Arya, V; Chigurupati, R
Treatment Algorithm for Intracranial Intrusion Injuries of the Mandibular Condyle Journal Article
In: Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 569–581, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accidents, age, Age Factors, algorithm, ALGORITHMS, Article, assault, brain concussion, brain hematoma, Brain Injuries, clinical protocol, Clinical Protocols, condylar intrusion injury, contusion, Cranial Fossa, DECISION making, Dislocations, Early Diagnosis, facial nerve paralysis, falling, fracture reduction, hearing impairment, human, Humans, Injuries, intermethod comparison, jaw disease, laceration, liquorrhea, mandible condyle, mandible fracture, Mandibular Condyle, Mandibular Fractures, Middle, middle cranial fossa, occupational accident, open reduction, sex difference, soft tissue injury, sport injury, Systematic Review, Traffic, traffic accident
@article{Arya2016,
title = {Treatment Algorithm for Intracranial Intrusion Injuries of the Mandibular Condyle},
author = {Arya, V and Chigurupati, R},
doi = {10.1016/j.joms.2015.09.033},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Oral \& Maxillofacial Surgery},
volume = {74},
number = {3},
pages = {569--581},
abstract = {Purpose Traumatic injuries of the mandible resulting in intrusion of the condyle into the middle cranial fossa are rare and treatment is often based on anecdotal experience. The objective of this study was to develop an algorithm for the management of condylar intrusion injuries by identifying factors that influenced the treatment decision of closed versus open reduction of the condyle. Materials and Methods This study was a systematic review of the literature on intracranial intrusion injuries of the mandibular condyle. A thorough search of the PubMed and Cochrane databases and individual maxillofacial and craniofacial journal databases was conducted using the Medical Subject Heading terms condylar impaction, condylar dislocation, condylar intrusion, and middle cranial fossa and condyle without date and language restriction. Quantitative data on the patient's age, gender, etiology of injury, and time from injury to diagnosis were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The authors studied how the predictor variables of age, etiology, time from injury to diagnosis, and associated neurologic injuries influenced the outcome variable of closed versus open reduction of the condyle. Results Forty-eight of the 62 retrieved case reports, case series, and review articles were published in the English-language literature from 1963 to 2015. Data on 51 patients with these injuries showed that 38 (75%) were female and younger than 30 years. The most common etiology of injury was motor vehicular accidents, occurring in 25 of 51 patients (49%). The mean time from injury to diagnosis was 31.2 days (0 to 106.4 days). Forty of the 51 patients (78%) were diagnosed within the first 2 weeks of injury. A good proportion of patients underwent open reduction (63%) and 18 of the 51 of patients (35%) underwent closed reduction. Conclusions Predictor variables that influenced the treatment decision of open versus closed reduction were age of the patient, etiology of injury, and time from injury to diagnosis. Based on the present results, younger patients (0 to 15 yr old), patients who sustain condylar intrusion injuries from bicycle accidents, and those diagnosed within the first 2 weeks of injury are more likely to benefit from closed reduction. The treatment algorithm emphasizes the importance of assessment of associated neurologic injuries and an interdisciplinary approach for the management of these injuries. © 2016 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.},
keywords = {Accidents, age, Age Factors, algorithm, ALGORITHMS, Article, assault, brain concussion, brain hematoma, Brain Injuries, clinical protocol, Clinical Protocols, condylar intrusion injury, contusion, Cranial Fossa, DECISION making, Dislocations, Early Diagnosis, facial nerve paralysis, falling, fracture reduction, hearing impairment, human, Humans, Injuries, intermethod comparison, jaw disease, laceration, liquorrhea, mandible condyle, mandible fracture, Mandibular Condyle, Mandibular Fractures, Middle, middle cranial fossa, occupational accident, open reduction, sex difference, soft tissue injury, sport injury, Systematic Review, Traffic, traffic accident},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fahlstedt, M; Halldin, P; Kleiven, S
The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 91, pp. 135–143, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Accidents, *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices, *Skull Fractures/pc [Prevention & Control], Computer simulation, Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], finite element analysis, Humans, Traffic
@article{Fahlstedt2016,
title = {The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study},
author = {Fahlstedt, M and Halldin, P and Kleiven, S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {91},
pages = {135--143},
abstract = {There is some controversy regarding the effectiveness of helmets in preventing head injuries among cyclists. Epidemiological, experimental and computer simulation studies have suggested that helmets do indeed have a protective effect, whereas other studies based on epidemiological data have argued that there is no evidence that the helmet protects the brain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of a helmet in single bicycle accident reconstructions using detailed finite element simulations. Strain in the brain tissue, which is associated with brain injuries, was reduced by up to 43% for the accident cases studied when a helmet was included. This resulted in a reduction of the risk of concussion of up to 54%. The stress to the skull bone went from fracture level of 80 MPa down to 13-16 MPa when a helmet was included and the skull fracture risk was reduced by up to 98% based on linear acceleration. Even with a 10% increased riding velocity for the helmeted impacts, to take into account possible increased risk taking, the risk of concussion was still reduced by up to 46% when compared with the unhelmeted impacts with original velocity. The results of this study show that the brain injury risk and risk of skull fracture could have been reduced in these three cases if a helmet had been worn.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {*Accidents, *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices, *Skull Fractures/pc [Prevention \& Control], Computer simulation, Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], finite element analysis, Humans, Traffic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ivancic, P C
Neck injury response to direct head impact Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 50, pp. 323–329, 2013.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Accidents, *Neck Injuries/et [Etiology], *Neck Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], Acceleration, ANALYSIS of variance, Biomechanical Phenomena, Cadaver, Humans, Manikins, Rotation, Traffic, VIDEO recording
@article{Ivancic2013,
title = {Neck injury response to direct head impact},
author = {Ivancic, P C},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {50},
pages = {323--329},
abstract = {Previous in vivo studies have observed flexion of the upper or upper/middle cervical spine and extension at inferior spinal levels due to direct head impacts. These studies hypothesized that hyperflexion may contribute to injury of the upper or middle cervical spine during real-life head impact. Our objectives were to determine the cervical spine injury response to direct head impact, document injuries, and compare our results with previously reported in vivo data. Our model consisted of a human cadaver neck (n=6) mounted to the torso of a rear impact dummy and carrying a surrogate head. Rearward force was applied to the model's forehead using a cable and pulley system and free-falling mass of 3.6kg followed by 16.7kg. High-speed digital cameras tracked head, vertebral, and pelvic motions. Average peak spinal rotations observed during impact were statistically compared (P\<0.05) to physiological ranges obtained from intact flexibility tests. Peak head impact force was 249 and 504N for the 3.6 and 16.7kg free-falling masses, respectively. Occipital condyle loads reached 205.3N posterior shear, 331.4N compression, and 7.4Nm extension moment. We observed significant increases in intervertebral extension peaks above physiologic at C6/7 (26.3degree vs. 5.7degree) and C7/T1 (29.7degree vs. 4.6degree) and macroscopic ligamentous and osseous injuries at C6 through T1 due to the 504N impacts. Our results indicate that a rearward head shear force causes complex neck loads of posterior shear, compression, and extension moment sufficient to injure the lower cervical spine. Real-life neck injuries due to motor vehicle crashes, sports impacts, or falls are likely due to combined loads transferred to the neck by direct head impact and torso inertial loads. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {*Accidents, *Neck Injuries/et [Etiology], *Neck Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], Acceleration, ANALYSIS of variance, Biomechanical Phenomena, Cadaver, Humans, Manikins, Rotation, Traffic, VIDEO recording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McLean, A J
Brain injury without head impact? Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 621–625, 1995.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], Acceleration, Accidents, autopsy, Brain Injuries/mo [Mortality], cause of death, Head, Humans, Mechanical, Nonpenetrating, Stress, Traffic, Wounds
@article{McLean1995,
title = {Brain injury without head impact?},
author = {McLean, A J},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {621--625},
abstract = {The proposition that acceleration of the brain without direct impact to the head can result in brain injury is examined by reviewing a series of 414 road users who were fatally injured in the vicinity of Adelaide, South Australia. The series comprises 170 pedestrians, 10 pedal cyclists, 143 motorcyclists, and 91 vehicle occupants. In each case a member of the research team attended the autopsy to look for evidence of impact on the body, particularly to the head or face. The brain was examined by a neuropathologist and the type and pattern of injury was recorded. The circumstances of the crash were investigated, including an examination of the crash site and the vehicles involved and, where relevant, interviews with witnesses. In cases involving a motorcyclist the helmet worn was retrieved by the police and assigned to the research unit for examination. Particular attention was paid to the identification of objects causing injury to the head or face and also to objects impacted by a helmet. Brain injury was recorded as a cause of death in 55% of the 403 cases for which there was a clear classification of cause of death. Brain injury, at any level of severity, was identified by a neuropathologist in 86 percent of the 414 fatally injured road users in the sample, including 24 cases that were examined microscopically. There were no cases in which there was an injury to the brain in the absence of evidence of an impact to the head.},
keywords = {*Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], Acceleration, Accidents, autopsy, Brain Injuries/mo [Mortality], cause of death, Head, Humans, Mechanical, Nonpenetrating, Stress, Traffic, Wounds},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Arya, V; Chigurupati, R
Treatment Algorithm for Intracranial Intrusion Injuries of the Mandibular Condyle Journal Article
In: Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 569–581, 2016.
@article{Arya2016,
title = {Treatment Algorithm for Intracranial Intrusion Injuries of the Mandibular Condyle},
author = {Arya, V and Chigurupati, R},
doi = {10.1016/j.joms.2015.09.033},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Oral \& Maxillofacial Surgery},
volume = {74},
number = {3},
pages = {569--581},
abstract = {Purpose Traumatic injuries of the mandible resulting in intrusion of the condyle into the middle cranial fossa are rare and treatment is often based on anecdotal experience. The objective of this study was to develop an algorithm for the management of condylar intrusion injuries by identifying factors that influenced the treatment decision of closed versus open reduction of the condyle. Materials and Methods This study was a systematic review of the literature on intracranial intrusion injuries of the mandibular condyle. A thorough search of the PubMed and Cochrane databases and individual maxillofacial and craniofacial journal databases was conducted using the Medical Subject Heading terms condylar impaction, condylar dislocation, condylar intrusion, and middle cranial fossa and condyle without date and language restriction. Quantitative data on the patient's age, gender, etiology of injury, and time from injury to diagnosis were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The authors studied how the predictor variables of age, etiology, time from injury to diagnosis, and associated neurologic injuries influenced the outcome variable of closed versus open reduction of the condyle. Results Forty-eight of the 62 retrieved case reports, case series, and review articles were published in the English-language literature from 1963 to 2015. Data on 51 patients with these injuries showed that 38 (75%) were female and younger than 30 years. The most common etiology of injury was motor vehicular accidents, occurring in 25 of 51 patients (49%). The mean time from injury to diagnosis was 31.2 days (0 to 106.4 days). Forty of the 51 patients (78%) were diagnosed within the first 2 weeks of injury. A good proportion of patients underwent open reduction (63%) and 18 of the 51 of patients (35%) underwent closed reduction. Conclusions Predictor variables that influenced the treatment decision of open versus closed reduction were age of the patient, etiology of injury, and time from injury to diagnosis. Based on the present results, younger patients (0 to 15 yr old), patients who sustain condylar intrusion injuries from bicycle accidents, and those diagnosed within the first 2 weeks of injury are more likely to benefit from closed reduction. The treatment algorithm emphasizes the importance of assessment of associated neurologic injuries and an interdisciplinary approach for the management of these injuries. © 2016 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fahlstedt, M; Halldin, P; Kleiven, S
The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 91, pp. 135–143, 2016.
@article{Fahlstedt2016,
title = {The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study},
author = {Fahlstedt, M and Halldin, P and Kleiven, S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {91},
pages = {135--143},
abstract = {There is some controversy regarding the effectiveness of helmets in preventing head injuries among cyclists. Epidemiological, experimental and computer simulation studies have suggested that helmets do indeed have a protective effect, whereas other studies based on epidemiological data have argued that there is no evidence that the helmet protects the brain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of a helmet in single bicycle accident reconstructions using detailed finite element simulations. Strain in the brain tissue, which is associated with brain injuries, was reduced by up to 43% for the accident cases studied when a helmet was included. This resulted in a reduction of the risk of concussion of up to 54%. The stress to the skull bone went from fracture level of 80 MPa down to 13-16 MPa when a helmet was included and the skull fracture risk was reduced by up to 98% based on linear acceleration. Even with a 10% increased riding velocity for the helmeted impacts, to take into account possible increased risk taking, the risk of concussion was still reduced by up to 46% when compared with the unhelmeted impacts with original velocity. The results of this study show that the brain injury risk and risk of skull fracture could have been reduced in these three cases if a helmet had been worn.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ivancic, P C
Neck injury response to direct head impact Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 50, pp. 323–329, 2013.
@article{Ivancic2013,
title = {Neck injury response to direct head impact},
author = {Ivancic, P C},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {50},
pages = {323--329},
abstract = {Previous in vivo studies have observed flexion of the upper or upper/middle cervical spine and extension at inferior spinal levels due to direct head impacts. These studies hypothesized that hyperflexion may contribute to injury of the upper or middle cervical spine during real-life head impact. Our objectives were to determine the cervical spine injury response to direct head impact, document injuries, and compare our results with previously reported in vivo data. Our model consisted of a human cadaver neck (n=6) mounted to the torso of a rear impact dummy and carrying a surrogate head. Rearward force was applied to the model's forehead using a cable and pulley system and free-falling mass of 3.6kg followed by 16.7kg. High-speed digital cameras tracked head, vertebral, and pelvic motions. Average peak spinal rotations observed during impact were statistically compared (P\<0.05) to physiological ranges obtained from intact flexibility tests. Peak head impact force was 249 and 504N for the 3.6 and 16.7kg free-falling masses, respectively. Occipital condyle loads reached 205.3N posterior shear, 331.4N compression, and 7.4Nm extension moment. We observed significant increases in intervertebral extension peaks above physiologic at C6/7 (26.3degree vs. 5.7degree) and C7/T1 (29.7degree vs. 4.6degree) and macroscopic ligamentous and osseous injuries at C6 through T1 due to the 504N impacts. Our results indicate that a rearward head shear force causes complex neck loads of posterior shear, compression, and extension moment sufficient to injure the lower cervical spine. Real-life neck injuries due to motor vehicle crashes, sports impacts, or falls are likely due to combined loads transferred to the neck by direct head impact and torso inertial loads. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McLean, A J
Brain injury without head impact? Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 621–625, 1995.
@article{McLean1995,
title = {Brain injury without head impact?},
author = {McLean, A J},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {621--625},
abstract = {The proposition that acceleration of the brain without direct impact to the head can result in brain injury is examined by reviewing a series of 414 road users who were fatally injured in the vicinity of Adelaide, South Australia. The series comprises 170 pedestrians, 10 pedal cyclists, 143 motorcyclists, and 91 vehicle occupants. In each case a member of the research team attended the autopsy to look for evidence of impact on the body, particularly to the head or face. The brain was examined by a neuropathologist and the type and pattern of injury was recorded. The circumstances of the crash were investigated, including an examination of the crash site and the vehicles involved and, where relevant, interviews with witnesses. In cases involving a motorcyclist the helmet worn was retrieved by the police and assigned to the research unit for examination. Particular attention was paid to the identification of objects causing injury to the head or face and also to objects impacted by a helmet. Brain injury was recorded as a cause of death in 55% of the 403 cases for which there was a clear classification of cause of death. Brain injury, at any level of severity, was identified by a neuropathologist in 86 percent of the 414 fatally injured road users in the sample, including 24 cases that were examined microscopically. There were no cases in which there was an injury to the brain in the absence of evidence of an impact to the head.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Arya, V; Chigurupati, R
Treatment Algorithm for Intracranial Intrusion Injuries of the Mandibular Condyle Journal Article
In: Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 74, no. 3, pp. 569–581, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accidents, age, Age Factors, algorithm, ALGORITHMS, Article, assault, brain concussion, brain hematoma, Brain Injuries, clinical protocol, Clinical Protocols, condylar intrusion injury, contusion, Cranial Fossa, DECISION making, Dislocations, Early Diagnosis, facial nerve paralysis, falling, fracture reduction, hearing impairment, human, Humans, Injuries, intermethod comparison, jaw disease, laceration, liquorrhea, mandible condyle, mandible fracture, Mandibular Condyle, Mandibular Fractures, Middle, middle cranial fossa, occupational accident, open reduction, sex difference, soft tissue injury, sport injury, Systematic Review, Traffic, traffic accident
@article{Arya2016,
title = {Treatment Algorithm for Intracranial Intrusion Injuries of the Mandibular Condyle},
author = {Arya, V and Chigurupati, R},
doi = {10.1016/j.joms.2015.09.033},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Oral \& Maxillofacial Surgery},
volume = {74},
number = {3},
pages = {569--581},
abstract = {Purpose Traumatic injuries of the mandible resulting in intrusion of the condyle into the middle cranial fossa are rare and treatment is often based on anecdotal experience. The objective of this study was to develop an algorithm for the management of condylar intrusion injuries by identifying factors that influenced the treatment decision of closed versus open reduction of the condyle. Materials and Methods This study was a systematic review of the literature on intracranial intrusion injuries of the mandibular condyle. A thorough search of the PubMed and Cochrane databases and individual maxillofacial and craniofacial journal databases was conducted using the Medical Subject Heading terms condylar impaction, condylar dislocation, condylar intrusion, and middle cranial fossa and condyle without date and language restriction. Quantitative data on the patient's age, gender, etiology of injury, and time from injury to diagnosis were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The authors studied how the predictor variables of age, etiology, time from injury to diagnosis, and associated neurologic injuries influenced the outcome variable of closed versus open reduction of the condyle. Results Forty-eight of the 62 retrieved case reports, case series, and review articles were published in the English-language literature from 1963 to 2015. Data on 51 patients with these injuries showed that 38 (75%) were female and younger than 30 years. The most common etiology of injury was motor vehicular accidents, occurring in 25 of 51 patients (49%). The mean time from injury to diagnosis was 31.2 days (0 to 106.4 days). Forty of the 51 patients (78%) were diagnosed within the first 2 weeks of injury. A good proportion of patients underwent open reduction (63%) and 18 of the 51 of patients (35%) underwent closed reduction. Conclusions Predictor variables that influenced the treatment decision of open versus closed reduction were age of the patient, etiology of injury, and time from injury to diagnosis. Based on the present results, younger patients (0 to 15 yr old), patients who sustain condylar intrusion injuries from bicycle accidents, and those diagnosed within the first 2 weeks of injury are more likely to benefit from closed reduction. The treatment algorithm emphasizes the importance of assessment of associated neurologic injuries and an interdisciplinary approach for the management of these injuries. © 2016 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.},
keywords = {Accidents, age, Age Factors, algorithm, ALGORITHMS, Article, assault, brain concussion, brain hematoma, Brain Injuries, clinical protocol, Clinical Protocols, condylar intrusion injury, contusion, Cranial Fossa, DECISION making, Dislocations, Early Diagnosis, facial nerve paralysis, falling, fracture reduction, hearing impairment, human, Humans, Injuries, intermethod comparison, jaw disease, laceration, liquorrhea, mandible condyle, mandible fracture, Mandibular Condyle, Mandibular Fractures, Middle, middle cranial fossa, occupational accident, open reduction, sex difference, soft tissue injury, sport injury, Systematic Review, Traffic, traffic accident},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fahlstedt, M; Halldin, P; Kleiven, S
The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 91, pp. 135–143, 2016.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Accidents, *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention & Control], *Head Protective Devices, *Skull Fractures/pc [Prevention & Control], Computer simulation, Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], finite element analysis, Humans, Traffic
@article{Fahlstedt2016,
title = {The protective effect of a helmet in three bicycle accidents--A finite element study},
author = {Fahlstedt, M and Halldin, P and Kleiven, S},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {91},
pages = {135--143},
abstract = {There is some controversy regarding the effectiveness of helmets in preventing head injuries among cyclists. Epidemiological, experimental and computer simulation studies have suggested that helmets do indeed have a protective effect, whereas other studies based on epidemiological data have argued that there is no evidence that the helmet protects the brain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of a helmet in single bicycle accident reconstructions using detailed finite element simulations. Strain in the brain tissue, which is associated with brain injuries, was reduced by up to 43% for the accident cases studied when a helmet was included. This resulted in a reduction of the risk of concussion of up to 54%. The stress to the skull bone went from fracture level of 80 MPa down to 13-16 MPa when a helmet was included and the skull fracture risk was reduced by up to 98% based on linear acceleration. Even with a 10% increased riding velocity for the helmeted impacts, to take into account possible increased risk taking, the risk of concussion was still reduced by up to 46% when compared with the unhelmeted impacts with original velocity. The results of this study show that the brain injury risk and risk of skull fracture could have been reduced in these three cases if a helmet had been worn.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {*Accidents, *Bicycling/in [Injuries], *Brain Concussion/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Head Protective Devices, *Skull Fractures/pc [Prevention \& Control], Computer simulation, Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], finite element analysis, Humans, Traffic},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ivancic, P C
Neck injury response to direct head impact Journal Article
In: Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. 50, pp. 323–329, 2013.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Accidents, *Neck Injuries/et [Etiology], *Neck Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], Acceleration, ANALYSIS of variance, Biomechanical Phenomena, Cadaver, Humans, Manikins, Rotation, Traffic, VIDEO recording
@article{Ivancic2013,
title = {Neck injury response to direct head impact},
author = {Ivancic, P C},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
volume = {50},
pages = {323--329},
abstract = {Previous in vivo studies have observed flexion of the upper or upper/middle cervical spine and extension at inferior spinal levels due to direct head impacts. These studies hypothesized that hyperflexion may contribute to injury of the upper or middle cervical spine during real-life head impact. Our objectives were to determine the cervical spine injury response to direct head impact, document injuries, and compare our results with previously reported in vivo data. Our model consisted of a human cadaver neck (n=6) mounted to the torso of a rear impact dummy and carrying a surrogate head. Rearward force was applied to the model's forehead using a cable and pulley system and free-falling mass of 3.6kg followed by 16.7kg. High-speed digital cameras tracked head, vertebral, and pelvic motions. Average peak spinal rotations observed during impact were statistically compared (P\<0.05) to physiological ranges obtained from intact flexibility tests. Peak head impact force was 249 and 504N for the 3.6 and 16.7kg free-falling masses, respectively. Occipital condyle loads reached 205.3N posterior shear, 331.4N compression, and 7.4Nm extension moment. We observed significant increases in intervertebral extension peaks above physiologic at C6/7 (26.3degree vs. 5.7degree) and C7/T1 (29.7degree vs. 4.6degree) and macroscopic ligamentous and osseous injuries at C6 through T1 due to the 504N impacts. Our results indicate that a rearward head shear force causes complex neck loads of posterior shear, compression, and extension moment sufficient to injure the lower cervical spine. Real-life neck injuries due to motor vehicle crashes, sports impacts, or falls are likely due to combined loads transferred to the neck by direct head impact and torso inertial loads. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {*Accidents, *Neck Injuries/et [Etiology], *Neck Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], Acceleration, ANALYSIS of variance, Biomechanical Phenomena, Cadaver, Humans, Manikins, Rotation, Traffic, VIDEO recording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McLean, A J
Brain injury without head impact? Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 621–625, 1995.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], Acceleration, Accidents, autopsy, Brain Injuries/mo [Mortality], cause of death, Head, Humans, Mechanical, Nonpenetrating, Stress, Traffic, Wounds
@article{McLean1995,
title = {Brain injury without head impact?},
author = {McLean, A J},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {621--625},
abstract = {The proposition that acceleration of the brain without direct impact to the head can result in brain injury is examined by reviewing a series of 414 road users who were fatally injured in the vicinity of Adelaide, South Australia. The series comprises 170 pedestrians, 10 pedal cyclists, 143 motorcyclists, and 91 vehicle occupants. In each case a member of the research team attended the autopsy to look for evidence of impact on the body, particularly to the head or face. The brain was examined by a neuropathologist and the type and pattern of injury was recorded. The circumstances of the crash were investigated, including an examination of the crash site and the vehicles involved and, where relevant, interviews with witnesses. In cases involving a motorcyclist the helmet worn was retrieved by the police and assigned to the research unit for examination. Particular attention was paid to the identification of objects causing injury to the head or face and also to objects impacted by a helmet. Brain injury was recorded as a cause of death in 55% of the 403 cases for which there was a clear classification of cause of death. Brain injury, at any level of severity, was identified by a neuropathologist in 86 percent of the 414 fatally injured road users in the sample, including 24 cases that were examined microscopically. There were no cases in which there was an injury to the brain in the absence of evidence of an impact to the head.},
keywords = {*Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], Acceleration, Accidents, autopsy, Brain Injuries/mo [Mortality], cause of death, Head, Humans, Mechanical, Nonpenetrating, Stress, Traffic, Wounds},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}