Controlled preclinical studies in animals therefore provide an alternative means for specifically interrogating aspects of CTE pathogenesis. In this article, we review the current literature and discuss difficulties and challenges of developing in-vivo TBI experimental paradigms to explore the link between repetitive head trauma and tau-dependent changes. We provide our current opinion list of recommended features to consider for successfully modeling CTE in animals to better understand the pathobiology and develop therapeutics and diagnostics, and critical factors, which might influence outcome. We finally discuss the possible directions of future experimental research in the repetitive TBI/CTE field. © 2015 Elsevier Inc..},

keywords = {amyloid beta protein, animal, Animal models, Animals, Astroglial tangles, Brain Injury, cell activation, Chronic, complication, Concussion, Craniocerebral Trauma, CTE, diffuse axonal injury, disease duration, disease model, Disease Models, genetic predisposition, gliosis, head injury, hippocampus, human, Humans, lifestyle modification, lithium, metabolism, Mice, microglia, minocycline, mouse, nervous system inflammation, Neurobehaviour, Neurofibrillary tangles, neuropathology, nonhuman, pathogenesis, pathology, priority journal, procedures, protein aggregation, protein analysis, protein blood level, protein cleavage, Repetitive TBI, Review, sex difference, stress activated protein kinase inhibitor, Systematic Review, Tau, tau protein, tau Proteins, Transgenic mice, Translational Medical Research, translational research, traumatic brain injury, trends},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Malloch-Brown, K; Mc Fie, S; Brown, J; Viljoen, W; Readhead, C

Concussion return-to-play behaviour of South African Rugby Union (SA Rugby) Youth Week players: a pilot study Journal Article

In: South African Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 43–45, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: behavior, CONCUSSION policies, football, head injury, Injury management, Medical clearance, Rugby football players, SOUTH Africa, Youth

Beiske, K K; Kostov, K H; Kostov, H

Rhythmic midtemporal discharge in a youth during light sleep Journal Article

In: Neurodiagnostic Journal, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 32–36, 2016.

Jae-Ok, K; Voaklander, D

Effects of Competition Rule Changes on the Incidence of Head Kicks and Possible Concussions in Taekwondo Journal Article

In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 239–244, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Concussion, head injury, rule change, taekwondo

@article{Jae-Ok2016,

title = {Effects of Competition Rule Changes on the Incidence of Head Kicks and Possible Concussions in Taekwondo},

author = {Jae-Ok, K and Voaklander, D},

doi = {10.1097/JSM.0000000000000244},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},

volume = {26},

number = {3},

pages = {239--244},

abstract = {Objective: Competition rules related to head kicks (HKs) in sparing-taekwondo (S-TKD) were changed in 2009, resulting in more points awarded to the head attacker. The objective of this research is to measure the incidence of HKs and to analyze the characteristics of situations leading up to and after HKs in a postrule change competition. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study using video analysis. Setting: The final matches of the World Taekwondo Championships (WTCs) in 2011 and 2013. Participants: A total of 1760 athletes participated in both WTCs. Sixty-four athletes, who had won elimination-round matches and were 15 years or older, competed in final matches. Main Outcome Measures: The final matches - a total of 64 matches including 95 rounds - were analyzed using an anatomical and outcome coding scheme for HKs. Results: Overall, a total of 30 athletes experienced receiving one or more HKs during 2 WTCs (469 HKs per 1000 athlete-exposures (A-E), 95% confidence interval = 296, 642). Female athletes showed higher incidences of HKs than male. A trend of increasing incidence of HKs was observed in the females. The HKs occurred more frequently among competitors in lightweight categories and those of similar height (49%). Conclusions: Overall, the frequency of HKs seems to have increased compared with matches before 2009. A sharp increase in the numbers of HKs is evident among the elite female athletes. To prevent receiving an HK, updated game strategies such as training for blocking skills, and safety guidelines for HKs, or revisions to rules are needed. Clinical Relevance: The recent changes to competition rules promoting the use of HKs may have resulted in an increasing frequency of HKs compared with research findings before these changes. Multiple HKs occur frequently in S-TKD; care needs to be taken to avoid possible acute/chronic consequences. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {Concussion, head injury, rule change, taekwondo},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Tripathi, M; Shukla, D P; Bhat, D I; Bhagavatula, I D; Mishra, T

Craniofacial injuries in professional cricket: No more a red herring Journal Article

In: Neurosurgical Focus, vol. 40, no. 4, 2016.

Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Ball, Batsman, Concussion, Cricket, head injury, Helmet, Protective gears

@article{Tripathi2016,

title = {Craniofacial injuries in professional cricket: No more a red herring},

author = {Tripathi, M and Shukla, D P and Bhat, D I and Bhagavatula, I D and Mishra, T},

doi = {10.3171/2016.2.FOCUS15341},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Neurosurgical Focus},

volume = {40},

number = {4},

abstract = {The issue of head injury in a noncontact sport like cricket is a matter of great debate and it carries more questions than answers. Recent incidents of fatal head injuries in individuals wearing a helmet have caused some to question the protective value of the helmet. The authors discuss the pattern, type of injury, incidents, and location of cranio-facio-ocular injuries in professional cricket to date. They evaluate the history of usage of the helmet in cricket, changes in design, and the protective value, and they compare the efficacy of various sports' helmets with injury profiles similar to those in cricket. The drop test and air cannon test are compared for impact energy attenuation performance of cricket helmets. A total of 36 cases of head injuries were identified, of which 5 (14%) were fatal and 9 (22%) were career-terminating events. Batsmen are the most vulnerable to injury, bearing 86% of the burden, followed by wicketkeepers (8%) and fielders (5.5%). In 53% of cases, the ball directly hit the head, while in 19.5% of cases the ball entered the gap between the peak and the faceguard. Ocular injuries to 3 wicketkeepers proved to be career-terminating injuries. The air cannon test is a better test for evaluating cricket helmets than the drop test. Craniofacial injuries are more common than popularly believed. There is an urgent need to improve the efficacy and compliance of protective restraints in cricket. A strict injury surveillance system with universal acceptance is needed to identify the burden of injuries and modes for their prevention. © AANS, 2016.},

keywords = {Ball, Batsman, Concussion, Cricket, head injury, Helmet, Protective gears},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

2015

Sharma, V K; Rango, J; Connaughton, A J; Lombardo, D J; Sabesan, V J

The current state of head and neck injuries in extreme sports Journal Article

In: Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2015.

@article{Sharma2015,

title = {The current state of head and neck injuries in extreme sports},

author = {Sharma, V K and Rango, J and Connaughton, A J and Lombardo, D J and Sabesan, V J},

doi = {10.1177/2325967114564358},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine},

volume = {3},

number = {1},

pages = {1--6},

abstract = {Background: Since their conception during the mid-1970s, international participation in extreme sports has grown rapidly. The recent death of extreme snowmobiler Caleb Moore at the 2013 Winter X Games has demonstrated the serious risks associated with these sports. Purpose: To examine the incidence and prevalence of head and neck injuries (HNIs) in extreme sports. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was used to acquire data from 7 sports (2000-2011) that were included in the Winter and Summer X Games. Data from the NEISS database were collected for each individual sport per year and type of HNI. Cumulative data for overall incidence and injuries over the entire 11-year period were calculated. National estimates were determined using NEISS-weighted calculations. Incidence rates were calculated for extreme sports using data from Outdoor Foundation Participation Reports. Results: Over 4 million injuries were reported between 2000 and 2011, of which 11.3% were HNIs. Of all HNIs, 83% were head injuries and 17% neck injuries. The 4 sports with the highest total incidence of HNI were skateboarding (129,600), snowboarding (97,527), skiing (83,313), and motocross (78,236). Severe HNI (cervical or skull fracture) accounted for 2.5% of extreme sports HNIs. Of these, skateboarding had the highest percentage of severe HNIs. Conclusion: The number of serious injuries suffered in extreme sports has increased as participation in the sports continues to grow. A greater awareness of the dangers associated with these sports offers an opportunity for sports medicine and orthopaedic physicians to advocate for safer equipment, improved on-site medical care, and further research regarding extreme sports injuries. © 2015 The Author(s).},

keywords = {Article, AWARENESS, Concussion, Concussions, EPIDEMIOLOGY, extreme sport, Extreme sports, fracture, Head and neck injuries, head and neck injury, head injury, human, Incidence, laceration, major clinical study, neck injury, physician, Prevalence, priority journal, quality of life, skateboarding, skiing, telephone interview},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Andelinović, M; Titlić, M; Andelinović, D

Functional Changes of P300 Values among Young Football Players as a Measure of a Cognitive Function Journal Article

In: Collegium antropologicum, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 641–645, 2015.

Vassilyadi, M; Macartney, G; Barrowman, N; Anderson, P; Dube, K

Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study Journal Article

In: Pediatric Neurosurgery, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 196–203, 2015.

@article{Vassilyadi2015,

title = {Symptom experience and quality of life in children after sport-related head injuries: A cross-sectional study},

author = {Vassilyadi, M and Macartney, G and Barrowman, N and Anderson, P and Dube, K},

doi = {10.1159/000431232},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Pediatric Neurosurgery},

volume = {50},

number = {4},

pages = {196--203},

abstract = {Background: Sports are a major cause of concussions, and little is known about the symptom experience and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in children who remain symptomatic for over 3 months following such head injuries. Methods: A cross-sectional study of children aged 10-18 years was performed who were referred to the Neurosurgery Clinic at our centre following a head injury. Symptom experience was measured using the modified Concussion Symptom Scale, and HRQL was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). The Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT) was administered to assess neurocognitive and neurobehavioural sequelae. Results: Symptoms with the highest mean symptom scores on a Likert scale of 0-6 in 35 children at the time of assessment included headaches (3.1), poor concentration (2.7), memory problems (2.1), fatigue (2.1) and sensitivity to noise (2.0). Compared with normative data, children in this study had ImPACT summary scores between the 28th and 38th percentiles and a comparably low Cognitive Efficiency Index score. Mean scores for females were consistently statistically significantly lower (p \< 0.05) than for males across all of the HRQL domains. Trouble falling asleep and memory problems explained 62% of the variance in the PedsQL total scores. Conclusions: Children continue to experience many symptoms at least 3 months following sport-related head injuries that significantly impact their HRQL and neurocognitive abilities. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.},

keywords = {Adolescent, adult, affect, Article, Athletic Injuries, behavior disorder, brain concussion, Child, clinical article, clinical assessment, cognitive defect, Cognitive Efficiency Index, complication, Concussion, Concussion Symptom Scale, controlled study, Craniocerebral Trauma, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, fatigue, Female, head injury, headache, human, Humans, Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive, Likert scale, Male, memory disorder, mild traumatic brain injury, neuropsychological test, noise, Paediatric patients, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, psychology, quality of life, rating scale, scoring system, Sport, sport injury, Sports, symptom, time factor, Time Factors, traumatic brain injury, trends},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S

The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head Journal Article

In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.

@article{Patton2015,

title = {The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head},

author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S and Kleiven, S},

doi = {10.1123/jab.2014-0223},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},

volume = {31},

number = {4},

pages = {264--268},

abstract = {Biomechanical studies of concussions have progressed from qualitative observations of head impacts to physical and numerical reconstructions, direct impact measurements, and finite element analyses. Supplementary to a previous study, which investigated maximum principal strain, the current study used a detailed finite element head model to simulate unhelmeted concussion and no-injury head impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of various tissue-level brain injury predictors: strain rate, product of strain and strain rate, cumulative strain damage measure, von Mises stress, and intracranial pressure. Von Mises stress was found to be the most effective predictor of concussion. It was also found that the thalamus and corpus callosum were brain regions with strong associations with concussion. Tentative tolerance limits for tissue-level predictors were proposed in an attempt to broaden the understanding of unhelmeted concussions. For the thalamus, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 2.24 kPa, 24.0 s-1, and 2.49 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. For the corpus callosum, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 3.51 kPa, 25.1 s-1, and 2.76 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.},

keywords = {Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Brown, J C; Viljoen, W; Lambert, M I; Readhead, C; Fuller, C; Van Mechelen, W; Verhagen, E

The economic burden of time-loss injuries to youth players participating in week-long rugby union tournaments Journal Article

In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 394–399, 2015.

@article{Brown2015b,

title = {The economic burden of time-loss injuries to youth players participating in week-long rugby union tournaments},

author = {Brown, J C and Viljoen, W and Lambert, M I and Readhead, C and Fuller, C and {Van Mechelen}, W and Verhagen, E},

doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2014.06.015},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},

volume = {18},

number = {4},

pages = {394--399},

abstract = {Objectives: Rugby Union ("rugby") is a popular sport with high injury risk. Burden of injury is described by the incidence and severity of injury. However reports have ignored the monetary cost of injuries. Therefore the aim of this study was to describe the monetary cost associated with youth rugby injuries. Design: This descriptive study quantified medical treatments of injured players at the South African Rugby Union Youth tournaments in 2011/2012 and the days of work parents missed as a result of the injuries. A health insurer used these data to calculate associated costs. Methods: Legal guardians of the 421 injured players were contacted telephonically on a weekly basis until they returned to play. Treatments costs were estimated in South African Rands based on 2013 insurance rates and converted to US$ using purchasing power parities. Results: Of the 3652 players, 2% (n=71) sought medical care after the tournament. For these players, average treatment costs were high (US$731 per player, 95% CI: US$425-US$1096), with fractures being the most expensive type of injury. Players with medical insurance had higher costs (US$937, 95% CI: US$486-US$1500) than those without (US$220, 95% CI: US$145-US$302). Conclusions: Although a minority of players sought follow-up treatment after the tournaments, the cost of these injuries was high. Players without medical insurance having lower costs may indicate that these players did not receive adequate treatment for their injuries. Injury prevention efforts should consider injuries with high costs and the treatment of players without medical insurance. © 2014 Sports Medicine Australia.},

keywords = {Absenteeism, Adolescent, adult, Article, Athletic Injuries, Back Injuries, biokinetics, bone, Child, competition, Concussion, contusion, Craniocerebral Trauma, economic evaluation, economics, follow up, football, Football/economics, Football/economics/cost analysis, Football/injuries (MeSH terms), fracture, Fractures, head injury, Health, health care cost, Health Care Costs, health insurance, human, Humans, Injuries, injury, injury scale, Insurance, laceration, legal guardian, Lower Extremity, lower limb, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL care, muscle cramp, muscle strain, Neck Injuries, neck injury, Occupational Therapy, Parent, physical medicine, physiotherapy, radiodiagnosis, rugby, skin bruising, SOUTH Africa, sport injury, Trauma Severity Indices, Upper Extremity, upper limb, Wounds and Injuries},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Characteristics of pediatric and adolescent concussion clinic patients with postconcussion amnesia Journal Article

In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 502–508, 2015.

@article{Register-Mihalik2015,

title = {Characteristics of pediatric and adolescent concussion clinic patients with postconcussion amnesia},

author = {Register-Mihalik, J K and {De Maio}, V J and Tibbo-Valeriote, H L and Wooten, J D},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},

volume = {25},

number = {6},

pages = {502--508},

abstract = {Objective: The current study examines the demographics, injury characteristics, and outcomes associated with the presence of postconcussion amnesia in young concussion clinic patients. Design: Cross-sectional, retrospective clinical cohort. Setting: Concussion services clinic. Patients: Pediatric and adolescent concussion services program patients, presenting within 10 days postinjury, aged 10-18 years, with the goal of returning to sport (n = 245). Assessment of Risk Factors: Age, gender, race, head trauma history, injury mechanism, loss of consciousness (LOC), injuryrelated visit to an emergency department, cognitive and balance scores, symptoms, and management recommendations. Main Outcome Measures: Univariate and multivariate analyses determined adjusted odds ratios for reported presence of any postconcussion amnesia (anterograde or retrograde). Results: Factors associated with amnesia (univariate, P \< 0.10) and included in the multivariate model were race, head trauma history, mechanism of injury, LOC, injury-related visit to an emergency department, management recommendations and time of injury and initial visit symptom severity. Age and gender were also included in the model due to biological significance. Of the 245 patients, 181 had data for all model variables. Of the 181 patients, 58 reported amnesia. History of head trauma [odds ratio (OR), 2.7; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.3-5.7]; time of injury (TOI) symptom severity \>75th percentile (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2-5.3) and LOC (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.6) were found to have significant and independent relationships with amnesia in the multivariate model. Conclusions: This study illustrates that patients presenting with postconcussion amnesia are more likely to have a history of head trauma, LOC, and greater symptom severity. Future research is needed to better understand amnesia following concussion. Clinical Relevance: Amnesia presence, previous head trauma, LOC, and increased symptom severity may aid in identifying patients with a greater initial injury burden who warrant closer observation and more conservative management. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},

keywords = {Adolescent, adult, amnesia, anamnesis, Article, brain concussion, Child, complication, Concussion, Concussive injury, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, Demography, disease severity, emergency ward, ethnology, Female, head injury, human, Humans, major clinical study, Male, MEDICAL history taking, Memory, ODDS ratio, outcome assessment, postconcussion symptoms, priority journal, race, Retrospective Studies, retrospective study, Risk, risk factor, Risk Factors, unconsciousness},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Dematteo, Carol; Volterman, Kimberly A; Breithaupt, Peter G; Claridge, Everett A; Adamich, John; Timmons, Brian W

Exertion Testing in Youth with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion Journal Article

In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2283–2290, 2015, ISBN: 01959131.

@article{Dematteo2015b,

title = {Exertion Testing in Youth with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury/Concussion},

author = {Dematteo, Carol and Volterman, Kimberly A and Breithaupt, Peter G and Claridge, Everett A and Adamich, John and Timmons, Brian W},

isbn = {01959131},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},

volume = {47},

number = {11},

pages = {2283--2290},

abstract = {Purpose: The decision regarding return to activity (RTA) after mild traumatic brain injuries/concussion is one of the most difficult and controversial areas in concussion management, particularly for youth. This study investigated how youth with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) are affected by exertion and whether standardized exertion testing using the McMaster All-Out Progressive Continuous Cycling Test can contribute to clinical decision making for safe RTA. Methods: Fifty-four youth (8.5-18.3 yr) with a previously confirmed concussion participated in the study. Each participant performed exertion testing on a cycle ergometer and completed a Postconcussion Symptom scale at the following time points: before exertion (baseline), 5 and 30 min, and 24 h after exertion. A modified Postconcussion Symptom scale was administered at 2-min intervals during exertion. Results: Participants had a mean T SD symptom duration of 6.3 T 6.9 months after the most recent concussive injury, with a median of 4.1 months (range, 0.7-35 months). Sixty-three percent of participants had symptoms during exertion testing. Symptom profile (number and severity) significantly affected perception of exertion at 50% peak mechanical power. During acute assessment of symptoms (30-min after exertion), headache (P = 0.39), nausea (P = 0.63), and dizziness (P = 0.35) did not change. However, both the number and severity of symptoms significantly improved over 24 h, with 56.8% of youth showing improvements. The time from the most recent injury had a significant effect on the symptom score at baseline, 30 min after exertion, and 24 h after exertion. Conclusions: Exertion testing has an important role in the evaluation of symptoms and readiness to RTA, particularly in youth who are slow to recover. Overall, controlled exertion seemed to lesson symptoms for most youth. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR},

keywords = {*BRAIN -- Concussion, *BRAIN -- Wounds \&amp; injuries, *EXERCISE, *EXERCISE tests, *POSTCONCUSSION syndrome, *SPORTS participation, ADOLESCENCE, adolescents, brain concussion, children, DATA analysis, DATA analysis -- Software, DECISION making in clinical medicine, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, head injury, MULTIPLE regression analysis, ONE-way analysis of variance, postconcussion syndrome, RESEARCH -- Finance, Return to Play, SAMPLING (Statistics), STATISTICS},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

De Matteo, C; Volterman, K A; Breithaupt, P G; Claridge, E A; Adamich, J; Timmons, B W

Exertion testing in youth with mild traumatic brain injury/concussion Journal Article

In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 2283–2290, 2015.

@article{DeMatteo2015,

title = {Exertion testing in youth with mild traumatic brain injury/concussion},

author = {{De Matteo}, C and Volterman, K A and Breithaupt, P G and Claridge, E A and Adamich, J and Timmons, B W},

doi = {10.1249/MSS.0000000000000682},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Medicine \& Science in Sports \& Exercise},

volume = {47},

number = {11},

pages = {2283--2290},

abstract = {Purpose The decision regarding return to activity (RTA) after mild traumatic brain injuries/concussion is one of the most difficult and controversial areas in concussion management, particularly for youth. This study investigated how youth with postconcussion syndrome (PCS) are affected by exertion and whether standardized exertion testing using the McMaster All-Out Progressive Continuous Cycling Test can contribute to clinical decision making for safe RTA. Methods Fifty-four youth (8.5-18.3 yr) with a previously confirmed concussion participated in the study. Each participant performed exertion testing on a cycle ergometer and completed a Postconcussion Symptom scale at the following time points: before exertion (baseline), 5 and 30 min, and 24 h after exertion. A modified Postconcussion Symptom scale was administered at 2-min intervals during exertion. Results Participants had a mean ± SD symptom duration of 6.3 ± 6.9 months after the most recent concussive injury, with a median of 4.1 months (range, 0.7-35 months). Sixty-three percent of participants had symptoms during exertion testing. Symptom profile (number and severity) significantly affected perception of exertion at 50% peak mechanical power. During acute assessment of symptoms (30-min after exertion), headache (P = 0.39), nausea (P = 0.63), and dizziness (P = 0.35) did not change. However, both the number and severity of symptoms significantly improved over 24 h, with 56.8% of youth showing improvements. The time from the most recent injury had a significant effect on the symptom score at baseline, 30 min after exertion, and 24 h after exertion. Conclusions Exertion testing has an important role in the evaluation of symptoms and readiness to RTA, particularly in youth who are slow to recover. Overall, controlled exertion seemed to lesson symptoms for most youth. © 2015 by the American College of Sports Medicine.},

keywords = {Adolescent, adolescents, brain concussion, Child, children, Cross-Sectional Studies, cross-sectional study, exercise, exercise test, exercise tolerance, Female, head injury, human, Humans, Male, Pathophysiology, Physical Exertion, Post-Concussion Syndrome, postconcussion syndrome, Return to Play, return to sport, time factor, Time Factors},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Timpka, T; Jacobsson, J; Ekberg, J; Finch, C F; Bichenbach, J; Edouard, P; Bargoria, V; Branco, P; Alonso, J M

In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 643–650, 2015.

@article{Timpka2015,

title = {Meta-narrative analysis of sports injury reporting practices based on the Injury Definitions Concept Framework (IDCF): A review of consensus statements and epidemiological studies in athletics (track and field)},

author = {Timpka, T and Jacobsson, J and Ekberg, J and Finch, C F and Bichenbach, J and Edouard, P and Bargoria, V and Branco, P and Alonso, J M},

doi = {10.1016/j.jsams.2014.11.393},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},

volume = {18},

number = {6},

pages = {643--650},

abstract = {Objectives: Consistency in routines for reporting injury has been a focus of development efforts in sports epidemiology for a long time. To gain an improved understanding of current reporting practices, we applied the Injury Definitions Concept Framework (IDCF) in a review of injury reporting in a subset of the field. Design: Meta-narrative review. Methods: An analysis of injury definitions reported in consensus statements for different sports and studies of injury epidemiology in athletics (track and field) published in PubMed between 1980 and 2013 was performed. Separate narratives for each of the three reporting contexts in the IDCF were constructed from the data. Results: Six consensus statements and 14 studies reporting on athletics injury epidemiology fulfilled the selection criteria. The narratives on sports performance, clinical examination, and athlete self-report contexts were evenly represented in the eligible studies. The sports performance and athlete self-report narratives covered both professional and community athletes as well as training and competition settings. In the clinical examination narrative, data collection by health service professionals was linked to studies of professional athletes at international championships. Conclusions: From an application of the IDCF in a review of injury reporting in sports epidemiology we observed a parallel usage of reporting contexts in this field of research. The co-existence of reporting methodologies does not necessarily reflect a problematic situation, but only provided that firm precautions are taken when comparing studies performed in the different contexts. © 2014 Sports Medicine Australia.},

keywords = {accident, athletic performance, clinical examination, competition, Concussion, Consensus, Epidemiologic Methods, epidemiological data, EPIDEMIOLOGY, football, head injury, health service, human, Humans, information processing, Injuries, Medline, meta analysis, METHODOLOGY, musculoskeletal disease, neck injury, nomenclature, Overuse injuries, physical education, procedures, Qualitative methods, Research Design, Review, self report, sport injury, Sports epidemiology, sports injury, SPORTS medicine, Systematic Review, tennis, Terminology, Terminology as Topic, track and field, training},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Billock, R M; Anderegg, J J; Mehan, T J; Chounthirath, T; Smith, G A

In: American Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 1745–1749, 2015.

@article{Billock2015,

title = {Zipline-related injuries treated in US EDs, 1997-2012},

author = {Billock, R M and Anderegg, J J and Mehan, T J and Chounthirath, T and Smith, G A},

doi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2015.08.022},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {American Journal of Emergency Medicine},

volume = {33},

number = {12},

pages = {1745--1749},

abstract = {Purpose To investigate the epidemiology of zipline-related injuries in the United States. Basic Procedures The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database was used to examine non-fatal zipline-related injuries treated in US emergency departments (EDs) from 1997 through 2012. Sample weights were applied to calculate national estimates. Main Findings From 1997 through 2012, an estimated 16 850 (95% CI, 13 188-20 512) zipline-related injuries were treated in US EDs. The annual injury rate per 1 million population increased by 52.3% from 7.64 (95% CI, 4.86-10.42) injuries in 2009 (the first year with a stable annual estimate) to 11.64 (95% CI, 7.83-15.45) injuries in 2012. Patients aged 0-9 years accounted for 45.0% of injuries, females made up 53.1% of injuries, and 11.7% of patients required hospitalization. Fractures accounted for the largest proportion of injuries (46.7%), and the upper extremities were the most commonly injured body region (44.1%). Falls were the most common mechanism of injury, accounting for 77.3% of injuries. Among cases where the location of the injury event was known, 30.8% of injuries occurred in a residential setting and 69.2% occurred in a public place. Principal Conclusions This study is the first to characterize the epidemiology of zipline-related injuries using a nationally representative database. The rapid increase in zipline-related injuries in recent years suggests the need for additional safety guidelines and regulations. Commercial ziplines and publicly accessible non-commercial ziplines should be subject to uniform safety standards in all states and jurisdictions across the US, and homemade ziplines should not be used. © 2015 Elsevier Inc.},

keywords = {Accidental Falls, Adolescent, adult, arm fracture, Article, body regions, Child, Concussion, emergency health service, Emergency Service, emergency ward, EPIDEMIOLOGY, falling, Female, head and neck injury, head injury, Hospital, hospitalization, human, Humans, Infant, leg injury, major clinical study, Male, Newborn, Preschool, preschool child, priority journal, recreation, residential area, SAFETY, soft tissue injury, sport injury, sprain, statistics and numerical data, trunk injury, UNITED States, Wounds and Injuries, Young Adult, zipline related injury},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Alworth, M; Bond, M C; Brady, W J

The sports medicine literature 2013 Journal Article

In: American Journal of Emergency Medicine, vol. 33, no. 9, pp. 1283–1287, 2015.

2014

Tauopathy PET and amyloid PET in the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathies: Studies of a retired NFL player and of a man with FTD and a severe head injury Journal Article

In: Translational Psychiatry, vol. 4, no. 9, 2014.

@article{Mitsis2014,

title = {Tauopathy PET and amyloid PET in the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathies: Studies of a retired NFL player and of a man with FTD and a severe head injury},

author = {Mitsis, E M and Riggio, S and Kostakoglu, L and Dickstein, D L and Machac, J and Delman, B and Goldstein, M and Jennings, D and D'Antonio, E and Martin, J and Naidich, T P and Aloysi, A and Fernandez, C and Seibyl, J and DeKosky, S T and Elder, G A and Marek, K and Gordon, W and Hof, P R and Sano, M and Gandy, S},

url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84918535750\&partnerID=40\&md5=704b918a7429432cbd631e703c44eb63},

doi = {10.1038/tp.2014.91},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Translational Psychiatry},

volume = {4},

number = {9},

abstract = {Single, severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) which elevates CNS amyloid, increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD); while repetitive concussive and subconcussive events as observed in athletes and military personnel, may increase the risk of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). We describe two clinical cases, one with a history of multiple concussions during a career in the National Football League (NFL) and the second with frontotemporal dementia and a single, severe TBI. Both patients presented with cognitive decline and underwent [18F]-Florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET) imaging for amyloid plaques; the retired NFL player also underwent [18F]-T807 PET imaging, a new ligand binding to tau, the main constituent of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). Case 1, the former NFL player, was 71 years old when he presented with memory impairment and a clinical profile highly similar to AD. [18F]-Florbetapir PET imaging was negative, essentially excluding AD as a diagnosis. CTE was suspected clinically, and [18F]-T807 PET imaging revealed striatal and nigral [18F]-T807 retention consistent with the presence of tauopathy. Case 2 was a 56- year-old man with personality changes and cognitive decline who had sustained a fall complicated by a subdural hematoma. At 1 year post injury, [18F]-Florbetapir PET imaging was negative for an AD pattern of amyloid accumulation in this subject. Focal [18F]- Florbetapir retention was noted at the site of impact. In case 1, amyloid imaging provided improved diagnostic accuracy where standard clinical and laboratory criteria were inadequate. In that same case, tau imaging with [18F]-T807 revealed a subcortical tauopathy that we interpret as a novel form of CTE with a distribution of tauopathy that mimics, to some extent, that of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), despite a clinical presentation of amnesia without any movement disorder complaints or signs. A key distinguishing feature is that our patient presented with hippocampal involvement, which is more frequently seen in CTE than in PSP. In case 2, focal [18F]-Florbetapir retention at the site of injury in an otherwise negative scan suggests focal amyloid aggregation. In each of these complex cases, a combination of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose, [18F]-Florbetapir and/or [18F]-T807 PET molecular imaging improved the accuracy of diagnosis and prevented inappropriate interventions. © 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited.},

keywords = {adult, aged, amyloid plaque, arachnoid cyst, Article, case report, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy florbetapir f 18, Concussion, diagnostic accuracy, eye movement, football, frontotemporal dementia, head injury, human, injury severity, ligand binding, Male, memory disorder, middle aged, molecular imaging, motor dysfunction, muscle tone, personality disorder, positron emission tomography, short term memory, subdural hematoma, tauopathy, traumatic brain injury},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

Antonius, D; Mathew, N; Picano, J; Hinds, A; Cogswell, A; Olympia, J; Brooks, T; Di Giacomo, M; Baker, J; Willer, B; Leddy, J

Behavioral health symptoms associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A critical review of the literature and recommendations for treatment and research Journal Article

In: Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 313–322, 2014.

@article{Antonius2014,

title = {Behavioral health symptoms associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy: A critical review of the literature and recommendations for treatment and research},

author = {Antonius, D and Mathew, N and Picano, J and Hinds, A and Cogswell, A and Olympia, J and Brooks, T and {Di Giacomo}, M and Baker, J and Willer, B and Leddy, J},

url = {http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84920996232\&partnerID=40\&md5=cb8a1deab38101900f8d7a8ac0b7a80c},

year  = {2014},

date = {2014-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences},

volume = {26},

number = {4},

pages = {313--322},

abstract = {Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative syndrome that has been linked to serious psychiatric symptoms, including depression, aggression, and suicidal behavior. This review critically examines the extant research on the behavioral manifestations of CTE and concludes that the paucity of longitudinal prospective studies on CTE, combined with a lack of research-accepted diagnostic criteria for identifying individuals who are considered at risk for CTE, makes it difficult to reliably establish a causal relationship between CTE and the onset of behavioral health problems. Selection and reporting bias and inconsistency in data collection methods are other concerns. To advance the field, there is a critical need for more empirical research on the behavioral manifestations of CTE. Recommendations and intervention models are also discussed. © 2014 American Psychiatric Association.},

keywords = {Aggression, anxiety disorder, apathy, Article, behavior change, behavior disorder, brain concussion, buspirone, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy beta adrenergic r, cingulate gyrus, degenerative disease, depression, euphoria, head injury, human, hypersexuality, impulse control disorder, mental disease, mental instability, mood change, nerve degeneration, neurofibrillary tangle, olanzapine, parahippocampal gyrus, personality disorder, postconcussion syndrome, posttraumatic stress disorder, priority journal, serotonin uptake inhibitor, sexual behavior, suicidal behavior, traumatic brain injury},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

2003

McIntosh, Andrew S

Helmets and head protection for the athlete as a means to prevent injury Journal Article

In: International Sportmed Journal, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2003, ISBN: 15283356.

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