Mainwaring, Lynda M; Hutchison, Michael; Bisschop, Sean M; Comper, Paul; Richards, Doug W
Emotional response to sport concussion compared to ACL injury Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 24, pp. 589–597, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Assessment & Testing Sport Psychology
@article{Mainwaring2010,
title = {Emotional response to sport concussion compared to ACL injury},
author = {Mainwaring, Lynda M and Hutchison, Michael and Bisschop, Sean M and Comper, Paul and Richards, Doug W},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {24},
pages = {589--597},
address = {University of Toronto, ON, Canada.},
abstract = {PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: To ascertain and compare the nature of emotional response of athletes to concussion and to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. RESEARCH DESIGN: Pre-injury, post-injury and longitudinal emotional functioning of athletes with concussion (n = 16), athletes with ACL injuries (n = 7) and uninjured athletes (n = 28) were compared in a prospective repeated-measures design. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Participants completed the short version of the Profile of Mood States (POMS). ANOVAs and trend analysis were used to examine between and within group differences across time on two sub-scales, Total Mood Disturbance and Depression. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Athletes with ACL injury reported higher levels of depression for a longer duration than athletes with concussion. Relative to un-injured controls, athletes with concussion reported significant changes in Total Mood Disturbance and Depression post-injury, whereas athletes with ACL injuries reported significant changes in Depression scores only. Different patterns of post-injury emotional disturbance for the injured groups were observed by trend analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Concussed athletes do not report as much emotional disturbance as athletes with ACL injuries. Differential patterns of emotional disturbance were detected between injured groups. The authors recommended that clinical protocols and educational programmes address emotional sequelae associated with sport concussion and ACL injury.},
keywords = {Aggression, Assessment \& Testing Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bailey, Christopher M; Echemendia, Ruben J; Arnett, Peter A
The impact of motivation on neuropsychological performance in sports-related mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, vol. 12, pp. 475–484, 2006.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Assessment & Testing Sport Psychology
@article{Bailey2006,
title = {The impact of motivation on neuropsychological performance in sports-related mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {Bailey, Christopher M and Echemendia, Ruben J and Arnett, Peter A},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society},
volume = {12},
pages = {475--484},
address = {Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. cmb373@psu.edu},
abstract = {The current project examined the impact of differential motivation on baseline versus post-mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) neuropsychological measures in athletes. Collegiate athletes were administered a neuropsychological battery prior to and post-MTBI. High Motivation at Baseline (HMB) and Suspect Motivation at Baseline (SMB) groups were established for each measure based on whether baseline performance fell +/- one or more standard deviations from the mean of the given measure. Greater improvement was expected in the SMB group than the HMB group given hypothesized differences in baseline motivation. In repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) that removed achievement performance, the SMB groups demonstrated greater improvement than the HMB groups for the Trail Making Test A \& B (TMT-A \& B), Digit Span, and Stroop-Color Word (Stroop-CW) tests. Also, the percentage of participants who improved according to reliable change indices was greater for the SMB groups on the TMT-A \& B, Stroop-CW, and the Vigil. These findings are likely due to lower motivation in the SMB group for each test. However, results also suggest that some tests may be relatively unaffected by motivation. These data may have clinical implications and point to the need for better methods of identifying athletes with suspect motivation at baseline.},
keywords = {Aggression, Assessment \& Testing Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Belanger, Heather G; Vanderploeg, Rodney D
The neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion: a meta-analysis Journal Article
In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, vol. 11, pp. 345–357, 2005.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Assessment & Testing Sport Psychology
@article{Belanger2005a,
title = {The neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion: a meta-analysis},
author = {Belanger, Heather G and Vanderploeg, Rodney D},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society},
volume = {11},
pages = {345--357},
abstract = {There is increasing interest in the potential neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion. A meta-analysis of the relevant literature was conducted to determine the impact of sports-related concussion across six cognitive domains. The analysis was based on 21 studies involving 790 cases of concussion and 2014 control cases. The overall effect of concussion (d = 0.49) was comparable to the effect found in the non-sports-related mild traumatic brain injury population (d = 0.54; Belanger et al., 2005). Using sports-concussed participants with a history of prior head injury appears to inflate the effect sizes associated with the current sports-related concussion. Acute effects (within 24 hr of injury) of concussion were greatest for delayed memory, memory acquisition, and global cognitive functioning (d = 1.00, 1.03, and 1.42, respectively). However, no residual neuropsychological impairments were found when testing was completed beyond 7 days postinjury. These findings were moderated by cognitive domain and comparison group (control group versus preconcussion self-control). Specifically, delayed memory in studies utilizing a control group remained problematic at 7 days. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.},
keywords = {Aggression, Assessment \& Testing Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Erlanger, D; Kaushik, T; Cantu, R; Barth, J T; Broshek, D K; Freeman, J R; Webbe, F M
Symptom-based assessment of the severity of a concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 98, pp. 477–484, 2003, ISSN: 0022-3085.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Assessment & Testing Sport Psychology
@article{Erlanger2003a,
title = {Symptom-based assessment of the severity of a concussion},
author = {Erlanger, D and Kaushik, T and Cantu, R and Barth, J T and Broshek, D K and Freeman, J R and Webbe, F M},
issn = {0022-3085},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery},
volume = {98},
pages = {477--484},
abstract = {Object. Current grading systems of concussion and return-to-play guidelines have little empirical support. The authors therefore examined the relationships of the characteristics and symptoms of concussion and the history of concussion to three indicators of concussion severity-number of immediate symptoms, number of symptoms at the initial follow-up examination, and duration of symptoms-to establish an empirical basis for grading concussions. Methods. Forty-seven athletes who sustained concussions were administered alternate forms of an Internet-based neurocognitive test until their performances were within normal limits relative to baseline levels. Assessments of observer-reported and self-reported symptoms at the sideline of the playing field on the day of injury, and at follow-up examinations were also obtained as part of a comprehensive concussion management protocol. Although loss of consciousness (LOC) was a useful indicator of the initial severity of the injury, it did not correlate with other indices of concussion severity, including duration of symptoms. Athletes reporting memory problems at follow-up examinations had significantly more symptoms in general, longer durations of those symptoms, and significant decreases in scores on neurocognitive tests administered approximately 48 hours postinjury. This decline of scores on neurocognitive testing was significantly associated with an increased duration of symptoms. A history of concussion was unrelated to the number and duration of symptoms. Conclusions. This paper represents the first documentation of empirically derived indicators of the clinical course of postconcussion symptom resolution. Self-reported memory problems apparent 24 hours postconcussion were robust indicators of the severity of sports-related concussion and should be a primary consideration in determining an athlete's readiness to return to competition. A decline on neurocognitive testing was the only objective measure significantly related to the duration of symptoms. Neither a brief LOC nor a history of concussion was a useful predictor of the duration of postconcussion symptoms.},
keywords = {Aggression, Assessment \& Testing Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Conroy, David E; Silva, John M; Newcomer, R Renee; Walker, Brent W; Johnson, Matthew S
Personal and participatory socializers of the perceived legitimacy of aggressive behavior in sport Journal Article
In: Aggressive Behavior, vol. 27, pp. 405–418, 2001, ISSN: 1098-2337.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Assessment & Testing Sport Psychology
@article{Conroy2001,
title = {Personal and participatory socializers of the perceived legitimacy of aggressive behavior in sport},
author = {Conroy, David E and Silva, John M and Newcomer, R Renee and Walker, Brent W and Johnson, Matthew S},
issn = {1098-2337},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Aggressive Behavior},
volume = {27},
pages = {405--418},
address = {Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; School of Physical Education, West Virginia Un},
abstract = {Recent international attention from the media and professional organizations has focused increasingly on violent incidents in sport. The present study developed and used the Sport Behavior Inventory (SBI) to examine personal and participatory variables that influence the socialization of the perceived legitimacy of aggressive sport behavior in children and adolescents ages 8-19 enrolled in public schools. In phase I of this study, the psychometric properties of the SBI as a measure of perceived legitimacy were evaluated in terms of content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. A multiple regression analysis in phase II indicated that increases in athletesrsquo perceptions of the legitimacy of aggressive sport behavior were positively related to age, being male, and contact sport participation. Results were discussed in relation to the social factors that contribute to the development of perceptions of legitimacy for aggressive sport behavior, and future research uses for the SBI. Aggr. Behav. 27:405-418, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
keywords = {Aggression, Assessment \& Testing Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Junge, A; Dvorak, J; Rosch, D; Graf-Baumann, T; Chomiak, J; Peterson, L
Psychological and sport-specific characteristics of football players Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 28, pp. S22–8, 2000.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Assessment & Testing Sport Psychology
@article{Junge2000,
title = {Psychological and sport-specific characteristics of football players},
author = {Junge, A and Dvorak, J and Rosch, D and Graf-Baumann, T and Chomiak, J and Peterson, L},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {28},
pages = {S22--8},
address = {Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.},
abstract = {It is hypothesized that players of different levels of play might differ not only in their football skills but also in their way of playing football and with respect to psychological factors such as concentration, reaction time, or competitive anxiety. The psychological characteristics of a player might influence his way of playing football (in particular with respect to fair play) and also his risk of injury. A group of 588 football players were studied by questionnaire; additionally, reaction time tests were performed. Psychological characteristics were assessed by three established self-evaluation questionnaires: the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory, the State Competitive Anxiety Test, and the State-Trait-Anger-Expression-Inventory. Football-specific characteristics that were investigated included playing experience and positions played, style of play, number of training hours and games, as well as aspects of fair play. Reaction time was tested twice: without the influence of physical exercise and immediately after a 12-minute run. A significant reduction in reaction time was observed after physical exercise. In high-level players, the reaction time immediately after the 12-minute run was significantly shorter than it was in low-level players. The questionnaire answers given regarding fair play clearly indicated that fair play is not paid sufficient respect. The relationship between psychological characteristics and attitudes toward fair play was analyzed and discussed.},
keywords = {Aggression, Assessment \& Testing Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mainwaring, Lynda M; Hutchison, Michael; Bisschop, Sean M; Comper, Paul; Richards, Doug W
Emotional response to sport concussion compared to ACL injury Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 24, pp. 589–597, 2010.
@article{Mainwaring2010,
title = {Emotional response to sport concussion compared to ACL injury},
author = {Mainwaring, Lynda M and Hutchison, Michael and Bisschop, Sean M and Comper, Paul and Richards, Doug W},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {24},
pages = {589--597},
address = {University of Toronto, ON, Canada.},
abstract = {PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: To ascertain and compare the nature of emotional response of athletes to concussion and to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. RESEARCH DESIGN: Pre-injury, post-injury and longitudinal emotional functioning of athletes with concussion (n = 16), athletes with ACL injuries (n = 7) and uninjured athletes (n = 28) were compared in a prospective repeated-measures design. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Participants completed the short version of the Profile of Mood States (POMS). ANOVAs and trend analysis were used to examine between and within group differences across time on two sub-scales, Total Mood Disturbance and Depression. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Athletes with ACL injury reported higher levels of depression for a longer duration than athletes with concussion. Relative to un-injured controls, athletes with concussion reported significant changes in Total Mood Disturbance and Depression post-injury, whereas athletes with ACL injuries reported significant changes in Depression scores only. Different patterns of post-injury emotional disturbance for the injured groups were observed by trend analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Concussed athletes do not report as much emotional disturbance as athletes with ACL injuries. Differential patterns of emotional disturbance were detected between injured groups. The authors recommended that clinical protocols and educational programmes address emotional sequelae associated with sport concussion and ACL injury.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bailey, Christopher M; Echemendia, Ruben J; Arnett, Peter A
The impact of motivation on neuropsychological performance in sports-related mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, vol. 12, pp. 475–484, 2006.
@article{Bailey2006,
title = {The impact of motivation on neuropsychological performance in sports-related mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {Bailey, Christopher M and Echemendia, Ruben J and Arnett, Peter A},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society},
volume = {12},
pages = {475--484},
address = {Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. cmb373@psu.edu},
abstract = {The current project examined the impact of differential motivation on baseline versus post-mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) neuropsychological measures in athletes. Collegiate athletes were administered a neuropsychological battery prior to and post-MTBI. High Motivation at Baseline (HMB) and Suspect Motivation at Baseline (SMB) groups were established for each measure based on whether baseline performance fell +/- one or more standard deviations from the mean of the given measure. Greater improvement was expected in the SMB group than the HMB group given hypothesized differences in baseline motivation. In repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) that removed achievement performance, the SMB groups demonstrated greater improvement than the HMB groups for the Trail Making Test A \& B (TMT-A \& B), Digit Span, and Stroop-Color Word (Stroop-CW) tests. Also, the percentage of participants who improved according to reliable change indices was greater for the SMB groups on the TMT-A \& B, Stroop-CW, and the Vigil. These findings are likely due to lower motivation in the SMB group for each test. However, results also suggest that some tests may be relatively unaffected by motivation. These data may have clinical implications and point to the need for better methods of identifying athletes with suspect motivation at baseline.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Belanger, Heather G; Vanderploeg, Rodney D
The neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion: a meta-analysis Journal Article
In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, vol. 11, pp. 345–357, 2005.
@article{Belanger2005a,
title = {The neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion: a meta-analysis},
author = {Belanger, Heather G and Vanderploeg, Rodney D},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society},
volume = {11},
pages = {345--357},
abstract = {There is increasing interest in the potential neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion. A meta-analysis of the relevant literature was conducted to determine the impact of sports-related concussion across six cognitive domains. The analysis was based on 21 studies involving 790 cases of concussion and 2014 control cases. The overall effect of concussion (d = 0.49) was comparable to the effect found in the non-sports-related mild traumatic brain injury population (d = 0.54; Belanger et al., 2005). Using sports-concussed participants with a history of prior head injury appears to inflate the effect sizes associated with the current sports-related concussion. Acute effects (within 24 hr of injury) of concussion were greatest for delayed memory, memory acquisition, and global cognitive functioning (d = 1.00, 1.03, and 1.42, respectively). However, no residual neuropsychological impairments were found when testing was completed beyond 7 days postinjury. These findings were moderated by cognitive domain and comparison group (control group versus preconcussion self-control). Specifically, delayed memory in studies utilizing a control group remained problematic at 7 days. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Erlanger, D; Kaushik, T; Cantu, R; Barth, J T; Broshek, D K; Freeman, J R; Webbe, F M
Symptom-based assessment of the severity of a concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 98, pp. 477–484, 2003, ISSN: 0022-3085.
@article{Erlanger2003a,
title = {Symptom-based assessment of the severity of a concussion},
author = {Erlanger, D and Kaushik, T and Cantu, R and Barth, J T and Broshek, D K and Freeman, J R and Webbe, F M},
issn = {0022-3085},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery},
volume = {98},
pages = {477--484},
abstract = {Object. Current grading systems of concussion and return-to-play guidelines have little empirical support. The authors therefore examined the relationships of the characteristics and symptoms of concussion and the history of concussion to three indicators of concussion severity-number of immediate symptoms, number of symptoms at the initial follow-up examination, and duration of symptoms-to establish an empirical basis for grading concussions. Methods. Forty-seven athletes who sustained concussions were administered alternate forms of an Internet-based neurocognitive test until their performances were within normal limits relative to baseline levels. Assessments of observer-reported and self-reported symptoms at the sideline of the playing field on the day of injury, and at follow-up examinations were also obtained as part of a comprehensive concussion management protocol. Although loss of consciousness (LOC) was a useful indicator of the initial severity of the injury, it did not correlate with other indices of concussion severity, including duration of symptoms. Athletes reporting memory problems at follow-up examinations had significantly more symptoms in general, longer durations of those symptoms, and significant decreases in scores on neurocognitive tests administered approximately 48 hours postinjury. This decline of scores on neurocognitive testing was significantly associated with an increased duration of symptoms. A history of concussion was unrelated to the number and duration of symptoms. Conclusions. This paper represents the first documentation of empirically derived indicators of the clinical course of postconcussion symptom resolution. Self-reported memory problems apparent 24 hours postconcussion were robust indicators of the severity of sports-related concussion and should be a primary consideration in determining an athlete's readiness to return to competition. A decline on neurocognitive testing was the only objective measure significantly related to the duration of symptoms. Neither a brief LOC nor a history of concussion was a useful predictor of the duration of postconcussion symptoms.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Conroy, David E; Silva, John M; Newcomer, R Renee; Walker, Brent W; Johnson, Matthew S
Personal and participatory socializers of the perceived legitimacy of aggressive behavior in sport Journal Article
In: Aggressive Behavior, vol. 27, pp. 405–418, 2001, ISSN: 1098-2337.
@article{Conroy2001,
title = {Personal and participatory socializers of the perceived legitimacy of aggressive behavior in sport},
author = {Conroy, David E and Silva, John M and Newcomer, R Renee and Walker, Brent W and Johnson, Matthew S},
issn = {1098-2337},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Aggressive Behavior},
volume = {27},
pages = {405--418},
address = {Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; School of Physical Education, West Virginia Un},
abstract = {Recent international attention from the media and professional organizations has focused increasingly on violent incidents in sport. The present study developed and used the Sport Behavior Inventory (SBI) to examine personal and participatory variables that influence the socialization of the perceived legitimacy of aggressive sport behavior in children and adolescents ages 8-19 enrolled in public schools. In phase I of this study, the psychometric properties of the SBI as a measure of perceived legitimacy were evaluated in terms of content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. A multiple regression analysis in phase II indicated that increases in athletesrsquo perceptions of the legitimacy of aggressive sport behavior were positively related to age, being male, and contact sport participation. Results were discussed in relation to the social factors that contribute to the development of perceptions of legitimacy for aggressive sport behavior, and future research uses for the SBI. Aggr. Behav. 27:405-418, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Junge, A; Dvorak, J; Rosch, D; Graf-Baumann, T; Chomiak, J; Peterson, L
Psychological and sport-specific characteristics of football players Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 28, pp. S22–8, 2000.
@article{Junge2000,
title = {Psychological and sport-specific characteristics of football players},
author = {Junge, A and Dvorak, J and Rosch, D and Graf-Baumann, T and Chomiak, J and Peterson, L},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {28},
pages = {S22--8},
address = {Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.},
abstract = {It is hypothesized that players of different levels of play might differ not only in their football skills but also in their way of playing football and with respect to psychological factors such as concentration, reaction time, or competitive anxiety. The psychological characteristics of a player might influence his way of playing football (in particular with respect to fair play) and also his risk of injury. A group of 588 football players were studied by questionnaire; additionally, reaction time tests were performed. Psychological characteristics were assessed by three established self-evaluation questionnaires: the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory, the State Competitive Anxiety Test, and the State-Trait-Anger-Expression-Inventory. Football-specific characteristics that were investigated included playing experience and positions played, style of play, number of training hours and games, as well as aspects of fair play. Reaction time was tested twice: without the influence of physical exercise and immediately after a 12-minute run. A significant reduction in reaction time was observed after physical exercise. In high-level players, the reaction time immediately after the 12-minute run was significantly shorter than it was in low-level players. The questionnaire answers given regarding fair play clearly indicated that fair play is not paid sufficient respect. The relationship between psychological characteristics and attitudes toward fair play was analyzed and discussed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Mainwaring, Lynda M; Hutchison, Michael; Bisschop, Sean M; Comper, Paul; Richards, Doug W
Emotional response to sport concussion compared to ACL injury Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 24, pp. 589–597, 2010.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Assessment & Testing Sport Psychology
@article{Mainwaring2010,
title = {Emotional response to sport concussion compared to ACL injury},
author = {Mainwaring, Lynda M and Hutchison, Michael and Bisschop, Sean M and Comper, Paul and Richards, Doug W},
year = {2010},
date = {2010-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {24},
pages = {589--597},
address = {University of Toronto, ON, Canada.},
abstract = {PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: To ascertain and compare the nature of emotional response of athletes to concussion and to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. RESEARCH DESIGN: Pre-injury, post-injury and longitudinal emotional functioning of athletes with concussion (n = 16), athletes with ACL injuries (n = 7) and uninjured athletes (n = 28) were compared in a prospective repeated-measures design. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Participants completed the short version of the Profile of Mood States (POMS). ANOVAs and trend analysis were used to examine between and within group differences across time on two sub-scales, Total Mood Disturbance and Depression. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Athletes with ACL injury reported higher levels of depression for a longer duration than athletes with concussion. Relative to un-injured controls, athletes with concussion reported significant changes in Total Mood Disturbance and Depression post-injury, whereas athletes with ACL injuries reported significant changes in Depression scores only. Different patterns of post-injury emotional disturbance for the injured groups were observed by trend analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Concussed athletes do not report as much emotional disturbance as athletes with ACL injuries. Differential patterns of emotional disturbance were detected between injured groups. The authors recommended that clinical protocols and educational programmes address emotional sequelae associated with sport concussion and ACL injury.},
keywords = {Aggression, Assessment \& Testing Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bailey, Christopher M; Echemendia, Ruben J; Arnett, Peter A
The impact of motivation on neuropsychological performance in sports-related mild traumatic brain injury Journal Article
In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, vol. 12, pp. 475–484, 2006.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Assessment & Testing Sport Psychology
@article{Bailey2006,
title = {The impact of motivation on neuropsychological performance in sports-related mild traumatic brain injury},
author = {Bailey, Christopher M and Echemendia, Ruben J and Arnett, Peter A},
year = {2006},
date = {2006-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society},
volume = {12},
pages = {475--484},
address = {Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA. cmb373@psu.edu},
abstract = {The current project examined the impact of differential motivation on baseline versus post-mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) neuropsychological measures in athletes. Collegiate athletes were administered a neuropsychological battery prior to and post-MTBI. High Motivation at Baseline (HMB) and Suspect Motivation at Baseline (SMB) groups were established for each measure based on whether baseline performance fell +/- one or more standard deviations from the mean of the given measure. Greater improvement was expected in the SMB group than the HMB group given hypothesized differences in baseline motivation. In repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) that removed achievement performance, the SMB groups demonstrated greater improvement than the HMB groups for the Trail Making Test A \& B (TMT-A \& B), Digit Span, and Stroop-Color Word (Stroop-CW) tests. Also, the percentage of participants who improved according to reliable change indices was greater for the SMB groups on the TMT-A \& B, Stroop-CW, and the Vigil. These findings are likely due to lower motivation in the SMB group for each test. However, results also suggest that some tests may be relatively unaffected by motivation. These data may have clinical implications and point to the need for better methods of identifying athletes with suspect motivation at baseline.},
keywords = {Aggression, Assessment \& Testing Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Belanger, Heather G; Vanderploeg, Rodney D
The neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion: a meta-analysis Journal Article
In: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, vol. 11, pp. 345–357, 2005.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Assessment & Testing Sport Psychology
@article{Belanger2005a,
title = {The neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion: a meta-analysis},
author = {Belanger, Heather G and Vanderploeg, Rodney D},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society},
volume = {11},
pages = {345--357},
abstract = {There is increasing interest in the potential neuropsychological impact of sports-related concussion. A meta-analysis of the relevant literature was conducted to determine the impact of sports-related concussion across six cognitive domains. The analysis was based on 21 studies involving 790 cases of concussion and 2014 control cases. The overall effect of concussion (d = 0.49) was comparable to the effect found in the non-sports-related mild traumatic brain injury population (d = 0.54; Belanger et al., 2005). Using sports-concussed participants with a history of prior head injury appears to inflate the effect sizes associated with the current sports-related concussion. Acute effects (within 24 hr of injury) of concussion were greatest for delayed memory, memory acquisition, and global cognitive functioning (d = 1.00, 1.03, and 1.42, respectively). However, no residual neuropsychological impairments were found when testing was completed beyond 7 days postinjury. These findings were moderated by cognitive domain and comparison group (control group versus preconcussion self-control). Specifically, delayed memory in studies utilizing a control group remained problematic at 7 days. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.},
keywords = {Aggression, Assessment \& Testing Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Erlanger, D; Kaushik, T; Cantu, R; Barth, J T; Broshek, D K; Freeman, J R; Webbe, F M
Symptom-based assessment of the severity of a concussion Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 98, pp. 477–484, 2003, ISSN: 0022-3085.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Assessment & Testing Sport Psychology
@article{Erlanger2003a,
title = {Symptom-based assessment of the severity of a concussion},
author = {Erlanger, D and Kaushik, T and Cantu, R and Barth, J T and Broshek, D K and Freeman, J R and Webbe, F M},
issn = {0022-3085},
year = {2003},
date = {2003-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurosurgery},
volume = {98},
pages = {477--484},
abstract = {Object. Current grading systems of concussion and return-to-play guidelines have little empirical support. The authors therefore examined the relationships of the characteristics and symptoms of concussion and the history of concussion to three indicators of concussion severity-number of immediate symptoms, number of symptoms at the initial follow-up examination, and duration of symptoms-to establish an empirical basis for grading concussions. Methods. Forty-seven athletes who sustained concussions were administered alternate forms of an Internet-based neurocognitive test until their performances were within normal limits relative to baseline levels. Assessments of observer-reported and self-reported symptoms at the sideline of the playing field on the day of injury, and at follow-up examinations were also obtained as part of a comprehensive concussion management protocol. Although loss of consciousness (LOC) was a useful indicator of the initial severity of the injury, it did not correlate with other indices of concussion severity, including duration of symptoms. Athletes reporting memory problems at follow-up examinations had significantly more symptoms in general, longer durations of those symptoms, and significant decreases in scores on neurocognitive tests administered approximately 48 hours postinjury. This decline of scores on neurocognitive testing was significantly associated with an increased duration of symptoms. A history of concussion was unrelated to the number and duration of symptoms. Conclusions. This paper represents the first documentation of empirically derived indicators of the clinical course of postconcussion symptom resolution. Self-reported memory problems apparent 24 hours postconcussion were robust indicators of the severity of sports-related concussion and should be a primary consideration in determining an athlete's readiness to return to competition. A decline on neurocognitive testing was the only objective measure significantly related to the duration of symptoms. Neither a brief LOC nor a history of concussion was a useful predictor of the duration of postconcussion symptoms.},
keywords = {Aggression, Assessment \& Testing Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Conroy, David E; Silva, John M; Newcomer, R Renee; Walker, Brent W; Johnson, Matthew S
Personal and participatory socializers of the perceived legitimacy of aggressive behavior in sport Journal Article
In: Aggressive Behavior, vol. 27, pp. 405–418, 2001, ISSN: 1098-2337.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Assessment & Testing Sport Psychology
@article{Conroy2001,
title = {Personal and participatory socializers of the perceived legitimacy of aggressive behavior in sport},
author = {Conroy, David E and Silva, John M and Newcomer, R Renee and Walker, Brent W and Johnson, Matthew S},
issn = {1098-2337},
year = {2001},
date = {2001-01-01},
journal = {Aggressive Behavior},
volume = {27},
pages = {405--418},
address = {Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; School of Physical Education, West Virginia Un},
abstract = {Recent international attention from the media and professional organizations has focused increasingly on violent incidents in sport. The present study developed and used the Sport Behavior Inventory (SBI) to examine personal and participatory variables that influence the socialization of the perceived legitimacy of aggressive sport behavior in children and adolescents ages 8-19 enrolled in public schools. In phase I of this study, the psychometric properties of the SBI as a measure of perceived legitimacy were evaluated in terms of content validity, structural validity, internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. A multiple regression analysis in phase II indicated that increases in athletesrsquo perceptions of the legitimacy of aggressive sport behavior were positively related to age, being male, and contact sport participation. Results were discussed in relation to the social factors that contribute to the development of perceptions of legitimacy for aggressive sport behavior, and future research uses for the SBI. Aggr. Behav. 27:405-418, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
keywords = {Aggression, Assessment \& Testing Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Junge, A; Dvorak, J; Rosch, D; Graf-Baumann, T; Chomiak, J; Peterson, L
Psychological and sport-specific characteristics of football players Journal Article
In: American Journal of Sports Medicine, vol. 28, pp. S22–8, 2000.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression, Assessment & Testing Sport Psychology
@article{Junge2000,
title = {Psychological and sport-specific characteristics of football players},
author = {Junge, A and Dvorak, J and Rosch, D and Graf-Baumann, T and Chomiak, J and Peterson, L},
year = {2000},
date = {2000-01-01},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Medicine},
volume = {28},
pages = {S22--8},
address = {Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland.},
abstract = {It is hypothesized that players of different levels of play might differ not only in their football skills but also in their way of playing football and with respect to psychological factors such as concentration, reaction time, or competitive anxiety. The psychological characteristics of a player might influence his way of playing football (in particular with respect to fair play) and also his risk of injury. A group of 588 football players were studied by questionnaire; additionally, reaction time tests were performed. Psychological characteristics were assessed by three established self-evaluation questionnaires: the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory, the State Competitive Anxiety Test, and the State-Trait-Anger-Expression-Inventory. Football-specific characteristics that were investigated included playing experience and positions played, style of play, number of training hours and games, as well as aspects of fair play. Reaction time was tested twice: without the influence of physical exercise and immediately after a 12-minute run. A significant reduction in reaction time was observed after physical exercise. In high-level players, the reaction time immediately after the 12-minute run was significantly shorter than it was in low-level players. The questionnaire answers given regarding fair play clearly indicated that fair play is not paid sufficient respect. The relationship between psychological characteristics and attitudes toward fair play was analyzed and discussed.},
keywords = {Aggression, Assessment \& Testing Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}