Theadom, A; Parmar, P; Jones, K; Barker-Collo, S; Starkey, N J; McPherson, K M; Ameratunga, S; Feigin, V L; Group, Bionic Research
Frequency and impact of recurrent traumatic brain injury in a population-based sample Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, pp. 674–681, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Theadom2015,
title = {Frequency and impact of recurrent traumatic brain injury in a population-based sample},
author = {Theadom, A and Parmar, P and Jones, K and Barker-Collo, S and Starkey, N J and McPherson, K M and Ameratunga, S and Feigin, V L and Group, Bionic Research},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {32},
pages = {674--681},
address = {Theadom,Alice. 1 National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology , Auckland, New Zealand .},
abstract = {The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, mechanism(s), and impact of recurrent traumatic brain injury (TBI) over a 1-year period. Population-based TBI incidence and 1-year outcomes study with embedded case-control analysis. All participants (adults and children) who experienced a recurrent TBI (more than one) in the 12 months after an index injury and matched controls who sustained one TBI within the same period were enrolled in a population-based TBI incidence and outcomes study. Details of all recurrent TBIs sustained within 12 months of the initial index injury were recorded. Each recurrent TBI case was matched to a case sustaining one TBI based on age (+/-2 years), gender, and index TBI severity. Cognitive ability, disability, and postconcussion symptoms (PCS) were assessed 1 year after the index injury. Overall, 9.9% (n=72) of TBI cases experienced at least one recurrent TBI within the year after initial index injury. Males, people \<35 years of age, and those who had experienced a TBI before their index injury were at highest risk of recurrent TBI. Recurrent TBI cases reported significantly increased PCS at 1 year, compared to the matched controls (n=72) sustaining one TBI. There was no difference in overall cognitive ability and disability between the two groups. People experiencing recurrent TBIs are more likely to experience increased frequency and severity of PCS. Greater public awareness of the potential effects of recurrent brain injury is needed.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fuller, C W; Taylor, A; Raftery, M
Epidemiology of concussion in men's elite Rugby-7s (Sevens World Series) and Rugby-15s (Rugby World Cup, Junior World Championship and Rugby Trophy, Pacific Nations Cup and English Premiership) Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 49, pp. 478–483, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Fuller2015,
title = {Epidemiology of concussion in men's elite Rugby-7s (Sevens World Series) and Rugby-15s (Rugby World Cup, Junior World Championship and Rugby Trophy, Pacific Nations Cup and English Premiership)},
author = {Fuller, C W and Taylor, A and Raftery, M},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {49},
pages = {478--483},
address = {Fuller,Colin W. International Rugby Board, Huguenot House, St Stephen's Green, Dublin, Ireland. Taylor,Aileen. International Rugby Board, Huguenot House, St Stephen's Green, Dublin, Ireland. Raftery,Martin. International Rugby Board, Huguenot House, St St},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, nature and causes of concussions sustained during men's elite professional Rugby-7s and Rugby-15s. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study recording injuries classified as a time-loss concussion. POPULATION: Players competing in the following tournaments: Rugby 15s-English Premiership (2007/2008 to 2010/2011), Rugby World Cup (2007, 2011), Pacific Nations Cup (2012, 2013), Junior World Championship (2008, 2010-2013), Junior World Rugby Trophy (2008, 2010-2013); Rugby 7s-Sevens World Series (2008/2009, 2010/2011 to 2012/2013). METHOD: The study was implemented according to the international consensus statement for epidemiological studies in rugby union; the main outcome measures included the number, incidence (number of concussions/1000 player-match-hours), mean and median severity (days absence) and cause of concussion. RESULTS: The incidence of concussion in Rugby-7s was significantly higher than that in Rugby-15s (risk ratio=1.84; p\<0.001). The severity of concussions were significantly higher in Rugby-7s than Rugby-15s (mean-Rugby-7s: 19.2, Rugby-15s: 10.1; median-Rugby 7s: 20, Rugby-15s: 7; p\<0.001). The main causes of concussion were tackling (44.1%) in Rugby-7s and collisions (43.6%) in Rugby-15s. Significantly more (risk ratio=1.49; p=0.004) concussed players were removed immediately from the game in Rugby-7s (69.7%) compared to Rugby-15s (46.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Six actions were identified to improve the management of concussion in rugby: implement a pitch-side concussion assessment protocol; improve compliance with return-to-play protocols; work with referees to review the nature and consequences of collisions; improve players' tackle technique; investigate the forces involved in tackles and collisions; and evaluate reasons for the higher incidence of concussions in Rugby-7s.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
King, D; Gissane, C; Brughelli, M; Hume, P A; Harawira, J
Sport-related concussions in New Zealand: a review of 10 years of Accident Compensation Corporation moderate to severe claims and costs Journal Article
In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 17, pp. 250–255, 2014.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{King2014e,
title = {Sport-related concussions in New Zealand: a review of 10 years of Accident Compensation Corporation moderate to severe claims and costs},
author = {King, D and Gissane, C and Brughelli, M and Hume, P A and Harawira, J},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},
volume = {17},
pages = {250--255},
address = {Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand; Emergency Department, Hutt Valley District Health Board, Lower Hutt, New Zealan},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This paper provides an overview of the epidemiology of sport-related concussion and associated costs in New Zealand requiring medical treatment from 2001 to 2011 in seven sports codes. DESIGN: A retrospective review of injury entitlement claims by seven sports from 2001 to 2011. METHODS: Data were analyzed by sporting code, age, ethnicity, gender and year of competition for total and moderate-to-severe (MSC) Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) claims and costs. RESULTS: A total of 20,902 claims costing $NZD 16,546,026 were recorded over the study period of which 1330 (6.4%) were MSC claims. The mean yearly number and costs of MSC claims were 133 + 36 and $1,303,942 + 378,949. Rugby union had the highest number of MSC claims per year (38; 95% CI 36-41 per 1000 MSC claims). New Zealand Maori recorded the highest total ($6,000,759) and mean cost ($21,120) per MSC claim. CONCLUSIONS: Although MSC injury claims were only 6.4% of total claims, they accounted for 79.1% of total costs indicating that although the majority of sport-related concussions may be minor in severity, the related economic costs associated with more serious sport-related concussion can be high. The finding that rugby union recorded the most MSC claims in the current study was not unexpected. Of concern is that rugby league recorded a low number of MSC claims but the highest mean cost per claim. Due to the high mean cost per concussion, and the high total and mean cost for New Zealand Maori, further investigation is warranted.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Clay, M B; Glover, K L; Lowe, D T
Epidemiology of concussion in sport: a literature review Journal Article
In: Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, vol. 12, pp. 230–251, 2013.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Clay2013,
title = {Epidemiology of concussion in sport: a literature review},
author = {Clay, M B and Glover, K L and Lowe, D T},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Chiropractic Medicine},
volume = {12},
pages = {230--251},
address = {Clay,Michael B. Clinical Lead, Chiropractic Clinic, Naval Hospital Camp Lejeune, Camp Lejeune, NC. Glover,Kari L. Staff Clinician, Bodies in Balance Physical Therapy, Wilmington, NC. Lowe,Duane T. Staff Clinician, Inter-Disciplinary Pain Management Clinic},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to summarize sport concussion incidence data, identify sports that present higher injury frequency, reveal the degree of risk in some lesser-known sports, and outline specific details within the sports literature that raise additional concerns, such as helmet-to-helmet contact and player positions that experience frequent impact. METHODS: A systematic literature review of Pub Med using keyword search on injury, concussion, and sports was performed through May 2012. Abstracts were identified, selections were made based upon inclusion criteria, and full-length articles were obtained. Additional articles were considered following review of reference sections. Articles were reviewed and tabulated according to sport. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-nine articles were screened, and 62 articles were reviewed. The overall incidence of concussion in sport ranged from 0.1 to 21.5 per 1000 athletic exposures. The lowest incidence was reported in swimming and diving. Concussion incidence was highest in Canadian junior ice hockey, but elevated incidence in American football remains a concern because of the large number of participants. CONCLUSIONS: The literature reviewed included incidence of concussion on the field of play under real-world conditions and influenced by the current culture of sport. The studies examined in this article show that there is risk of concussion in nearly every sport. Some sports have higher concussion frequency than others, which may depend upon the forces and roles of the positions played in these sports. Younger athletes have a higher incidence of concussion, and female incidence is greater than male in many comparable sports. Headgear may reduce concussion in some sports but may also give athletes a false sense of protection.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ozbay, G; Bakkal, M; Abbasoglu, Z; Demirel, S; Kargul, B; Welbury, R
Incidence and prevention of traumatic injuries in paediatric handball players in Istanbul, Turkey Journal Article
In: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry: Official Journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, vol. 14, pp. 41–45, 2013.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Ozbay2013,
title = {Incidence and prevention of traumatic injuries in paediatric handball players in Istanbul, Turkey},
author = {Ozbay, G and Bakkal, M and Abbasoglu, Z and Demirel, S and Kargul, B and Welbury, R},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry: Official Journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry},
volume = {14},
pages = {41--45},
address = {Ozbay,G. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Buyukciftlik Sok. No: 6, Nisantasi, Istanbul, Turkey.},
abstract = {AIM: To investigate the frequency of dental injuries in paediatric handball players. In addition, the players' habits with regard to mouthguard usage, as well as their general knowledge of the prevention of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) were investigated. Data were collected by structured one-to-one interviews with children of 14 randomly selected handball teams in the amateur national league. METHODS: The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions. The age, gender, trauma experience and league status of each interviewee was recorded. The interviews took place mainly at national championships or tournaments. RESULTS: A total of 212 individuals, 74 girls and 138 boys, were interviewed. Forty-one of the 212 participants (19.3 %) had sustained a dental injury. The mean age of participants was 12 +/- 1.6 years. Concussion was the most frequent finding and the cause of injury was a blow from another player. The number of individuals that were aware of mouthguards was only 15.6 % and surprisingly no players used mouthguards. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that handball players need more knowledge and education considering the prevention of TDIs from their sports clubs and dentists. The importance of adequate facial protection in contact sports should be endorsed by all sports clubs, and parents advised accordingly.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
for Disease Control, Centers; Prevention,
Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries related to sports and recreation activities among persons aged <=19 years--United States, 2001-2009 Journal Article
In: MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 60, no. 39, pp. 1337–1342, 2011.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology, Other Sports
@article{CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention2011,
title = {Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries related to sports and recreation activities among persons aged \<=19 years--United States, 2001-2009},
author = {{Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {MMWR - Morbidity \& Mortality Weekly Report},
volume = {60},
number = {39},
pages = {1337--1342},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) from participation in sports and recreation activities have received increased public awareness, with many states and the federal government considering or implementing laws directing the response to suspected brain injury. Whereas public health programs promote the many benefits of sports and recreation activities, those benefits are tempered by the risk for injury. During 2001--2005, an estimated 207,830 emergency department (ED) visits for concussions and other TBIs related to sports and recreation activities were reported annually, with 65% of TBIs occurring among children aged 5--18 years. Compared with adults, younger persons are at increased risk for TBIs with increased severity and prolonged recovery. To assess and characterize TBIs from sports and recreation activities among children and adolescents, CDC analyzed data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System--All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) for the period 2001--2009. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that an estimated 173,285 persons aged \<=19 years were treated in EDs annually for nonfatal TBIs related to sports and recreation activities. From 2001 to 2009, the number of annual TBI-related ED visits increased significantly, from 153,375 to 248,418, with the highest rates among males aged 10--19 years. By increasing awareness of TBI risks from sports and recreation, employing proper technique and protective equipment, and quickly responding to injuries, the incidence, severity, and long-term negative health effects of TBIs among children and adolescents can be reduced.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology, Other Sports},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Daneshvar, Daniel H; Nowinski, Christopher J; McKee, Ann C; Cantu, Robert C
The epidemiology of sport-related concussion Journal Article
In: Clinics in Sports Medicine, vol. 30, pp. 1–17, 2011.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Daneshvar2011b,
title = {The epidemiology of sport-related concussion},
author = {Daneshvar, Daniel H and Nowinski, Christopher J and McKee, Ann C and Cantu, Robert C},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Clinics in Sports Medicine},
volume = {30},
pages = {1--17},
address = {Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, 72 East Concord Street, B7800, Boston, MA 02118, USA. ddanesh@bu.edu},
abstract = {Concussions and head injuries may never be completely eliminated from sports. However, with better data comes an improved understanding of the types of actions and activities that typically result in concussions. With this knowledge can come improved techniques and rule changes to minimize the rate and severity of concussions in sports. This article identifies the factors that affect concussion rate.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hawkeswood, Jonathan; Finlayson, Heather; O'Connor, Russ; Anton, Hugh
A pilot survey on injury and safety concerns in international sledge hockey Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, vol. 6, pp. 173–185, 2011.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Hawkeswood2011,
title = {A pilot survey on injury and safety concerns in international sledge hockey},
author = {Hawkeswood, Jonathan and Finlayson, Heather and O'Connor, Russ and Anton, Hugh},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy},
volume = {6},
pages = {173--185},
address = {University of British Columbia Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe sledge hockey injury patterns, safety issues and to develop potential injury prevention strategies. DESIGN: Pilot survey study of international sledge hockey professionals, including trainers, physiotherapists, physicians, coaches and/or general managers. SETTING: Personal encounter or online correspondence. RESPONDENTS: Sledge hockey professionals; a total of 10 respondents from the 5 top-ranked international teams recruited by personal encounter or online correspondence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Descriptive Data reports on sledge athlete injury characteristics, quality of rules and enforcement, player equipment, challenges in the medical management during competition, and overall safety. RESULTS: Muscle strains and concussions were identified as common, and injuries were reported to affect the upper body more frequently than the lower body. Overuse and body checking were predominant injury mechanisms. Safety concerns included excessive elbowing, inexperienced refereeing and inadequate equipment standards. CONCLUSIONS: This paper is the first publication primarily focused on sledge hockey injury and safety. This information provides unique opportunity for the consideration of implementation and evaluation of safety strategies. Safety interventions could include improved hand protection, cut-resistant materials in high-risk areas, increased vigilance to reduce intentional head-contact, lowered rink boards and modified bathroom floor surfacing.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Elhammali, N; Bremerich, A; Rustemeyer, J
Demographical and clinical aspects of sports-related maxillofacial and skull base fractures in hospitalized patients Journal Article
In: International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 39, pp. 857–862, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Elhammali2010,
title = {Demographical and clinical aspects of sports-related maxillofacial and skull base fractures in hospitalized patients},
author = {Elhammali, N and Bremerich, A and Rustemeyer, J},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Oral \& Maxillofacial Surgery},
volume = {39},
pages = {857--862},
address = {Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center Hospital, Bremen, Germany.},
abstract = {As many as 30% of all maxillofacial fractures (MFFs) and skull base fractures (SBFs) are reported to be sports-related. Participation in sporting activities has grown worldwide and the number of cases of sports-related injuries has also increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the data of 3596 patients hospitalized by MFF or SBF over a 6-year period; 147 (4%) of these cases were sports-related (mean age 29.7+/-12.8 years). The highest incidence was found in patients aged 20-29 years (35%), and the fractures resulted mostly from ball sports (74%), especially soccer (59%) and handball (8%). The injuries involved different areas, with a significant prevalence of the midface complex (67%) compared with the mandible region (29%) and the skull base (4%). The commonest diagnoses associated with MFF and SBF were brain concussion (19%), laceration of the skin and soft tissue (16%), and dental injury (8%). Surgery was required for 88% of midface fractures. In cases of mandible fractures 52% were supplied with osteosynthesis. This study identified the significant number of severe sports-related injuries that occur each year, suggesting that changes of rules and safety standards are needed for the prevention of such injuries.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Tator, Charles H
Let's standardize the definition of concussion and get reliable incidence data Journal Article
In: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, vol. 36, pp. 405–406, 2009.
BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Tator2009b,
title = {Let's standardize the definition of concussion and get reliable incidence data},
author = {Tator, Charles H},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences},
volume = {36},
pages = {405--406},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Junge, A; Engebretsen, L; Alonso, J M; Renstrom, P; Mountjoy, M; Aubry, M; Dvorak, J
Injury surveillance in multi-sport events: the International Olympic Committee approach Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 42, pp. 413–421, 2008.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Junge2008,
title = {Injury surveillance in multi-sport events: the International Olympic Committee approach},
author = {Junge, A and Engebretsen, L and Alonso, J M and Renstrom, P and Mountjoy, M and Aubry, M and Dvorak, J},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {42},
pages = {413--421},
address = {FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC), Zurich, Switzerland. astrid.junge@kws.ch},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The protection of athletes' health by preventing injuries is an important task for international sports federations. Standardised injury surveillance provides not only important epidemiological information, but also directions for injury prevention, and the opportunity for monitoring long-term changes in the frequency and circumstances of injury. Numerous studies have evaluated sports injuries during the season, but few have focused on injuries during major sport events such as World Championships, World Cups or the Olympic Games. OBJECTIVES: To provide an injury surveillance system for multi-sports tournaments, using the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing as an example. METHODS: A group of experienced researchers reviewed existing injury report systems and developed a scientific sound and concise injury surveillance system for large multi-sport events. RESULTS: The injury report system for multi-sport events is based on an established system for team sports tournaments and has proved feasible for individual sports during the International Association of Athletics Federations World Championships in Athletics 2007. The most important principles and advantages of the system are comprehensive definition of injury, injury report by the physician responsible for the athlete, a single-page report of all injuries, and daily report irrespective of whether or not an injury occurred. Implementation of the injury surveillance system, all definitions, the report form, and the analysis of data are described in detail to enable other researchers to implement the injury surveillance system in any sports tournament. CONCLUSION: The injury surveillance system has been accepted by experienced team physicians and shown to be feasible for single-sport and multi-sport events. It can be modified depending on the specific objectives of a certain sport or research question; however, a standardised use of injury definition, report forms and methodology will ensure the comparability of results. [References: 46]},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Goldberg, Andrea S; Moroz, Leslie; Smith, Angela; Ganley, Theodore
Injury surveillance in young athletes: a clinician's guide to sports injury literature Journal Article
In: Sports Medicine, vol. 37, pp. 265–278, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Goldberg2007,
title = {Injury surveillance in young athletes: a clinician's guide to sports injury literature},
author = {Goldberg, Andrea S and Moroz, Leslie and Smith, Angela and Ganley, Theodore},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Sports Medicine},
volume = {37},
pages = {265--278},
address = {School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.},
abstract = {As participation in junior, high-school and college sports has increased dramatically over the last three decades, sports injuries have increased commensurately. In the US alone, sports-related injuries account for 2.6 million visits to the emergency room made by children and young adults (aged 5-24 years). Injuries sustained by high-school athletes have resulted in 500000 doctor visits, 30000 hospitalisations and a total cost to the healthcare system of nearly 2 billion dollars per year. Sports injury surveillance studies have long formed the backbone of injury prevention research, serving to highlight the types and patterns of injury that merit further investigation. Injury surveillance studies have been integral in guiding rule changes, equipment improvement and training regimens that prevent injury. Despite findings that the methodology of injury surveillance studies may significantly influence the design and efficacy of preventative interventions, relatively few sources address epidemiological considerations involved in such studies. The purpose of this review is 3-fold. First, to perform a review of the current injury surveillance literature in order to identify key epidemiological and methodological issues that arise when reading or conducting an injury surveillance study. Second, to identify and describe how injury surveillance studies have addressed these issues. Third, to provide recommendations about the identified issues in order to guide clinicians in the interpretation of data presented in such studies. Searches of Ovid MEDLINE (1966-present) and PubMed were performed. Thirty-three descriptive and review articles addressing epidemiological and methodological considerations in injury surveillance were selected, as well as 54 cohort studies and studies with an experimental design. Data with respect to each study's treatment of the three epidemiological issues of interest were extracted and synthesised into a table. This review identifies the following three key epidemiological issues to consider when reading injury surveillance literature or when designing an injury surveillance study: (i) the definition of a sports injury; (ii) the denominator with which injuries are reported; and (iii) the method of data collection. A meaningful definition of injury should incorporate time lost from participation in order to reduce the bias associated with estimates of incidence. The use of multiple denominators (e.g. both athlete-hours of exposure and total athletes) provides the most precise information about injury rate and injury risk. The method of data collection that captures the widest range of injuries, while also allowing for the collection of exposure data, will vary depending on geographical location and the organisation of youth sports in that area. [References: 89]},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Arbeau, Ryan P; Gordon, Kevin E; McCurdie, Glen
Mayhem on the ice: do players' injuries put team staff at risk of injury?.[Erratum appears in Can Fam Physician. 2007 Oct;53(10):1661] Journal Article
In: Canadian Family Physician, vol. 53, pp. 1488–1492, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Arbeau2007,
title = {Mayhem on the ice: do players' injuries put team staff at risk of injury?.[Erratum appears in Can Fam Physician. 2007 Oct;53(10):1661]},
author = {Arbeau, Ryan P and Gordon, Kevin E and McCurdie, Glen},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Canadian Family Physician},
volume = {53},
pages = {1488--1492},
address = {Dalhousie University in Halifax, NS, Canada.},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential for serious injury and the nature of injuries incurred as team staff or support personnel cross ice surfaces to get to players' benches or to attend to injured players. DESIGN: Hybrid study, case series with survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Circumstances and nature of reported injuries. RESULTS: Over 4 seasons, 988 injuries to team staff or support personnel were reported, including 94 concussions, 5 injuries to internal organs, 226 fractures, and 86 separations or dislocations. Most of the injuries were incurred by team staff or support personnel responsible for the welfare of players (managers, trainers, therapists, and emergency medical staff). CONCLUSION: Team staff and support personnel incur serious injuries as a result of falls on the ice. Several preventive strategies can be put in place: changes in rink design, policies restricting access to the ice surface, and encouraging team staff and support personnel who must cross the ice surface to attend to injured players to wear gait-stabilizing devices.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Moulton, Donalee
Secret locker room game causing concussions Journal Article
In: CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 177, pp. 25, 2007.
BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Moulton2007,
title = {Secret locker room game causing concussions},
author = {Moulton, Donalee},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal},
volume = {177},
pages = {25},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
for Disease Control, Centers; Prevention,
Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries from sports and recreation activities--United States, 2001-2005 Journal Article
In: MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 56, no. 29, pp. 733–737, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Adolescent, adult, Child, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Female, Humans, Incidence/Epidemiology, Infant, Male, middle aged, Population Surveillance, Preschool, recreation, United States/ep [Epidemiology]
@article{CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention2007,
title = {Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries from sports and recreation activities--United States, 2001-2005},
author = {{Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {MMWR - Morbidity \& Mortality Weekly Report},
volume = {56},
number = {29},
pages = {733--737},
abstract = {Each year in the United States, an estimated 38 million children and adolescents participate in organized sports, and approximately 170 million adults participate in some type of physical activity not related to work. The health benefits of these activities are tempered by the risk for injury, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). CDC estimates that 1.1 million persons with TBIs are treated and released from U.S. hospital emergency departments (EDs) each year, and an additional 235,000 are hospitalized for these injuries. TBIs can result in long-term, negative health effects (e.g., memory loss and behavioral changes). To characterize sports- and recreation-related (SR-related) TBIs among patients treated in U.S. hospital EDs, CDC analyzed data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System--All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) for the period 2001-2005. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that an estimated 207,830 patients with nonfatal SR-related TBIs were treated in EDs each year during this period. The highest rates of SR-related TBI ED visits for both males and females occurred among those aged 10-14 years. Increased awareness of TBI risks, prevention strategies, and the importance of timely identification and management is essential for reducing the incidence, severity, and long-term negative health effects of this type of injury.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Adolescent, adult, Child, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Female, Humans, Incidence/Epidemiology, Infant, Male, middle aged, Population Surveillance, Preschool, recreation, United States/ep [Epidemiology]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cusimano, M D; Chipman, M; Glazier, R H; Rinner, C; Marshall, S P
Geomatics in injury prevention: the science, the potential and the limitations Journal Article
In: Injury Prevention, vol. 13, pp. 51–56, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Cusimano2007,
title = {Geomatics in injury prevention: the science, the potential and the limitations},
author = {Cusimano, M D and Chipman, M and Glazier, R H and Rinner, C and Marshall, S P},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Injury Prevention},
volume = {13},
pages = {51--56},
address = {Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, and Center for Inner City Health, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. injuryprevention@smh.toronto.on.ca},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Geomatics describes the activities involved in acquiring and managing geographical data and producing geographical information for scientific, administrative and technical endeavors. As an emerging science, geomatics has a great potential to support public health. Geomatics provides a conceptual foundation for the development of geographic information systems (GIS), computerized tools that manage and display geographical data for analytical applications. As descriptive epidemiology typically involves the examination of person, place and time in the occurrence of disease or injury, geomatics and GIS can play an important role in understanding and preventing injury. AIM: This article provides a background to geomatics for those in the injury prevention field who are unfamiliar with spatial analysis. We hope to stimulate researchers and practitioners to begin to use geomatics to assist in the prevention of injury. METHODS: The authors illustrate the potential benefits and limitations of geomatics in injury prevention in a non-technical way through the use of maps and analysis. RESULTS: By analysing the location of patients treated for fall injuries in Central Toronto using GIS, some demographic and land use variables, such as household income, age, and the location of homeless shelters, were identified as explanatory factors for the spatial distribution. CONCLUSION: By supporting novel approaches to injury prevention, geomatics has a great potential for efforts to combat the burden of injury. Despite some limitations, those with an interest in injury prevention could benefit from this science.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Pickett, W; Streight, S; Simpson, K; Brison, R J; Cusimano, M
Head injuries in youth soccer players presenting to the emergency department Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 39, pp. 226–231, 2005, ISSN: 0306-3674.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Pickett2005,
title = {Head injuries in youth soccer players presenting to the emergency department},
author = {Pickett, W and Streight, S and Simpson, K and Brison, R J and Cusimano, M},
doi = {10.1136/bjsm.2004.013169},
issn = {0306-3674},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {39},
pages = {226--231},
abstract = {Background: There has been recent concern about neuropsychological injuries experienced by soccer players, particularly related to the purposeful heading of the ball. There are few population based analyses examining whether this is a legitimate concern. Objectives: To explore, using an existing injury surveillance system, one of many parts of this issue: acute injuries requiring emergency medical care experienced by youth soccer players. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological analysis of emergency department injury surveillance data (1996-2001) for youths aged 10-24 years from the Kingston sites of the Canadian Hospital Injury Reporting and Prevention Program. Results: A total of 1714 cases of soccer injury were identified (mean 286 a year); 235 (13.7%) involved diagnoses of injuries to the head. Leading mechanical factors resulting in head injury were contact with other players or persons (153/235; 65.1%) and balls (62/235; 26.4%). Heading was reported in 4/62 (6%) of the ball contact injuries, and attempted heading was reported in 15/153 (9.8%) of the cases involving person to person contact. Unspecified head to head contact between players was reported in 39 cases. Conclusions: Minor head injuries that result in emergency medical treatment do not happen often in youth soccer, and very few can be attributed to the purposeful heading of the ball. Player contact injuries appear to be a more important injury control concern. This study informs one of many aspects of the soccer heading injury debate.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Koh, J O; Cassidy, J D
Incidence study of head blows and concussions in competition taekwondo Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 14, pp. 72–79, 2004, ISSN: 1050-642X.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Koh2004,
title = {Incidence study of head blows and concussions in competition taekwondo},
author = {Koh, J O and Cassidy, J D},
issn = {1050-642X},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {14},
pages = {72--79},
abstract = {Objective: To examine the incidence of head blows and concussions in competition taekwondo. Design: Incidence cohort design. Setting: Tackwondo tournament in 2001, in South Korea. Participants: A total of 2328 competitors (female, 676; male, 1652; age, 11-19 years) from 424 schools participated in the tournament. All recipients of head blows were interviewed immediately after the match. All matches were recorded on videotape. Main Outcome Measures: Head blow and concussion rates were calculated. Also, factors associated with head blows and concussions were analyzed. Results: The incidence of head blows and concussions was 226 and 50 per 1000 athlete exposures, respectively. Only 17% of competitors reported that they had had a concussion in the last 12 months. A multinomial logistic model showed that head blows and concussions were associated with young age and a lack of blocking skills. Conclusions: The incidence of head blows and concussions is high in competition taekwondo. Promoting blocking skills to prevent head blows could decrease concussions in taekwondo},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Finch, C F; Valuri, G; Ozanne-Smith, J
Injury surveillance during medical coverage of sporting events--development and testing of a standardised data collection form Journal Article
In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 2, pp. 42–56, 1999.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Finch1999,
title = {Injury surveillance during medical coverage of sporting events--development and testing of a standardised data collection form},
author = {Finch, C F and Valuri, G and Ozanne-Smith, J},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},
volume = {2},
pages = {42--56},
address = {School of Health Sciences, Deakin University.},
abstract = {Medical coverage services have the potential to play a key role in sports injury surveillance activities. Provided that injury surveillance activities are fully coordinated and a standardised data collection procedure is implemented, valuable sports injury information can be obtained by medical coverage personnel. This paper describes the development of a standardised injury data collection form for use by medical coverage personnel during large sporting events. The form was trialed during two large sporting events in Melbourne, Australia in 1995. A range of sports medicine and sports first aid personnel was involved in the trial and injury details were collected on all persons receiving treatment from the coverage team, irrespective of injury severity. The final sports injury data collection form is easy to use, can be used by all types of medical coverage personnel and can provide valuable data in a timely manner. The form has since been adopted as the injury data collection standard at a number of major Australian sporting events. Recommendations for incorporating injury surveillance activities when organising sporting events and planning medical coverage services are given. Suggestions for maximising compliance with data collection procedures are also discussed.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
for Disease Control, Centers; Prevention,
Sports-related recurrent brain injuries--United States Journal Article
In: MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 224–227, 1997.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology, Return to Play
@article{CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention1997,
title = {Sports-related recurrent brain injuries--United States},
author = {{Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
journal = {MMWR - Morbidity \& Mortality Weekly Report},
volume = {46},
number = {10},
pages = {224--227},
abstract = {An estimated 300,000 sports-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) of mild to moderate severity, most of which can be classified as concussions (i.e., conditions of temporarily altered mental status as a result of head trauma), occur in the United States each year. The proportion of these concussions that are repeat injuries is unknown; however, there is an increased risk for subsequent TBI among persons who have had at least one previous TBI. Repeated mild brain injuries occurring over an extended period (i.e., months or years) can result in cumulative neurologic and cognitive deficits, but repeated mild brain injuries occurring within a short period (i.e., hours, days, or weeks) can be catastrophic or fatal. The latter phenomenon, termed "second impact syndrome", has been reported more frequently since it was first characterized in 1984. This report describes two cases of second impact syndrome and presents recommendations developed by the American Academy of Neurology to prevent recurrent brain injuries in sports and their adverse consequences.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology, Return to Play},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Meeuwisse, W H; Love, E J
Athletic injury reporting. Development of universal systems Journal Article
In: Sports Medicine, vol. 24, pp. 184–204, 1997.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Meeuwisse1997,
title = {Athletic injury reporting. Development of universal systems},
author = {Meeuwisse, W H and Love, E J},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
journal = {Sports Medicine},
volume = {24},
pages = {184--204},
address = {Sport Medicine Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. meeuwiss@acs.ucalgary.ca},
abstract = {There are numerous athletic injury reporting systems currently in place. In order for our understanding of athletic injury epidemiology to advance, we must be able to compare data from divergent sources. This paper provides a review of existing athletic injury reporting systems in North America. The epidemiological designs employed in these systems are outlined, along with a description of the strengths and weaknesses of each approach to reporting. The differences between the case-series and cohort methods are delineated and the importance of injury definition, sources of error, denominator data and exposure estimation are discussed within this context. Four recommendations are then offered to assist in moving toward more universal systems for athletic injury reporting. First, comparability of data between systems should be maximised through clear indication of the reporting system design and the methods of data collection. Secondly, an exact definition should be given as to what constitutes a reportable event ('injury'). Thirdly, whenever possible, outcome information should be collected on each reported event so that an injury definition may be applied at the time of data analysis. Lastly, any limitations or sources of error should be acknowledged. [References: 40]},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Theadom, A; Parmar, P; Jones, K; Barker-Collo, S; Starkey, N J; McPherson, K M; Ameratunga, S; Feigin, V L; Group, Bionic Research
Frequency and impact of recurrent traumatic brain injury in a population-based sample Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, pp. 674–681, 2015.
@article{Theadom2015,
title = {Frequency and impact of recurrent traumatic brain injury in a population-based sample},
author = {Theadom, A and Parmar, P and Jones, K and Barker-Collo, S and Starkey, N J and McPherson, K M and Ameratunga, S and Feigin, V L and Group, Bionic Research},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {32},
pages = {674--681},
address = {Theadom,Alice. 1 National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology , Auckland, New Zealand .},
abstract = {The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, mechanism(s), and impact of recurrent traumatic brain injury (TBI) over a 1-year period. Population-based TBI incidence and 1-year outcomes study with embedded case-control analysis. All participants (adults and children) who experienced a recurrent TBI (more than one) in the 12 months after an index injury and matched controls who sustained one TBI within the same period were enrolled in a population-based TBI incidence and outcomes study. Details of all recurrent TBIs sustained within 12 months of the initial index injury were recorded. Each recurrent TBI case was matched to a case sustaining one TBI based on age (+/-2 years), gender, and index TBI severity. Cognitive ability, disability, and postconcussion symptoms (PCS) were assessed 1 year after the index injury. Overall, 9.9% (n=72) of TBI cases experienced at least one recurrent TBI within the year after initial index injury. Males, people \<35 years of age, and those who had experienced a TBI before their index injury were at highest risk of recurrent TBI. Recurrent TBI cases reported significantly increased PCS at 1 year, compared to the matched controls (n=72) sustaining one TBI. There was no difference in overall cognitive ability and disability between the two groups. People experiencing recurrent TBIs are more likely to experience increased frequency and severity of PCS. Greater public awareness of the potential effects of recurrent brain injury is needed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fuller, C W; Taylor, A; Raftery, M
Epidemiology of concussion in men's elite Rugby-7s (Sevens World Series) and Rugby-15s (Rugby World Cup, Junior World Championship and Rugby Trophy, Pacific Nations Cup and English Premiership) Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 49, pp. 478–483, 2015.
@article{Fuller2015,
title = {Epidemiology of concussion in men's elite Rugby-7s (Sevens World Series) and Rugby-15s (Rugby World Cup, Junior World Championship and Rugby Trophy, Pacific Nations Cup and English Premiership)},
author = {Fuller, C W and Taylor, A and Raftery, M},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {49},
pages = {478--483},
address = {Fuller,Colin W. International Rugby Board, Huguenot House, St Stephen's Green, Dublin, Ireland. Taylor,Aileen. International Rugby Board, Huguenot House, St Stephen's Green, Dublin, Ireland. Raftery,Martin. International Rugby Board, Huguenot House, St St},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, nature and causes of concussions sustained during men's elite professional Rugby-7s and Rugby-15s. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study recording injuries classified as a time-loss concussion. POPULATION: Players competing in the following tournaments: Rugby 15s-English Premiership (2007/2008 to 2010/2011), Rugby World Cup (2007, 2011), Pacific Nations Cup (2012, 2013), Junior World Championship (2008, 2010-2013), Junior World Rugby Trophy (2008, 2010-2013); Rugby 7s-Sevens World Series (2008/2009, 2010/2011 to 2012/2013). METHOD: The study was implemented according to the international consensus statement for epidemiological studies in rugby union; the main outcome measures included the number, incidence (number of concussions/1000 player-match-hours), mean and median severity (days absence) and cause of concussion. RESULTS: The incidence of concussion in Rugby-7s was significantly higher than that in Rugby-15s (risk ratio=1.84; p\<0.001). The severity of concussions were significantly higher in Rugby-7s than Rugby-15s (mean-Rugby-7s: 19.2, Rugby-15s: 10.1; median-Rugby 7s: 20, Rugby-15s: 7; p\<0.001). The main causes of concussion were tackling (44.1%) in Rugby-7s and collisions (43.6%) in Rugby-15s. Significantly more (risk ratio=1.49; p=0.004) concussed players were removed immediately from the game in Rugby-7s (69.7%) compared to Rugby-15s (46.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Six actions were identified to improve the management of concussion in rugby: implement a pitch-side concussion assessment protocol; improve compliance with return-to-play protocols; work with referees to review the nature and consequences of collisions; improve players' tackle technique; investigate the forces involved in tackles and collisions; and evaluate reasons for the higher incidence of concussions in Rugby-7s.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
King, D; Gissane, C; Brughelli, M; Hume, P A; Harawira, J
Sport-related concussions in New Zealand: a review of 10 years of Accident Compensation Corporation moderate to severe claims and costs Journal Article
In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 17, pp. 250–255, 2014.
@article{King2014e,
title = {Sport-related concussions in New Zealand: a review of 10 years of Accident Compensation Corporation moderate to severe claims and costs},
author = {King, D and Gissane, C and Brughelli, M and Hume, P A and Harawira, J},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},
volume = {17},
pages = {250--255},
address = {Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand; Emergency Department, Hutt Valley District Health Board, Lower Hutt, New Zealan},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This paper provides an overview of the epidemiology of sport-related concussion and associated costs in New Zealand requiring medical treatment from 2001 to 2011 in seven sports codes. DESIGN: A retrospective review of injury entitlement claims by seven sports from 2001 to 2011. METHODS: Data were analyzed by sporting code, age, ethnicity, gender and year of competition for total and moderate-to-severe (MSC) Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) claims and costs. RESULTS: A total of 20,902 claims costing $NZD 16,546,026 were recorded over the study period of which 1330 (6.4%) were MSC claims. The mean yearly number and costs of MSC claims were 133 + 36 and $1,303,942 + 378,949. Rugby union had the highest number of MSC claims per year (38; 95% CI 36-41 per 1000 MSC claims). New Zealand Maori recorded the highest total ($6,000,759) and mean cost ($21,120) per MSC claim. CONCLUSIONS: Although MSC injury claims were only 6.4% of total claims, they accounted for 79.1% of total costs indicating that although the majority of sport-related concussions may be minor in severity, the related economic costs associated with more serious sport-related concussion can be high. The finding that rugby union recorded the most MSC claims in the current study was not unexpected. Of concern is that rugby league recorded a low number of MSC claims but the highest mean cost per claim. Due to the high mean cost per concussion, and the high total and mean cost for New Zealand Maori, further investigation is warranted.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Clay, M B; Glover, K L; Lowe, D T
Epidemiology of concussion in sport: a literature review Journal Article
In: Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, vol. 12, pp. 230–251, 2013.
@article{Clay2013,
title = {Epidemiology of concussion in sport: a literature review},
author = {Clay, M B and Glover, K L and Lowe, D T},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Chiropractic Medicine},
volume = {12},
pages = {230--251},
address = {Clay,Michael B. Clinical Lead, Chiropractic Clinic, Naval Hospital Camp Lejeune, Camp Lejeune, NC. Glover,Kari L. Staff Clinician, Bodies in Balance Physical Therapy, Wilmington, NC. Lowe,Duane T. Staff Clinician, Inter-Disciplinary Pain Management Clinic},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to summarize sport concussion incidence data, identify sports that present higher injury frequency, reveal the degree of risk in some lesser-known sports, and outline specific details within the sports literature that raise additional concerns, such as helmet-to-helmet contact and player positions that experience frequent impact. METHODS: A systematic literature review of Pub Med using keyword search on injury, concussion, and sports was performed through May 2012. Abstracts were identified, selections were made based upon inclusion criteria, and full-length articles were obtained. Additional articles were considered following review of reference sections. Articles were reviewed and tabulated according to sport. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-nine articles were screened, and 62 articles were reviewed. The overall incidence of concussion in sport ranged from 0.1 to 21.5 per 1000 athletic exposures. The lowest incidence was reported in swimming and diving. Concussion incidence was highest in Canadian junior ice hockey, but elevated incidence in American football remains a concern because of the large number of participants. CONCLUSIONS: The literature reviewed included incidence of concussion on the field of play under real-world conditions and influenced by the current culture of sport. The studies examined in this article show that there is risk of concussion in nearly every sport. Some sports have higher concussion frequency than others, which may depend upon the forces and roles of the positions played in these sports. Younger athletes have a higher incidence of concussion, and female incidence is greater than male in many comparable sports. Headgear may reduce concussion in some sports but may also give athletes a false sense of protection.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ozbay, G; Bakkal, M; Abbasoglu, Z; Demirel, S; Kargul, B; Welbury, R
Incidence and prevention of traumatic injuries in paediatric handball players in Istanbul, Turkey Journal Article
In: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry: Official Journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, vol. 14, pp. 41–45, 2013.
@article{Ozbay2013,
title = {Incidence and prevention of traumatic injuries in paediatric handball players in Istanbul, Turkey},
author = {Ozbay, G and Bakkal, M and Abbasoglu, Z and Demirel, S and Kargul, B and Welbury, R},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry: Official Journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry},
volume = {14},
pages = {41--45},
address = {Ozbay,G. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Buyukciftlik Sok. No: 6, Nisantasi, Istanbul, Turkey.},
abstract = {AIM: To investigate the frequency of dental injuries in paediatric handball players. In addition, the players' habits with regard to mouthguard usage, as well as their general knowledge of the prevention of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) were investigated. Data were collected by structured one-to-one interviews with children of 14 randomly selected handball teams in the amateur national league. METHODS: The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions. The age, gender, trauma experience and league status of each interviewee was recorded. The interviews took place mainly at national championships or tournaments. RESULTS: A total of 212 individuals, 74 girls and 138 boys, were interviewed. Forty-one of the 212 participants (19.3 %) had sustained a dental injury. The mean age of participants was 12 +/- 1.6 years. Concussion was the most frequent finding and the cause of injury was a blow from another player. The number of individuals that were aware of mouthguards was only 15.6 % and surprisingly no players used mouthguards. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that handball players need more knowledge and education considering the prevention of TDIs from their sports clubs and dentists. The importance of adequate facial protection in contact sports should be endorsed by all sports clubs, and parents advised accordingly.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
for Disease Control, Centers; Prevention,
Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries related to sports and recreation activities among persons aged <=19 years--United States, 2001-2009 Journal Article
In: MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 60, no. 39, pp. 1337–1342, 2011.
@article{CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention2011,
title = {Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries related to sports and recreation activities among persons aged \<=19 years--United States, 2001-2009},
author = {{Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {MMWR - Morbidity \& Mortality Weekly Report},
volume = {60},
number = {39},
pages = {1337--1342},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) from participation in sports and recreation activities have received increased public awareness, with many states and the federal government considering or implementing laws directing the response to suspected brain injury. Whereas public health programs promote the many benefits of sports and recreation activities, those benefits are tempered by the risk for injury. During 2001--2005, an estimated 207,830 emergency department (ED) visits for concussions and other TBIs related to sports and recreation activities were reported annually, with 65% of TBIs occurring among children aged 5--18 years. Compared with adults, younger persons are at increased risk for TBIs with increased severity and prolonged recovery. To assess and characterize TBIs from sports and recreation activities among children and adolescents, CDC analyzed data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System--All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) for the period 2001--2009. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that an estimated 173,285 persons aged \<=19 years were treated in EDs annually for nonfatal TBIs related to sports and recreation activities. From 2001 to 2009, the number of annual TBI-related ED visits increased significantly, from 153,375 to 248,418, with the highest rates among males aged 10--19 years. By increasing awareness of TBI risks from sports and recreation, employing proper technique and protective equipment, and quickly responding to injuries, the incidence, severity, and long-term negative health effects of TBIs among children and adolescents can be reduced.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Daneshvar, Daniel H; Nowinski, Christopher J; McKee, Ann C; Cantu, Robert C
The epidemiology of sport-related concussion Journal Article
In: Clinics in Sports Medicine, vol. 30, pp. 1–17, 2011.
@article{Daneshvar2011b,
title = {The epidemiology of sport-related concussion},
author = {Daneshvar, Daniel H and Nowinski, Christopher J and McKee, Ann C and Cantu, Robert C},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Clinics in Sports Medicine},
volume = {30},
pages = {1--17},
address = {Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, 72 East Concord Street, B7800, Boston, MA 02118, USA. ddanesh@bu.edu},
abstract = {Concussions and head injuries may never be completely eliminated from sports. However, with better data comes an improved understanding of the types of actions and activities that typically result in concussions. With this knowledge can come improved techniques and rule changes to minimize the rate and severity of concussions in sports. This article identifies the factors that affect concussion rate.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hawkeswood, Jonathan; Finlayson, Heather; O'Connor, Russ; Anton, Hugh
A pilot survey on injury and safety concerns in international sledge hockey Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, vol. 6, pp. 173–185, 2011.
@article{Hawkeswood2011,
title = {A pilot survey on injury and safety concerns in international sledge hockey},
author = {Hawkeswood, Jonathan and Finlayson, Heather and O'Connor, Russ and Anton, Hugh},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy},
volume = {6},
pages = {173--185},
address = {University of British Columbia Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe sledge hockey injury patterns, safety issues and to develop potential injury prevention strategies. DESIGN: Pilot survey study of international sledge hockey professionals, including trainers, physiotherapists, physicians, coaches and/or general managers. SETTING: Personal encounter or online correspondence. RESPONDENTS: Sledge hockey professionals; a total of 10 respondents from the 5 top-ranked international teams recruited by personal encounter or online correspondence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Descriptive Data reports on sledge athlete injury characteristics, quality of rules and enforcement, player equipment, challenges in the medical management during competition, and overall safety. RESULTS: Muscle strains and concussions were identified as common, and injuries were reported to affect the upper body more frequently than the lower body. Overuse and body checking were predominant injury mechanisms. Safety concerns included excessive elbowing, inexperienced refereeing and inadequate equipment standards. CONCLUSIONS: This paper is the first publication primarily focused on sledge hockey injury and safety. This information provides unique opportunity for the consideration of implementation and evaluation of safety strategies. Safety interventions could include improved hand protection, cut-resistant materials in high-risk areas, increased vigilance to reduce intentional head-contact, lowered rink boards and modified bathroom floor surfacing.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Elhammali, N; Bremerich, A; Rustemeyer, J
Demographical and clinical aspects of sports-related maxillofacial and skull base fractures in hospitalized patients Journal Article
In: International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 39, pp. 857–862, 2010.
@article{Elhammali2010,
title = {Demographical and clinical aspects of sports-related maxillofacial and skull base fractures in hospitalized patients},
author = {Elhammali, N and Bremerich, A and Rustemeyer, J},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Oral \& Maxillofacial Surgery},
volume = {39},
pages = {857--862},
address = {Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center Hospital, Bremen, Germany.},
abstract = {As many as 30% of all maxillofacial fractures (MFFs) and skull base fractures (SBFs) are reported to be sports-related. Participation in sporting activities has grown worldwide and the number of cases of sports-related injuries has also increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the data of 3596 patients hospitalized by MFF or SBF over a 6-year period; 147 (4%) of these cases were sports-related (mean age 29.7+/-12.8 years). The highest incidence was found in patients aged 20-29 years (35%), and the fractures resulted mostly from ball sports (74%), especially soccer (59%) and handball (8%). The injuries involved different areas, with a significant prevalence of the midface complex (67%) compared with the mandible region (29%) and the skull base (4%). The commonest diagnoses associated with MFF and SBF were brain concussion (19%), laceration of the skin and soft tissue (16%), and dental injury (8%). Surgery was required for 88% of midface fractures. In cases of mandible fractures 52% were supplied with osteosynthesis. This study identified the significant number of severe sports-related injuries that occur each year, suggesting that changes of rules and safety standards are needed for the prevention of such injuries.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Tator, Charles H
Let's standardize the definition of concussion and get reliable incidence data Journal Article
In: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, vol. 36, pp. 405–406, 2009.
@article{Tator2009b,
title = {Let's standardize the definition of concussion and get reliable incidence data},
author = {Tator, Charles H},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences},
volume = {36},
pages = {405--406},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Junge, A; Engebretsen, L; Alonso, J M; Renstrom, P; Mountjoy, M; Aubry, M; Dvorak, J
Injury surveillance in multi-sport events: the International Olympic Committee approach Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 42, pp. 413–421, 2008.
@article{Junge2008,
title = {Injury surveillance in multi-sport events: the International Olympic Committee approach},
author = {Junge, A and Engebretsen, L and Alonso, J M and Renstrom, P and Mountjoy, M and Aubry, M and Dvorak, J},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {42},
pages = {413--421},
address = {FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC), Zurich, Switzerland. astrid.junge@kws.ch},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The protection of athletes' health by preventing injuries is an important task for international sports federations. Standardised injury surveillance provides not only important epidemiological information, but also directions for injury prevention, and the opportunity for monitoring long-term changes in the frequency and circumstances of injury. Numerous studies have evaluated sports injuries during the season, but few have focused on injuries during major sport events such as World Championships, World Cups or the Olympic Games. OBJECTIVES: To provide an injury surveillance system for multi-sports tournaments, using the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing as an example. METHODS: A group of experienced researchers reviewed existing injury report systems and developed a scientific sound and concise injury surveillance system for large multi-sport events. RESULTS: The injury report system for multi-sport events is based on an established system for team sports tournaments and has proved feasible for individual sports during the International Association of Athletics Federations World Championships in Athletics 2007. The most important principles and advantages of the system are comprehensive definition of injury, injury report by the physician responsible for the athlete, a single-page report of all injuries, and daily report irrespective of whether or not an injury occurred. Implementation of the injury surveillance system, all definitions, the report form, and the analysis of data are described in detail to enable other researchers to implement the injury surveillance system in any sports tournament. CONCLUSION: The injury surveillance system has been accepted by experienced team physicians and shown to be feasible for single-sport and multi-sport events. It can be modified depending on the specific objectives of a certain sport or research question; however, a standardised use of injury definition, report forms and methodology will ensure the comparability of results. [References: 46]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Goldberg, Andrea S; Moroz, Leslie; Smith, Angela; Ganley, Theodore
Injury surveillance in young athletes: a clinician's guide to sports injury literature Journal Article
In: Sports Medicine, vol. 37, pp. 265–278, 2007.
@article{Goldberg2007,
title = {Injury surveillance in young athletes: a clinician's guide to sports injury literature},
author = {Goldberg, Andrea S and Moroz, Leslie and Smith, Angela and Ganley, Theodore},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Sports Medicine},
volume = {37},
pages = {265--278},
address = {School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.},
abstract = {As participation in junior, high-school and college sports has increased dramatically over the last three decades, sports injuries have increased commensurately. In the US alone, sports-related injuries account for 2.6 million visits to the emergency room made by children and young adults (aged 5-24 years). Injuries sustained by high-school athletes have resulted in 500000 doctor visits, 30000 hospitalisations and a total cost to the healthcare system of nearly 2 billion dollars per year. Sports injury surveillance studies have long formed the backbone of injury prevention research, serving to highlight the types and patterns of injury that merit further investigation. Injury surveillance studies have been integral in guiding rule changes, equipment improvement and training regimens that prevent injury. Despite findings that the methodology of injury surveillance studies may significantly influence the design and efficacy of preventative interventions, relatively few sources address epidemiological considerations involved in such studies. The purpose of this review is 3-fold. First, to perform a review of the current injury surveillance literature in order to identify key epidemiological and methodological issues that arise when reading or conducting an injury surveillance study. Second, to identify and describe how injury surveillance studies have addressed these issues. Third, to provide recommendations about the identified issues in order to guide clinicians in the interpretation of data presented in such studies. Searches of Ovid MEDLINE (1966-present) and PubMed were performed. Thirty-three descriptive and review articles addressing epidemiological and methodological considerations in injury surveillance were selected, as well as 54 cohort studies and studies with an experimental design. Data with respect to each study's treatment of the three epidemiological issues of interest were extracted and synthesised into a table. This review identifies the following three key epidemiological issues to consider when reading injury surveillance literature or when designing an injury surveillance study: (i) the definition of a sports injury; (ii) the denominator with which injuries are reported; and (iii) the method of data collection. A meaningful definition of injury should incorporate time lost from participation in order to reduce the bias associated with estimates of incidence. The use of multiple denominators (e.g. both athlete-hours of exposure and total athletes) provides the most precise information about injury rate and injury risk. The method of data collection that captures the widest range of injuries, while also allowing for the collection of exposure data, will vary depending on geographical location and the organisation of youth sports in that area. [References: 89]},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Arbeau, Ryan P; Gordon, Kevin E; McCurdie, Glen
Mayhem on the ice: do players' injuries put team staff at risk of injury?.[Erratum appears in Can Fam Physician. 2007 Oct;53(10):1661] Journal Article
In: Canadian Family Physician, vol. 53, pp. 1488–1492, 2007.
@article{Arbeau2007,
title = {Mayhem on the ice: do players' injuries put team staff at risk of injury?.[Erratum appears in Can Fam Physician. 2007 Oct;53(10):1661]},
author = {Arbeau, Ryan P and Gordon, Kevin E and McCurdie, Glen},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Canadian Family Physician},
volume = {53},
pages = {1488--1492},
address = {Dalhousie University in Halifax, NS, Canada.},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential for serious injury and the nature of injuries incurred as team staff or support personnel cross ice surfaces to get to players' benches or to attend to injured players. DESIGN: Hybrid study, case series with survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Circumstances and nature of reported injuries. RESULTS: Over 4 seasons, 988 injuries to team staff or support personnel were reported, including 94 concussions, 5 injuries to internal organs, 226 fractures, and 86 separations or dislocations. Most of the injuries were incurred by team staff or support personnel responsible for the welfare of players (managers, trainers, therapists, and emergency medical staff). CONCLUSION: Team staff and support personnel incur serious injuries as a result of falls on the ice. Several preventive strategies can be put in place: changes in rink design, policies restricting access to the ice surface, and encouraging team staff and support personnel who must cross the ice surface to attend to injured players to wear gait-stabilizing devices.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Moulton, Donalee
Secret locker room game causing concussions Journal Article
In: CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 177, pp. 25, 2007.
@article{Moulton2007,
title = {Secret locker room game causing concussions},
author = {Moulton, Donalee},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal},
volume = {177},
pages = {25},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
for Disease Control, Centers; Prevention,
Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries from sports and recreation activities--United States, 2001-2005 Journal Article
In: MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 56, no. 29, pp. 733–737, 2007.
@article{CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention2007,
title = {Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries from sports and recreation activities--United States, 2001-2005},
author = {{Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {MMWR - Morbidity \& Mortality Weekly Report},
volume = {56},
number = {29},
pages = {733--737},
abstract = {Each year in the United States, an estimated 38 million children and adolescents participate in organized sports, and approximately 170 million adults participate in some type of physical activity not related to work. The health benefits of these activities are tempered by the risk for injury, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). CDC estimates that 1.1 million persons with TBIs are treated and released from U.S. hospital emergency departments (EDs) each year, and an additional 235,000 are hospitalized for these injuries. TBIs can result in long-term, negative health effects (e.g., memory loss and behavioral changes). To characterize sports- and recreation-related (SR-related) TBIs among patients treated in U.S. hospital EDs, CDC analyzed data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System--All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) for the period 2001-2005. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that an estimated 207,830 patients with nonfatal SR-related TBIs were treated in EDs each year during this period. The highest rates of SR-related TBI ED visits for both males and females occurred among those aged 10-14 years. Increased awareness of TBI risks, prevention strategies, and the importance of timely identification and management is essential for reducing the incidence, severity, and long-term negative health effects of this type of injury.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cusimano, M D; Chipman, M; Glazier, R H; Rinner, C; Marshall, S P
Geomatics in injury prevention: the science, the potential and the limitations Journal Article
In: Injury Prevention, vol. 13, pp. 51–56, 2007.
@article{Cusimano2007,
title = {Geomatics in injury prevention: the science, the potential and the limitations},
author = {Cusimano, M D and Chipman, M and Glazier, R H and Rinner, C and Marshall, S P},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Injury Prevention},
volume = {13},
pages = {51--56},
address = {Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, and Center for Inner City Health, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. injuryprevention@smh.toronto.on.ca},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Geomatics describes the activities involved in acquiring and managing geographical data and producing geographical information for scientific, administrative and technical endeavors. As an emerging science, geomatics has a great potential to support public health. Geomatics provides a conceptual foundation for the development of geographic information systems (GIS), computerized tools that manage and display geographical data for analytical applications. As descriptive epidemiology typically involves the examination of person, place and time in the occurrence of disease or injury, geomatics and GIS can play an important role in understanding and preventing injury. AIM: This article provides a background to geomatics for those in the injury prevention field who are unfamiliar with spatial analysis. We hope to stimulate researchers and practitioners to begin to use geomatics to assist in the prevention of injury. METHODS: The authors illustrate the potential benefits and limitations of geomatics in injury prevention in a non-technical way through the use of maps and analysis. RESULTS: By analysing the location of patients treated for fall injuries in Central Toronto using GIS, some demographic and land use variables, such as household income, age, and the location of homeless shelters, were identified as explanatory factors for the spatial distribution. CONCLUSION: By supporting novel approaches to injury prevention, geomatics has a great potential for efforts to combat the burden of injury. Despite some limitations, those with an interest in injury prevention could benefit from this science.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Pickett, W; Streight, S; Simpson, K; Brison, R J; Cusimano, M
Head injuries in youth soccer players presenting to the emergency department Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 39, pp. 226–231, 2005, ISSN: 0306-3674.
@article{Pickett2005,
title = {Head injuries in youth soccer players presenting to the emergency department},
author = {Pickett, W and Streight, S and Simpson, K and Brison, R J and Cusimano, M},
doi = {10.1136/bjsm.2004.013169},
issn = {0306-3674},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {39},
pages = {226--231},
abstract = {Background: There has been recent concern about neuropsychological injuries experienced by soccer players, particularly related to the purposeful heading of the ball. There are few population based analyses examining whether this is a legitimate concern. Objectives: To explore, using an existing injury surveillance system, one of many parts of this issue: acute injuries requiring emergency medical care experienced by youth soccer players. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological analysis of emergency department injury surveillance data (1996-2001) for youths aged 10-24 years from the Kingston sites of the Canadian Hospital Injury Reporting and Prevention Program. Results: A total of 1714 cases of soccer injury were identified (mean 286 a year); 235 (13.7%) involved diagnoses of injuries to the head. Leading mechanical factors resulting in head injury were contact with other players or persons (153/235; 65.1%) and balls (62/235; 26.4%). Heading was reported in 4/62 (6%) of the ball contact injuries, and attempted heading was reported in 15/153 (9.8%) of the cases involving person to person contact. Unspecified head to head contact between players was reported in 39 cases. Conclusions: Minor head injuries that result in emergency medical treatment do not happen often in youth soccer, and very few can be attributed to the purposeful heading of the ball. Player contact injuries appear to be a more important injury control concern. This study informs one of many aspects of the soccer heading injury debate.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Koh, J O; Cassidy, J D
Incidence study of head blows and concussions in competition taekwondo Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 14, pp. 72–79, 2004, ISSN: 1050-642X.
@article{Koh2004,
title = {Incidence study of head blows and concussions in competition taekwondo},
author = {Koh, J O and Cassidy, J D},
issn = {1050-642X},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {14},
pages = {72--79},
abstract = {Objective: To examine the incidence of head blows and concussions in competition taekwondo. Design: Incidence cohort design. Setting: Tackwondo tournament in 2001, in South Korea. Participants: A total of 2328 competitors (female, 676; male, 1652; age, 11-19 years) from 424 schools participated in the tournament. All recipients of head blows were interviewed immediately after the match. All matches were recorded on videotape. Main Outcome Measures: Head blow and concussion rates were calculated. Also, factors associated with head blows and concussions were analyzed. Results: The incidence of head blows and concussions was 226 and 50 per 1000 athlete exposures, respectively. Only 17% of competitors reported that they had had a concussion in the last 12 months. A multinomial logistic model showed that head blows and concussions were associated with young age and a lack of blocking skills. Conclusions: The incidence of head blows and concussions is high in competition taekwondo. Promoting blocking skills to prevent head blows could decrease concussions in taekwondo},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Finch, C F; Valuri, G; Ozanne-Smith, J
Injury surveillance during medical coverage of sporting events--development and testing of a standardised data collection form Journal Article
In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 2, pp. 42–56, 1999.
@article{Finch1999,
title = {Injury surveillance during medical coverage of sporting events--development and testing of a standardised data collection form},
author = {Finch, C F and Valuri, G and Ozanne-Smith, J},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},
volume = {2},
pages = {42--56},
address = {School of Health Sciences, Deakin University.},
abstract = {Medical coverage services have the potential to play a key role in sports injury surveillance activities. Provided that injury surveillance activities are fully coordinated and a standardised data collection procedure is implemented, valuable sports injury information can be obtained by medical coverage personnel. This paper describes the development of a standardised injury data collection form for use by medical coverage personnel during large sporting events. The form was trialed during two large sporting events in Melbourne, Australia in 1995. A range of sports medicine and sports first aid personnel was involved in the trial and injury details were collected on all persons receiving treatment from the coverage team, irrespective of injury severity. The final sports injury data collection form is easy to use, can be used by all types of medical coverage personnel and can provide valuable data in a timely manner. The form has since been adopted as the injury data collection standard at a number of major Australian sporting events. Recommendations for incorporating injury surveillance activities when organising sporting events and planning medical coverage services are given. Suggestions for maximising compliance with data collection procedures are also discussed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
for Disease Control, Centers; Prevention,
Sports-related recurrent brain injuries--United States Journal Article
In: MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 224–227, 1997.
@article{CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention1997,
title = {Sports-related recurrent brain injuries--United States},
author = {{Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
journal = {MMWR - Morbidity \& Mortality Weekly Report},
volume = {46},
number = {10},
pages = {224--227},
abstract = {An estimated 300,000 sports-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) of mild to moderate severity, most of which can be classified as concussions (i.e., conditions of temporarily altered mental status as a result of head trauma), occur in the United States each year. The proportion of these concussions that are repeat injuries is unknown; however, there is an increased risk for subsequent TBI among persons who have had at least one previous TBI. Repeated mild brain injuries occurring over an extended period (i.e., months or years) can result in cumulative neurologic and cognitive deficits, but repeated mild brain injuries occurring within a short period (i.e., hours, days, or weeks) can be catastrophic or fatal. The latter phenomenon, termed "second impact syndrome", has been reported more frequently since it was first characterized in 1984. This report describes two cases of second impact syndrome and presents recommendations developed by the American Academy of Neurology to prevent recurrent brain injuries in sports and their adverse consequences.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Theadom, A; Parmar, P; Jones, K; Barker-Collo, S; Starkey, N J; McPherson, K M; Ameratunga, S; Feigin, V L; Group, Bionic Research
Frequency and impact of recurrent traumatic brain injury in a population-based sample Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 32, pp. 674–681, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Theadom2015,
title = {Frequency and impact of recurrent traumatic brain injury in a population-based sample},
author = {Theadom, A and Parmar, P and Jones, K and Barker-Collo, S and Starkey, N J and McPherson, K M and Ameratunga, S and Feigin, V L and Group, Bionic Research},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {32},
pages = {674--681},
address = {Theadom,Alice. 1 National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology , Auckland, New Zealand .},
abstract = {The aim of this study was to determine the frequency, mechanism(s), and impact of recurrent traumatic brain injury (TBI) over a 1-year period. Population-based TBI incidence and 1-year outcomes study with embedded case-control analysis. All participants (adults and children) who experienced a recurrent TBI (more than one) in the 12 months after an index injury and matched controls who sustained one TBI within the same period were enrolled in a population-based TBI incidence and outcomes study. Details of all recurrent TBIs sustained within 12 months of the initial index injury were recorded. Each recurrent TBI case was matched to a case sustaining one TBI based on age (+/-2 years), gender, and index TBI severity. Cognitive ability, disability, and postconcussion symptoms (PCS) were assessed 1 year after the index injury. Overall, 9.9% (n=72) of TBI cases experienced at least one recurrent TBI within the year after initial index injury. Males, people \<35 years of age, and those who had experienced a TBI before their index injury were at highest risk of recurrent TBI. Recurrent TBI cases reported significantly increased PCS at 1 year, compared to the matched controls (n=72) sustaining one TBI. There was no difference in overall cognitive ability and disability between the two groups. People experiencing recurrent TBIs are more likely to experience increased frequency and severity of PCS. Greater public awareness of the potential effects of recurrent brain injury is needed.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fuller, C W; Taylor, A; Raftery, M
Epidemiology of concussion in men's elite Rugby-7s (Sevens World Series) and Rugby-15s (Rugby World Cup, Junior World Championship and Rugby Trophy, Pacific Nations Cup and English Premiership) Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 49, pp. 478–483, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Fuller2015,
title = {Epidemiology of concussion in men's elite Rugby-7s (Sevens World Series) and Rugby-15s (Rugby World Cup, Junior World Championship and Rugby Trophy, Pacific Nations Cup and English Premiership)},
author = {Fuller, C W and Taylor, A and Raftery, M},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {49},
pages = {478--483},
address = {Fuller,Colin W. International Rugby Board, Huguenot House, St Stephen's Green, Dublin, Ireland. Taylor,Aileen. International Rugby Board, Huguenot House, St Stephen's Green, Dublin, Ireland. Raftery,Martin. International Rugby Board, Huguenot House, St St},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, nature and causes of concussions sustained during men's elite professional Rugby-7s and Rugby-15s. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study recording injuries classified as a time-loss concussion. POPULATION: Players competing in the following tournaments: Rugby 15s-English Premiership (2007/2008 to 2010/2011), Rugby World Cup (2007, 2011), Pacific Nations Cup (2012, 2013), Junior World Championship (2008, 2010-2013), Junior World Rugby Trophy (2008, 2010-2013); Rugby 7s-Sevens World Series (2008/2009, 2010/2011 to 2012/2013). METHOD: The study was implemented according to the international consensus statement for epidemiological studies in rugby union; the main outcome measures included the number, incidence (number of concussions/1000 player-match-hours), mean and median severity (days absence) and cause of concussion. RESULTS: The incidence of concussion in Rugby-7s was significantly higher than that in Rugby-15s (risk ratio=1.84; p\<0.001). The severity of concussions were significantly higher in Rugby-7s than Rugby-15s (mean-Rugby-7s: 19.2, Rugby-15s: 10.1; median-Rugby 7s: 20, Rugby-15s: 7; p\<0.001). The main causes of concussion were tackling (44.1%) in Rugby-7s and collisions (43.6%) in Rugby-15s. Significantly more (risk ratio=1.49; p=0.004) concussed players were removed immediately from the game in Rugby-7s (69.7%) compared to Rugby-15s (46.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Six actions were identified to improve the management of concussion in rugby: implement a pitch-side concussion assessment protocol; improve compliance with return-to-play protocols; work with referees to review the nature and consequences of collisions; improve players' tackle technique; investigate the forces involved in tackles and collisions; and evaluate reasons for the higher incidence of concussions in Rugby-7s.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
King, D; Gissane, C; Brughelli, M; Hume, P A; Harawira, J
Sport-related concussions in New Zealand: a review of 10 years of Accident Compensation Corporation moderate to severe claims and costs Journal Article
In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 17, pp. 250–255, 2014.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{King2014e,
title = {Sport-related concussions in New Zealand: a review of 10 years of Accident Compensation Corporation moderate to severe claims and costs},
author = {King, D and Gissane, C and Brughelli, M and Hume, P A and Harawira, J},
year = {2014},
date = {2014-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},
volume = {17},
pages = {250--255},
address = {Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, School of Sport and Recreation, Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand; Emergency Department, Hutt Valley District Health Board, Lower Hutt, New Zealan},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This paper provides an overview of the epidemiology of sport-related concussion and associated costs in New Zealand requiring medical treatment from 2001 to 2011 in seven sports codes. DESIGN: A retrospective review of injury entitlement claims by seven sports from 2001 to 2011. METHODS: Data were analyzed by sporting code, age, ethnicity, gender and year of competition for total and moderate-to-severe (MSC) Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) claims and costs. RESULTS: A total of 20,902 claims costing $NZD 16,546,026 were recorded over the study period of which 1330 (6.4%) were MSC claims. The mean yearly number and costs of MSC claims were 133 + 36 and $1,303,942 + 378,949. Rugby union had the highest number of MSC claims per year (38; 95% CI 36-41 per 1000 MSC claims). New Zealand Maori recorded the highest total ($6,000,759) and mean cost ($21,120) per MSC claim. CONCLUSIONS: Although MSC injury claims were only 6.4% of total claims, they accounted for 79.1% of total costs indicating that although the majority of sport-related concussions may be minor in severity, the related economic costs associated with more serious sport-related concussion can be high. The finding that rugby union recorded the most MSC claims in the current study was not unexpected. Of concern is that rugby league recorded a low number of MSC claims but the highest mean cost per claim. Due to the high mean cost per concussion, and the high total and mean cost for New Zealand Maori, further investigation is warranted.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Clay, M B; Glover, K L; Lowe, D T
Epidemiology of concussion in sport: a literature review Journal Article
In: Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, vol. 12, pp. 230–251, 2013.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Clay2013,
title = {Epidemiology of concussion in sport: a literature review},
author = {Clay, M B and Glover, K L and Lowe, D T},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Chiropractic Medicine},
volume = {12},
pages = {230--251},
address = {Clay,Michael B. Clinical Lead, Chiropractic Clinic, Naval Hospital Camp Lejeune, Camp Lejeune, NC. Glover,Kari L. Staff Clinician, Bodies in Balance Physical Therapy, Wilmington, NC. Lowe,Duane T. Staff Clinician, Inter-Disciplinary Pain Management Clinic},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to summarize sport concussion incidence data, identify sports that present higher injury frequency, reveal the degree of risk in some lesser-known sports, and outline specific details within the sports literature that raise additional concerns, such as helmet-to-helmet contact and player positions that experience frequent impact. METHODS: A systematic literature review of Pub Med using keyword search on injury, concussion, and sports was performed through May 2012. Abstracts were identified, selections were made based upon inclusion criteria, and full-length articles were obtained. Additional articles were considered following review of reference sections. Articles were reviewed and tabulated according to sport. RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-nine articles were screened, and 62 articles were reviewed. The overall incidence of concussion in sport ranged from 0.1 to 21.5 per 1000 athletic exposures. The lowest incidence was reported in swimming and diving. Concussion incidence was highest in Canadian junior ice hockey, but elevated incidence in American football remains a concern because of the large number of participants. CONCLUSIONS: The literature reviewed included incidence of concussion on the field of play under real-world conditions and influenced by the current culture of sport. The studies examined in this article show that there is risk of concussion in nearly every sport. Some sports have higher concussion frequency than others, which may depend upon the forces and roles of the positions played in these sports. Younger athletes have a higher incidence of concussion, and female incidence is greater than male in many comparable sports. Headgear may reduce concussion in some sports but may also give athletes a false sense of protection.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ozbay, G; Bakkal, M; Abbasoglu, Z; Demirel, S; Kargul, B; Welbury, R
Incidence and prevention of traumatic injuries in paediatric handball players in Istanbul, Turkey Journal Article
In: European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry: Official Journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry, vol. 14, pp. 41–45, 2013.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Ozbay2013,
title = {Incidence and prevention of traumatic injuries in paediatric handball players in Istanbul, Turkey},
author = {Ozbay, G and Bakkal, M and Abbasoglu, Z and Demirel, S and Kargul, B and Welbury, R},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry: Official Journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry},
volume = {14},
pages = {41--45},
address = {Ozbay,G. Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Buyukciftlik Sok. No: 6, Nisantasi, Istanbul, Turkey.},
abstract = {AIM: To investigate the frequency of dental injuries in paediatric handball players. In addition, the players' habits with regard to mouthguard usage, as well as their general knowledge of the prevention of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) were investigated. Data were collected by structured one-to-one interviews with children of 14 randomly selected handball teams in the amateur national league. METHODS: The questionnaire consisted of 15 questions. The age, gender, trauma experience and league status of each interviewee was recorded. The interviews took place mainly at national championships or tournaments. RESULTS: A total of 212 individuals, 74 girls and 138 boys, were interviewed. Forty-one of the 212 participants (19.3 %) had sustained a dental injury. The mean age of participants was 12 +/- 1.6 years. Concussion was the most frequent finding and the cause of injury was a blow from another player. The number of individuals that were aware of mouthguards was only 15.6 % and surprisingly no players used mouthguards. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that handball players need more knowledge and education considering the prevention of TDIs from their sports clubs and dentists. The importance of adequate facial protection in contact sports should be endorsed by all sports clubs, and parents advised accordingly.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
for Disease Control, Centers; Prevention,
Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries related to sports and recreation activities among persons aged <=19 years--United States, 2001-2009 Journal Article
In: MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 60, no. 39, pp. 1337–1342, 2011.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology, Other Sports
@article{CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention2011,
title = {Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries related to sports and recreation activities among persons aged \<=19 years--United States, 2001-2009},
author = {{Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {MMWR - Morbidity \& Mortality Weekly Report},
volume = {60},
number = {39},
pages = {1337--1342},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) from participation in sports and recreation activities have received increased public awareness, with many states and the federal government considering or implementing laws directing the response to suspected brain injury. Whereas public health programs promote the many benefits of sports and recreation activities, those benefits are tempered by the risk for injury. During 2001--2005, an estimated 207,830 emergency department (ED) visits for concussions and other TBIs related to sports and recreation activities were reported annually, with 65% of TBIs occurring among children aged 5--18 years. Compared with adults, younger persons are at increased risk for TBIs with increased severity and prolonged recovery. To assess and characterize TBIs from sports and recreation activities among children and adolescents, CDC analyzed data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System--All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) for the period 2001--2009. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that an estimated 173,285 persons aged \<=19 years were treated in EDs annually for nonfatal TBIs related to sports and recreation activities. From 2001 to 2009, the number of annual TBI-related ED visits increased significantly, from 153,375 to 248,418, with the highest rates among males aged 10--19 years. By increasing awareness of TBI risks from sports and recreation, employing proper technique and protective equipment, and quickly responding to injuries, the incidence, severity, and long-term negative health effects of TBIs among children and adolescents can be reduced.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology, Other Sports},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Daneshvar, Daniel H; Nowinski, Christopher J; McKee, Ann C; Cantu, Robert C
The epidemiology of sport-related concussion Journal Article
In: Clinics in Sports Medicine, vol. 30, pp. 1–17, 2011.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Daneshvar2011b,
title = {The epidemiology of sport-related concussion},
author = {Daneshvar, Daniel H and Nowinski, Christopher J and McKee, Ann C and Cantu, Robert C},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {Clinics in Sports Medicine},
volume = {30},
pages = {1--17},
address = {Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy, 72 East Concord Street, B7800, Boston, MA 02118, USA. ddanesh@bu.edu},
abstract = {Concussions and head injuries may never be completely eliminated from sports. However, with better data comes an improved understanding of the types of actions and activities that typically result in concussions. With this knowledge can come improved techniques and rule changes to minimize the rate and severity of concussions in sports. This article identifies the factors that affect concussion rate.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hawkeswood, Jonathan; Finlayson, Heather; O'Connor, Russ; Anton, Hugh
A pilot survey on injury and safety concerns in international sledge hockey Journal Article
In: International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, vol. 6, pp. 173–185, 2011.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Hawkeswood2011,
title = {A pilot survey on injury and safety concerns in international sledge hockey},
author = {Hawkeswood, Jonathan and Finlayson, Heather and O'Connor, Russ and Anton, Hugh},
year = {2011},
date = {2011-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy},
volume = {6},
pages = {173--185},
address = {University of British Columbia Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe sledge hockey injury patterns, safety issues and to develop potential injury prevention strategies. DESIGN: Pilot survey study of international sledge hockey professionals, including trainers, physiotherapists, physicians, coaches and/or general managers. SETTING: Personal encounter or online correspondence. RESPONDENTS: Sledge hockey professionals; a total of 10 respondents from the 5 top-ranked international teams recruited by personal encounter or online correspondence. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Descriptive Data reports on sledge athlete injury characteristics, quality of rules and enforcement, player equipment, challenges in the medical management during competition, and overall safety. RESULTS: Muscle strains and concussions were identified as common, and injuries were reported to affect the upper body more frequently than the lower body. Overuse and body checking were predominant injury mechanisms. Safety concerns included excessive elbowing, inexperienced refereeing and inadequate equipment standards. CONCLUSIONS: This paper is the first publication primarily focused on sledge hockey injury and safety. This information provides unique opportunity for the consideration of implementation and evaluation of safety strategies. Safety interventions could include improved hand protection, cut-resistant materials in high-risk areas, increased vigilance to reduce intentional head-contact, lowered rink boards and modified bathroom floor surfacing.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Elhammali, N; Bremerich, A; Rustemeyer, J
Demographical and clinical aspects of sports-related maxillofacial and skull base fractures in hospitalized patients Journal Article
In: International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 39, pp. 857–862, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Elhammali2010,
title = {Demographical and clinical aspects of sports-related maxillofacial and skull base fractures in hospitalized patients},
author = {Elhammali, N and Bremerich, A and Rustemeyer, J},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {International Journal of Oral \& Maxillofacial Surgery},
volume = {39},
pages = {857--862},
address = {Department of Cranio- and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center Hospital, Bremen, Germany.},
abstract = {As many as 30% of all maxillofacial fractures (MFFs) and skull base fractures (SBFs) are reported to be sports-related. Participation in sporting activities has grown worldwide and the number of cases of sports-related injuries has also increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the data of 3596 patients hospitalized by MFF or SBF over a 6-year period; 147 (4%) of these cases were sports-related (mean age 29.7+/-12.8 years). The highest incidence was found in patients aged 20-29 years (35%), and the fractures resulted mostly from ball sports (74%), especially soccer (59%) and handball (8%). The injuries involved different areas, with a significant prevalence of the midface complex (67%) compared with the mandible region (29%) and the skull base (4%). The commonest diagnoses associated with MFF and SBF were brain concussion (19%), laceration of the skin and soft tissue (16%), and dental injury (8%). Surgery was required for 88% of midface fractures. In cases of mandible fractures 52% were supplied with osteosynthesis. This study identified the significant number of severe sports-related injuries that occur each year, suggesting that changes of rules and safety standards are needed for the prevention of such injuries.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Tator, Charles H
Let's standardize the definition of concussion and get reliable incidence data Journal Article
In: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, vol. 36, pp. 405–406, 2009.
BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Tator2009b,
title = {Let's standardize the definition of concussion and get reliable incidence data},
author = {Tator, Charles H},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences},
volume = {36},
pages = {405--406},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Junge, A; Engebretsen, L; Alonso, J M; Renstrom, P; Mountjoy, M; Aubry, M; Dvorak, J
Injury surveillance in multi-sport events: the International Olympic Committee approach Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 42, pp. 413–421, 2008.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Junge2008,
title = {Injury surveillance in multi-sport events: the International Olympic Committee approach},
author = {Junge, A and Engebretsen, L and Alonso, J M and Renstrom, P and Mountjoy, M and Aubry, M and Dvorak, J},
year = {2008},
date = {2008-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {42},
pages = {413--421},
address = {FIFA Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC), Zurich, Switzerland. astrid.junge@kws.ch},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The protection of athletes' health by preventing injuries is an important task for international sports federations. Standardised injury surveillance provides not only important epidemiological information, but also directions for injury prevention, and the opportunity for monitoring long-term changes in the frequency and circumstances of injury. Numerous studies have evaluated sports injuries during the season, but few have focused on injuries during major sport events such as World Championships, World Cups or the Olympic Games. OBJECTIVES: To provide an injury surveillance system for multi-sports tournaments, using the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing as an example. METHODS: A group of experienced researchers reviewed existing injury report systems and developed a scientific sound and concise injury surveillance system for large multi-sport events. RESULTS: The injury report system for multi-sport events is based on an established system for team sports tournaments and has proved feasible for individual sports during the International Association of Athletics Federations World Championships in Athletics 2007. The most important principles and advantages of the system are comprehensive definition of injury, injury report by the physician responsible for the athlete, a single-page report of all injuries, and daily report irrespective of whether or not an injury occurred. Implementation of the injury surveillance system, all definitions, the report form, and the analysis of data are described in detail to enable other researchers to implement the injury surveillance system in any sports tournament. CONCLUSION: The injury surveillance system has been accepted by experienced team physicians and shown to be feasible for single-sport and multi-sport events. It can be modified depending on the specific objectives of a certain sport or research question; however, a standardised use of injury definition, report forms and methodology will ensure the comparability of results. [References: 46]},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Goldberg, Andrea S; Moroz, Leslie; Smith, Angela; Ganley, Theodore
Injury surveillance in young athletes: a clinician's guide to sports injury literature Journal Article
In: Sports Medicine, vol. 37, pp. 265–278, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Goldberg2007,
title = {Injury surveillance in young athletes: a clinician's guide to sports injury literature},
author = {Goldberg, Andrea S and Moroz, Leslie and Smith, Angela and Ganley, Theodore},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Sports Medicine},
volume = {37},
pages = {265--278},
address = {School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.},
abstract = {As participation in junior, high-school and college sports has increased dramatically over the last three decades, sports injuries have increased commensurately. In the US alone, sports-related injuries account for 2.6 million visits to the emergency room made by children and young adults (aged 5-24 years). Injuries sustained by high-school athletes have resulted in 500000 doctor visits, 30000 hospitalisations and a total cost to the healthcare system of nearly 2 billion dollars per year. Sports injury surveillance studies have long formed the backbone of injury prevention research, serving to highlight the types and patterns of injury that merit further investigation. Injury surveillance studies have been integral in guiding rule changes, equipment improvement and training regimens that prevent injury. Despite findings that the methodology of injury surveillance studies may significantly influence the design and efficacy of preventative interventions, relatively few sources address epidemiological considerations involved in such studies. The purpose of this review is 3-fold. First, to perform a review of the current injury surveillance literature in order to identify key epidemiological and methodological issues that arise when reading or conducting an injury surveillance study. Second, to identify and describe how injury surveillance studies have addressed these issues. Third, to provide recommendations about the identified issues in order to guide clinicians in the interpretation of data presented in such studies. Searches of Ovid MEDLINE (1966-present) and PubMed were performed. Thirty-three descriptive and review articles addressing epidemiological and methodological considerations in injury surveillance were selected, as well as 54 cohort studies and studies with an experimental design. Data with respect to each study's treatment of the three epidemiological issues of interest were extracted and synthesised into a table. This review identifies the following three key epidemiological issues to consider when reading injury surveillance literature or when designing an injury surveillance study: (i) the definition of a sports injury; (ii) the denominator with which injuries are reported; and (iii) the method of data collection. A meaningful definition of injury should incorporate time lost from participation in order to reduce the bias associated with estimates of incidence. The use of multiple denominators (e.g. both athlete-hours of exposure and total athletes) provides the most precise information about injury rate and injury risk. The method of data collection that captures the widest range of injuries, while also allowing for the collection of exposure data, will vary depending on geographical location and the organisation of youth sports in that area. [References: 89]},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Arbeau, Ryan P; Gordon, Kevin E; McCurdie, Glen
Mayhem on the ice: do players' injuries put team staff at risk of injury?.[Erratum appears in Can Fam Physician. 2007 Oct;53(10):1661] Journal Article
In: Canadian Family Physician, vol. 53, pp. 1488–1492, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Arbeau2007,
title = {Mayhem on the ice: do players' injuries put team staff at risk of injury?.[Erratum appears in Can Fam Physician. 2007 Oct;53(10):1661]},
author = {Arbeau, Ryan P and Gordon, Kevin E and McCurdie, Glen},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Canadian Family Physician},
volume = {53},
pages = {1488--1492},
address = {Dalhousie University in Halifax, NS, Canada.},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential for serious injury and the nature of injuries incurred as team staff or support personnel cross ice surfaces to get to players' benches or to attend to injured players. DESIGN: Hybrid study, case series with survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Circumstances and nature of reported injuries. RESULTS: Over 4 seasons, 988 injuries to team staff or support personnel were reported, including 94 concussions, 5 injuries to internal organs, 226 fractures, and 86 separations or dislocations. Most of the injuries were incurred by team staff or support personnel responsible for the welfare of players (managers, trainers, therapists, and emergency medical staff). CONCLUSION: Team staff and support personnel incur serious injuries as a result of falls on the ice. Several preventive strategies can be put in place: changes in rink design, policies restricting access to the ice surface, and encouraging team staff and support personnel who must cross the ice surface to attend to injured players to wear gait-stabilizing devices.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Moulton, Donalee
Secret locker room game causing concussions Journal Article
In: CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 177, pp. 25, 2007.
BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Moulton2007,
title = {Secret locker room game causing concussions},
author = {Moulton, Donalee},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal},
volume = {177},
pages = {25},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
for Disease Control, Centers; Prevention,
Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries from sports and recreation activities--United States, 2001-2005 Journal Article
In: MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 56, no. 29, pp. 733–737, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Adolescent, adult, Child, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Female, Humans, Incidence/Epidemiology, Infant, Male, middle aged, Population Surveillance, Preschool, recreation, United States/ep [Epidemiology]
@article{CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention2007,
title = {Nonfatal traumatic brain injuries from sports and recreation activities--United States, 2001-2005},
author = {{Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {MMWR - Morbidity \& Mortality Weekly Report},
volume = {56},
number = {29},
pages = {733--737},
abstract = {Each year in the United States, an estimated 38 million children and adolescents participate in organized sports, and approximately 170 million adults participate in some type of physical activity not related to work. The health benefits of these activities are tempered by the risk for injury, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). CDC estimates that 1.1 million persons with TBIs are treated and released from U.S. hospital emergency departments (EDs) each year, and an additional 235,000 are hospitalized for these injuries. TBIs can result in long-term, negative health effects (e.g., memory loss and behavioral changes). To characterize sports- and recreation-related (SR-related) TBIs among patients treated in U.S. hospital EDs, CDC analyzed data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System--All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) for the period 2001-2005. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which indicated that an estimated 207,830 patients with nonfatal SR-related TBIs were treated in EDs each year during this period. The highest rates of SR-related TBI ED visits for both males and females occurred among those aged 10-14 years. Increased awareness of TBI risks, prevention strategies, and the importance of timely identification and management is essential for reducing the incidence, severity, and long-term negative health effects of this type of injury.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], *Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Adolescent, adult, Child, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, Female, Humans, Incidence/Epidemiology, Infant, Male, middle aged, Population Surveillance, Preschool, recreation, United States/ep [Epidemiology]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cusimano, M D; Chipman, M; Glazier, R H; Rinner, C; Marshall, S P
Geomatics in injury prevention: the science, the potential and the limitations Journal Article
In: Injury Prevention, vol. 13, pp. 51–56, 2007.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Cusimano2007,
title = {Geomatics in injury prevention: the science, the potential and the limitations},
author = {Cusimano, M D and Chipman, M and Glazier, R H and Rinner, C and Marshall, S P},
year = {2007},
date = {2007-01-01},
journal = {Injury Prevention},
volume = {13},
pages = {51--56},
address = {Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, and Center for Inner City Health, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. injuryprevention@smh.toronto.on.ca},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Geomatics describes the activities involved in acquiring and managing geographical data and producing geographical information for scientific, administrative and technical endeavors. As an emerging science, geomatics has a great potential to support public health. Geomatics provides a conceptual foundation for the development of geographic information systems (GIS), computerized tools that manage and display geographical data for analytical applications. As descriptive epidemiology typically involves the examination of person, place and time in the occurrence of disease or injury, geomatics and GIS can play an important role in understanding and preventing injury. AIM: This article provides a background to geomatics for those in the injury prevention field who are unfamiliar with spatial analysis. We hope to stimulate researchers and practitioners to begin to use geomatics to assist in the prevention of injury. METHODS: The authors illustrate the potential benefits and limitations of geomatics in injury prevention in a non-technical way through the use of maps and analysis. RESULTS: By analysing the location of patients treated for fall injuries in Central Toronto using GIS, some demographic and land use variables, such as household income, age, and the location of homeless shelters, were identified as explanatory factors for the spatial distribution. CONCLUSION: By supporting novel approaches to injury prevention, geomatics has a great potential for efforts to combat the burden of injury. Despite some limitations, those with an interest in injury prevention could benefit from this science.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Pickett, W; Streight, S; Simpson, K; Brison, R J; Cusimano, M
Head injuries in youth soccer players presenting to the emergency department Journal Article
In: British Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 39, pp. 226–231, 2005, ISSN: 0306-3674.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Pickett2005,
title = {Head injuries in youth soccer players presenting to the emergency department},
author = {Pickett, W and Streight, S and Simpson, K and Brison, R J and Cusimano, M},
doi = {10.1136/bjsm.2004.013169},
issn = {0306-3674},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {British Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {39},
pages = {226--231},
abstract = {Background: There has been recent concern about neuropsychological injuries experienced by soccer players, particularly related to the purposeful heading of the ball. There are few population based analyses examining whether this is a legitimate concern. Objectives: To explore, using an existing injury surveillance system, one of many parts of this issue: acute injuries requiring emergency medical care experienced by youth soccer players. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological analysis of emergency department injury surveillance data (1996-2001) for youths aged 10-24 years from the Kingston sites of the Canadian Hospital Injury Reporting and Prevention Program. Results: A total of 1714 cases of soccer injury were identified (mean 286 a year); 235 (13.7%) involved diagnoses of injuries to the head. Leading mechanical factors resulting in head injury were contact with other players or persons (153/235; 65.1%) and balls (62/235; 26.4%). Heading was reported in 4/62 (6%) of the ball contact injuries, and attempted heading was reported in 15/153 (9.8%) of the cases involving person to person contact. Unspecified head to head contact between players was reported in 39 cases. Conclusions: Minor head injuries that result in emergency medical treatment do not happen often in youth soccer, and very few can be attributed to the purposeful heading of the ball. Player contact injuries appear to be a more important injury control concern. This study informs one of many aspects of the soccer heading injury debate.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Koh, J O; Cassidy, J D
Incidence study of head blows and concussions in competition taekwondo Journal Article
In: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, vol. 14, pp. 72–79, 2004, ISSN: 1050-642X.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Koh2004,
title = {Incidence study of head blows and concussions in competition taekwondo},
author = {Koh, J O and Cassidy, J D},
issn = {1050-642X},
year = {2004},
date = {2004-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine},
volume = {14},
pages = {72--79},
abstract = {Objective: To examine the incidence of head blows and concussions in competition taekwondo. Design: Incidence cohort design. Setting: Tackwondo tournament in 2001, in South Korea. Participants: A total of 2328 competitors (female, 676; male, 1652; age, 11-19 years) from 424 schools participated in the tournament. All recipients of head blows were interviewed immediately after the match. All matches were recorded on videotape. Main Outcome Measures: Head blow and concussion rates were calculated. Also, factors associated with head blows and concussions were analyzed. Results: The incidence of head blows and concussions was 226 and 50 per 1000 athlete exposures, respectively. Only 17% of competitors reported that they had had a concussion in the last 12 months. A multinomial logistic model showed that head blows and concussions were associated with young age and a lack of blocking skills. Conclusions: The incidence of head blows and concussions is high in competition taekwondo. Promoting blocking skills to prevent head blows could decrease concussions in taekwondo},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Finch, C F; Valuri, G; Ozanne-Smith, J
Injury surveillance during medical coverage of sporting events--development and testing of a standardised data collection form Journal Article
In: Journal of Science & Medicine in Sport, vol. 2, pp. 42–56, 1999.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Finch1999,
title = {Injury surveillance during medical coverage of sporting events--development and testing of a standardised data collection form},
author = {Finch, C F and Valuri, G and Ozanne-Smith, J},
year = {1999},
date = {1999-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Science \& Medicine in Sport},
volume = {2},
pages = {42--56},
address = {School of Health Sciences, Deakin University.},
abstract = {Medical coverage services have the potential to play a key role in sports injury surveillance activities. Provided that injury surveillance activities are fully coordinated and a standardised data collection procedure is implemented, valuable sports injury information can be obtained by medical coverage personnel. This paper describes the development of a standardised injury data collection form for use by medical coverage personnel during large sporting events. The form was trialed during two large sporting events in Melbourne, Australia in 1995. A range of sports medicine and sports first aid personnel was involved in the trial and injury details were collected on all persons receiving treatment from the coverage team, irrespective of injury severity. The final sports injury data collection form is easy to use, can be used by all types of medical coverage personnel and can provide valuable data in a timely manner. The form has since been adopted as the injury data collection standard at a number of major Australian sporting events. Recommendations for incorporating injury surveillance activities when organising sporting events and planning medical coverage services are given. Suggestions for maximising compliance with data collection procedures are also discussed.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
for Disease Control, Centers; Prevention,
Sports-related recurrent brain injuries--United States Journal Article
In: MMWR - Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report, vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 224–227, 1997.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology, Return to Play
@article{CentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention1997,
title = {Sports-related recurrent brain injuries--United States},
author = {{Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
journal = {MMWR - Morbidity \& Mortality Weekly Report},
volume = {46},
number = {10},
pages = {224--227},
abstract = {An estimated 300,000 sports-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) of mild to moderate severity, most of which can be classified as concussions (i.e., conditions of temporarily altered mental status as a result of head trauma), occur in the United States each year. The proportion of these concussions that are repeat injuries is unknown; however, there is an increased risk for subsequent TBI among persons who have had at least one previous TBI. Repeated mild brain injuries occurring over an extended period (i.e., months or years) can result in cumulative neurologic and cognitive deficits, but repeated mild brain injuries occurring within a short period (i.e., hours, days, or weeks) can be catastrophic or fatal. The latter phenomenon, termed "second impact syndrome", has been reported more frequently since it was first characterized in 1984. This report describes two cases of second impact syndrome and presents recommendations developed by the American Academy of Neurology to prevent recurrent brain injuries in sports and their adverse consequences.},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology, Return to Play},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Meeuwisse, W H; Love, E J
Athletic injury reporting. Development of universal systems Journal Article
In: Sports Medicine, vol. 24, pp. 184–204, 1997.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Incidence/Epidemiology
@article{Meeuwisse1997,
title = {Athletic injury reporting. Development of universal systems},
author = {Meeuwisse, W H and Love, E J},
year = {1997},
date = {1997-01-01},
journal = {Sports Medicine},
volume = {24},
pages = {184--204},
address = {Sport Medicine Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. meeuwiss@acs.ucalgary.ca},
abstract = {There are numerous athletic injury reporting systems currently in place. In order for our understanding of athletic injury epidemiology to advance, we must be able to compare data from divergent sources. This paper provides a review of existing athletic injury reporting systems in North America. The epidemiological designs employed in these systems are outlined, along with a description of the strengths and weaknesses of each approach to reporting. The differences between the case-series and cohort methods are delineated and the importance of injury definition, sources of error, denominator data and exposure estimation are discussed within this context. Four recommendations are then offered to assist in moving toward more universal systems for athletic injury reporting. First, comparability of data between systems should be maximised through clear indication of the reporting system design and the methods of data collection. Secondly, an exact definition should be given as to what constitutes a reportable event ('injury'). Thirdly, whenever possible, outcome information should be collected on each reported event so that an injury definition may be applied at the time of data analysis. Lastly, any limitations or sources of error should be acknowledged. [References: 40]},
keywords = {Incidence/Epidemiology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}