Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {*Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S
In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level
@article{Patton2015,
title = {The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S and Kleiven, S},
doi = {10.1123/jab.2014-0223},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {264--268},
abstract = {Biomechanical studies of concussions have progressed from qualitative observations of head impacts to physical and numerical reconstructions, direct impact measurements, and finite element analyses. Supplementary to a previous study, which investigated maximum principal strain, the current study used a detailed finite element head model to simulate unhelmeted concussion and no-injury head impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of various tissue-level brain injury predictors: strain rate, product of strain and strain rate, cumulative strain damage measure, von Mises stress, and intracranial pressure. Von Mises stress was found to be the most effective predictor of concussion. It was also found that the thalamus and corpus callosum were brain regions with strong associations with concussion. Tentative tolerance limits for tissue-level predictors were proposed in an attempt to broaden the understanding of unhelmeted concussions. For the thalamus, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 2.24 kPa, 24.0 s-1, and 2.49 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. For the corpus callosum, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 3.51 kPa, 25.1 s-1, and 2.76 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.},
keywords = {Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S
In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.
@article{Patton2015,
title = {The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S and Kleiven, S},
doi = {10.1123/jab.2014-0223},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {264--268},
abstract = {Biomechanical studies of concussions have progressed from qualitative observations of head impacts to physical and numerical reconstructions, direct impact measurements, and finite element analyses. Supplementary to a previous study, which investigated maximum principal strain, the current study used a detailed finite element head model to simulate unhelmeted concussion and no-injury head impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of various tissue-level brain injury predictors: strain rate, product of strain and strain rate, cumulative strain damage measure, von Mises stress, and intracranial pressure. Von Mises stress was found to be the most effective predictor of concussion. It was also found that the thalamus and corpus callosum were brain regions with strong associations with concussion. Tentative tolerance limits for tissue-level predictors were proposed in an attempt to broaden the understanding of unhelmeted concussions. For the thalamus, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 2.24 kPa, 24.0 s-1, and 2.49 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. For the corpus callosum, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 3.51 kPa, 25.1 s-1, and 2.76 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {*Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Patton, D A; McIntosh, A S; Kleiven, S
In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 264–268, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level
@article{Patton2015,
title = {The biomechanical determinants of concussion: Finite element simulations to investigate tissue-level predictors of injury during sporting impacts to the unprotected head},
author = {Patton, D A and McIntosh, A S and Kleiven, S},
doi = {10.1123/jab.2014-0223},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},
volume = {31},
number = {4},
pages = {264--268},
abstract = {Biomechanical studies of concussions have progressed from qualitative observations of head impacts to physical and numerical reconstructions, direct impact measurements, and finite element analyses. Supplementary to a previous study, which investigated maximum principal strain, the current study used a detailed finite element head model to simulate unhelmeted concussion and no-injury head impacts and evaluate the effectiveness of various tissue-level brain injury predictors: strain rate, product of strain and strain rate, cumulative strain damage measure, von Mises stress, and intracranial pressure. Von Mises stress was found to be the most effective predictor of concussion. It was also found that the thalamus and corpus callosum were brain regions with strong associations with concussion. Tentative tolerance limits for tissue-level predictors were proposed in an attempt to broaden the understanding of unhelmeted concussions. For the thalamus, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 2.24 kPa, 24.0 s-1, and 2.49 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. For the corpus callosum, tolerance limits were proposed for a 50% likelihood of concussion: 3.51 kPa, 25.1 s-1, and 2.76 s-1 for von Mises stress, strain rate, and the product of strain and strain rate, respectively. © 2015 Human Kinetics, Inc.},
keywords = {Article, Biomechanics, brain, Brain Injury, brain region, clinical article, Concussion, corpus callosum, Damage detection, evaluation study, finite element analysis, Finite element head models, Finite element method, Finite element simulations, football, gray matter, Head Injuries, head injury, human, Intra-cranial pressure, intracranial pressure, investigative procedures, Maximum principal strain, mesencephalon, Modeling, Models, Numerical reconstruction, Qualitative observations, Sport, sport injury, Sports, Strain and strain rates, Strain rate, Stress, thalamus, Tissue, tissue level},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}