Talavage, T M; Nauman, E A; Leverenz, L J
The role of medical imaging in the recharacterization of mild traumatic brain injury using youth sports as a laboratory Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Neurology, vol. 6, no. JAN, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, cognition assessment, Concussion, DIAGNOSTIC imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, Functional MRI, human, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Neuroanatomy, neuroimaging, neuromonitoring, nonhuman, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Patient monitoring, population risk, prediction, protective equipment, sport injury, Subconcussive, traumatic brain injury, validation process
@article{Talavage2016,
title = {The role of medical imaging in the recharacterization of mild traumatic brain injury using youth sports as a laboratory},
author = {Talavage, T M and Nauman, E A and Leverenz, L J},
doi = {10.3389/fneur.2015.00273},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Neurology},
volume = {6},
number = {JAN},
abstract = {The short- and long-term impact of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an increasingly vital concern for both military and civilian personnel. Such injuries produce significant social and financial burdens and necessitate improved diagnostic and treatment methods. Recent integration of neuroimaging and biomechanical studies in youth collision-sport athletes has revealed that significant alterations in brain structure and function occur even in the absence of traditional clinical markers of "concussion." While task performance is maintained, athletes exposed to repetitive head accelerations exhibit structural changes to the underlying white matter, altered glial cell metabolism, aberrant vascular response, and marked changes in functional network behavior. Moreover, these changes accumulate with accrued years of exposure, suggesting a cumulative trauma mechanism that may culminate in categorization as "concussion" and long-term neurological deficits. The goal of this review is to elucidate the role of medical imaging in recharacterizing TBI, as a whole, to better identify at-risk individuals and improve the development of preventative and interventional approaches. © 2016 Talavage, Nauman and Leverenz.},
keywords = {Article, cognition assessment, Concussion, DIAGNOSTIC imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, Functional MRI, human, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Neuroanatomy, neuroimaging, neuromonitoring, nonhuman, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Patient monitoring, population risk, prediction, protective equipment, sport injury, Subconcussive, traumatic brain injury, validation process},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sikoglu, E M; Liso Navarro, A A; Czerniak, S M; McCafferty, J; Eisenstock, J; Stevenson, J H; King, J A; Moore, C M
Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study Journal Article
In: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 181–187, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Article, athlete, Athletic Injuries, biochemical analysis, bioenergy, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, college, Concussion, energy consumption, Energy Metabolism, Female, high energy phosphate, human, Humans, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, metabolism, MR spectroscopy (phosphorus-31), neuroimaging, NTP, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nucleoside, nucleoside triphosphate, Nucleosides, Pathophysiology, phosphate, Phosphates, phosphorus, Phosphorus Isotopes, phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance, PHYSIOLOGY, Prefrontal Cortex, priority journal, procedures, sport injury, Universities, university, Young Adult
@article{Sikoglu2015,
title = {Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study},
author = {Sikoglu, E M and {Liso Navarro}, A A and Czerniak, S M and McCafferty, J and Eisenstock, J and Stevenson, J H and King, J A and Moore, C M},
doi = {10.1097/WNN.0000000000000076},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology},
volume = {28},
number = {4},
pages = {181--187},
abstract = {Background: Although clinical evaluations and neurocognitive assessments are commonly used to evaluate the extent of and recovery from concussion, brain bioenergetics could provide a more quantitative marker. The neurometabolic response to a concussion is thought to increase neuronal energy consumption and thus the demand for nucleoside triphosphate (NTP). Objective: We investigated the possible disruption in high-energy metabolism within the prefrontal cortex of college athletes who had either had a concussion within the past 6 months (n=14) or had never had a concussion (n=13). We hypothesized that concussed athletes would have imbalanced brain bioenergetics resulting from increased NTP consumption, and these biochemical changes would correspond to impaired cognitive abilities. Methods: We used phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify high-energy phosphates. We performed the neuroimaging in conjunction with neurocognitive assessments targeting prefrontal cortex-mediated tasks. Results: Our results revealed significantly lower $gamma$-NTP levels in the athletes after concussion. Although the concussed and non-concussed participants performed similarly in neurocognitive assessments, lower levels of $gamma$-NTP were associated with worse scores on neurocognitive tasks. Conclusions: Our results support the concept of increased energy demand in the prefrontal cortex of a concussed brain, and we found that while neurocognitive assessments appear normal, brain energetics may be abnormal. A longitudinal study could help establish brain NTP levels as a biomarker to aid in diagnosis and to assess recovery in concussed patients. © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Article, athlete, Athletic Injuries, biochemical analysis, bioenergy, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, college, Concussion, energy consumption, Energy Metabolism, Female, high energy phosphate, human, Humans, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, metabolism, MR spectroscopy (phosphorus-31), neuroimaging, NTP, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nucleoside, nucleoside triphosphate, Nucleosides, Pathophysiology, phosphate, Phosphates, phosphorus, Phosphorus Isotopes, phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance, PHYSIOLOGY, Prefrontal Cortex, priority journal, procedures, sport injury, Universities, university, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vagnozzi, Roberto; Signoretti, Stefano; Cristofori, Luciano; Alessandrini, Franco; Floris, Roberto; Isgrò, Eugenio; Ria, Antonio; Marziali, Simone; Zoccatelli, Giada; Tavazzi, Barbara; Del Bolgia, Franco; Sorge, Roberto; Broglio, Steven P; McIntosh, Tracy K; Lazzarino, Giuseppe
Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients: Corrigendum Journal Article
In: Brain: A Journal of Neurology, vol. 136, no. 11, pp. e262–e262, 2013, ISBN: 0006-8950 1460-2156.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: 2013, Athletes, brain concussion, BRAIN damage, Concussion, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, metabolic brain damage, mild traumatic brain injury, NEUROCHEMISTRY, Recovery, Recovery (Disorders), Spectroscopy, traumatic brain injury
@article{Vagnozzi2013a,
title = {Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients: Corrigendum},
author = {Vagnozzi, Roberto and Signoretti, Stefano and Cristofori, Luciano and Alessandrini, Franco and Floris, Roberto and Isgr\`{o}, Eugenio and Ria, Antonio and Marziali, Simone and Zoccatelli, Giada and Tavazzi, Barbara and {Del Bolgia}, Franco and Sorge, Roberto and Broglio, Steven P and McIntosh, Tracy K and Lazzarino, Giuseppe},
isbn = {0006-8950
1460-2156},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Brain: A Journal of Neurology},
volume = {136},
number = {11},
pages = {e262--e262},
abstract = {Reports an error in 'Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients' by Roberto Vagnozzi, Stefano Signoretti, Luciano Cristofori, Franco Alessandrini, Roberto Floris, Eugenio Isgr\`{o}, Antonio Ria, Simone Marziale, Giada Zoccatelli, Barbara Tavazzi, Franco Del Bolgia, Roberto Sorge, Steven P. Broglio, Tracy K. McIntosh and Giuseppe Lazzarino (Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 2010[Nov], Vol 133[11], 3232-3242). In the original article, the eighth author’s surname was incorrectly given as ‘Marziale’. The corrected surname of the eighth author is present in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2010-23062-009[/rid]). Concussive head injury opens a temporary window of brain vulnerability due to the impairment of cellular energetic metabolism. As experimentally demonstrated, a second mild injury occurring during this period can lead to severe brain damage, a condition clinically described as the second impact syndrome. To corroborate the validity of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in monitoring cerebral metabolic changes following mild traumatic brain injury, apart from the magnetic field strength (1.5 or 3.0 T) and mode of acquisition, we undertook a multicentre prospective study in which a cohort of 40 athletes suffering from concussion and a group of 30 control healthy subjects were admitted. Athletes (aged 16\textendash35 years) were recruited and examined at three different institutions between September 2007 and June 2009. They underwent assessment of brain metabolism at 3, 15, 22 and 30 days post-injury through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the determination of N-acetylaspartate, creatine and choline-containing compounds. Values of these representative brain metabolites were compared with those observed in the group of non-injured controls. Comparison of spectroscopic data, obtained in controls using different field strength and/or mode of acquisition, did not show any difference in the brain metabolite ratios. Athletes with concussion exhibited the most significant alteration of metabolite ratios at Day 3 post-injury (N-acetylaspartate/creatine: −17.6%, N-acetylaspartate/choline: −21.4%; P \< 0.001 with respect to controls). On average, metabolic disturbance gradually recovered, initially in a slow fashion and, following Day 15, more rapidly. At 30 days post-injury, all athletes showed complete recovery, having metabolite ratios returned to values detected in controls. Athletes self-declared symptom clearance between 3 and 15 days after concussion. Results indicate that N-acetylaspartate determination by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy represents a non-invasive tool to accurately measure changes in cerebral energy metabolism occurring in mild traumatic brain injury. In particular, this metabolic evaluation may significantly improve, along with other clinical assessments, the management of athletes suffering from concussion. Further studies to verify the effects of a second concussive event occurring at different time points of the recovery curve of brain metabolism are needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {2013, Athletes, brain concussion, BRAIN damage, Concussion, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, metabolic brain damage, mild traumatic brain injury, NEUROCHEMISTRY, Recovery, Recovery (Disorders), Spectroscopy, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jordan, B D
Neurologic aspects of boxing Journal Article
In: Archives of Neurology, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 453–459, 1987.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries, *Boxing, *Brain Injuries, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/pa [Pathology], Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], Athletic Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Injuries/pa [Pathology], Brain Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], Brain Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], Humans, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
@article{Jordan1987,
title = {Neurologic aspects of boxing},
author = {Jordan, B D},
year = {1987},
date = {1987-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Neurology},
volume = {44},
number = {4},
pages = {453--459},
abstract = {The assessment and prevention of potentially adverse neurologic consequences of boxing requires two important considerations. Acute neurologic injuries should be distinguished from chronic brain injuries and the level of competitive boxing (ie, amateur vs professional) must also be taken into account. Acute neurologic injuries such as concussion, post-concussion syndrome, intracranial hemorrhage, and brain contusion are more readily identified than chronic neurologic injuries because of their immediate devastation of the nervous system. In contrast, chronic neurologic injuries differ in their pathophysiologic mechanisms that are exemplified by an insidious onset and progression after the cessation of boxing. Accordingly, the chronic traumatic encephalopathy of boxing poses the most serious neurologic threat of boxing. Amateur boxing differs from professional boxing in the duration of fights, rules and regulatory policies, medical evaluation, and protective devices. These factors could produce a differential effect on the risk of injury to the brain. The prevention of neurologic injuries in boxing requires the integration of proper neurologic evaluation by qualified ring-side physicians, the design and utilization of effective protective devices, and the establishment of national regulatory agencies.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries, *Boxing, *Brain Injuries, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/pa [Pathology], Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], Athletic Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Injuries/pa [Pathology], Brain Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], Brain Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], Humans, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Tomography, X-Ray Computed},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Talavage, T M; Nauman, E A; Leverenz, L J
The role of medical imaging in the recharacterization of mild traumatic brain injury using youth sports as a laboratory Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Neurology, vol. 6, no. JAN, 2016.
@article{Talavage2016,
title = {The role of medical imaging in the recharacterization of mild traumatic brain injury using youth sports as a laboratory},
author = {Talavage, T M and Nauman, E A and Leverenz, L J},
doi = {10.3389/fneur.2015.00273},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Neurology},
volume = {6},
number = {JAN},
abstract = {The short- and long-term impact of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an increasingly vital concern for both military and civilian personnel. Such injuries produce significant social and financial burdens and necessitate improved diagnostic and treatment methods. Recent integration of neuroimaging and biomechanical studies in youth collision-sport athletes has revealed that significant alterations in brain structure and function occur even in the absence of traditional clinical markers of "concussion." While task performance is maintained, athletes exposed to repetitive head accelerations exhibit structural changes to the underlying white matter, altered glial cell metabolism, aberrant vascular response, and marked changes in functional network behavior. Moreover, these changes accumulate with accrued years of exposure, suggesting a cumulative trauma mechanism that may culminate in categorization as "concussion" and long-term neurological deficits. The goal of this review is to elucidate the role of medical imaging in recharacterizing TBI, as a whole, to better identify at-risk individuals and improve the development of preventative and interventional approaches. © 2016 Talavage, Nauman and Leverenz.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sikoglu, E M; Liso Navarro, A A; Czerniak, S M; McCafferty, J; Eisenstock, J; Stevenson, J H; King, J A; Moore, C M
Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study Journal Article
In: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 181–187, 2015.
@article{Sikoglu2015,
title = {Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study},
author = {Sikoglu, E M and {Liso Navarro}, A A and Czerniak, S M and McCafferty, J and Eisenstock, J and Stevenson, J H and King, J A and Moore, C M},
doi = {10.1097/WNN.0000000000000076},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology},
volume = {28},
number = {4},
pages = {181--187},
abstract = {Background: Although clinical evaluations and neurocognitive assessments are commonly used to evaluate the extent of and recovery from concussion, brain bioenergetics could provide a more quantitative marker. The neurometabolic response to a concussion is thought to increase neuronal energy consumption and thus the demand for nucleoside triphosphate (NTP). Objective: We investigated the possible disruption in high-energy metabolism within the prefrontal cortex of college athletes who had either had a concussion within the past 6 months (n=14) or had never had a concussion (n=13). We hypothesized that concussed athletes would have imbalanced brain bioenergetics resulting from increased NTP consumption, and these biochemical changes would correspond to impaired cognitive abilities. Methods: We used phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify high-energy phosphates. We performed the neuroimaging in conjunction with neurocognitive assessments targeting prefrontal cortex-mediated tasks. Results: Our results revealed significantly lower $gamma$-NTP levels in the athletes after concussion. Although the concussed and non-concussed participants performed similarly in neurocognitive assessments, lower levels of $gamma$-NTP were associated with worse scores on neurocognitive tasks. Conclusions: Our results support the concept of increased energy demand in the prefrontal cortex of a concussed brain, and we found that while neurocognitive assessments appear normal, brain energetics may be abnormal. A longitudinal study could help establish brain NTP levels as a biomarker to aid in diagnosis and to assess recovery in concussed patients. © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vagnozzi, Roberto; Signoretti, Stefano; Cristofori, Luciano; Alessandrini, Franco; Floris, Roberto; Isgrò, Eugenio; Ria, Antonio; Marziali, Simone; Zoccatelli, Giada; Tavazzi, Barbara; Del Bolgia, Franco; Sorge, Roberto; Broglio, Steven P; McIntosh, Tracy K; Lazzarino, Giuseppe
Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients: Corrigendum Journal Article
In: Brain: A Journal of Neurology, vol. 136, no. 11, pp. e262–e262, 2013, ISBN: 0006-8950 1460-2156.
@article{Vagnozzi2013a,
title = {Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients: Corrigendum},
author = {Vagnozzi, Roberto and Signoretti, Stefano and Cristofori, Luciano and Alessandrini, Franco and Floris, Roberto and Isgr\`{o}, Eugenio and Ria, Antonio and Marziali, Simone and Zoccatelli, Giada and Tavazzi, Barbara and {Del Bolgia}, Franco and Sorge, Roberto and Broglio, Steven P and McIntosh, Tracy K and Lazzarino, Giuseppe},
isbn = {0006-8950
1460-2156},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Brain: A Journal of Neurology},
volume = {136},
number = {11},
pages = {e262--e262},
abstract = {Reports an error in 'Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients' by Roberto Vagnozzi, Stefano Signoretti, Luciano Cristofori, Franco Alessandrini, Roberto Floris, Eugenio Isgr\`{o}, Antonio Ria, Simone Marziale, Giada Zoccatelli, Barbara Tavazzi, Franco Del Bolgia, Roberto Sorge, Steven P. Broglio, Tracy K. McIntosh and Giuseppe Lazzarino (Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 2010[Nov], Vol 133[11], 3232-3242). In the original article, the eighth author’s surname was incorrectly given as ‘Marziale’. The corrected surname of the eighth author is present in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2010-23062-009[/rid]). Concussive head injury opens a temporary window of brain vulnerability due to the impairment of cellular energetic metabolism. As experimentally demonstrated, a second mild injury occurring during this period can lead to severe brain damage, a condition clinically described as the second impact syndrome. To corroborate the validity of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in monitoring cerebral metabolic changes following mild traumatic brain injury, apart from the magnetic field strength (1.5 or 3.0 T) and mode of acquisition, we undertook a multicentre prospective study in which a cohort of 40 athletes suffering from concussion and a group of 30 control healthy subjects were admitted. Athletes (aged 16\textendash35 years) were recruited and examined at three different institutions between September 2007 and June 2009. They underwent assessment of brain metabolism at 3, 15, 22 and 30 days post-injury through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the determination of N-acetylaspartate, creatine and choline-containing compounds. Values of these representative brain metabolites were compared with those observed in the group of non-injured controls. Comparison of spectroscopic data, obtained in controls using different field strength and/or mode of acquisition, did not show any difference in the brain metabolite ratios. Athletes with concussion exhibited the most significant alteration of metabolite ratios at Day 3 post-injury (N-acetylaspartate/creatine: −17.6%, N-acetylaspartate/choline: −21.4%; P \< 0.001 with respect to controls). On average, metabolic disturbance gradually recovered, initially in a slow fashion and, following Day 15, more rapidly. At 30 days post-injury, all athletes showed complete recovery, having metabolite ratios returned to values detected in controls. Athletes self-declared symptom clearance between 3 and 15 days after concussion. Results indicate that N-acetylaspartate determination by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy represents a non-invasive tool to accurately measure changes in cerebral energy metabolism occurring in mild traumatic brain injury. In particular, this metabolic evaluation may significantly improve, along with other clinical assessments, the management of athletes suffering from concussion. Further studies to verify the effects of a second concussive event occurring at different time points of the recovery curve of brain metabolism are needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jordan, B D
Neurologic aspects of boxing Journal Article
In: Archives of Neurology, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 453–459, 1987.
@article{Jordan1987,
title = {Neurologic aspects of boxing},
author = {Jordan, B D},
year = {1987},
date = {1987-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Neurology},
volume = {44},
number = {4},
pages = {453--459},
abstract = {The assessment and prevention of potentially adverse neurologic consequences of boxing requires two important considerations. Acute neurologic injuries should be distinguished from chronic brain injuries and the level of competitive boxing (ie, amateur vs professional) must also be taken into account. Acute neurologic injuries such as concussion, post-concussion syndrome, intracranial hemorrhage, and brain contusion are more readily identified than chronic neurologic injuries because of their immediate devastation of the nervous system. In contrast, chronic neurologic injuries differ in their pathophysiologic mechanisms that are exemplified by an insidious onset and progression after the cessation of boxing. Accordingly, the chronic traumatic encephalopathy of boxing poses the most serious neurologic threat of boxing. Amateur boxing differs from professional boxing in the duration of fights, rules and regulatory policies, medical evaluation, and protective devices. These factors could produce a differential effect on the risk of injury to the brain. The prevention of neurologic injuries in boxing requires the integration of proper neurologic evaluation by qualified ring-side physicians, the design and utilization of effective protective devices, and the establishment of national regulatory agencies.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Talavage, T M; Nauman, E A; Leverenz, L J
The role of medical imaging in the recharacterization of mild traumatic brain injury using youth sports as a laboratory Journal Article
In: Frontiers in Neurology, vol. 6, no. JAN, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, cognition assessment, Concussion, DIAGNOSTIC imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, Functional MRI, human, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Neuroanatomy, neuroimaging, neuromonitoring, nonhuman, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Patient monitoring, population risk, prediction, protective equipment, sport injury, Subconcussive, traumatic brain injury, validation process
@article{Talavage2016,
title = {The role of medical imaging in the recharacterization of mild traumatic brain injury using youth sports as a laboratory},
author = {Talavage, T M and Nauman, E A and Leverenz, L J},
doi = {10.3389/fneur.2015.00273},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Frontiers in Neurology},
volume = {6},
number = {JAN},
abstract = {The short- and long-term impact of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an increasingly vital concern for both military and civilian personnel. Such injuries produce significant social and financial burdens and necessitate improved diagnostic and treatment methods. Recent integration of neuroimaging and biomechanical studies in youth collision-sport athletes has revealed that significant alterations in brain structure and function occur even in the absence of traditional clinical markers of "concussion." While task performance is maintained, athletes exposed to repetitive head accelerations exhibit structural changes to the underlying white matter, altered glial cell metabolism, aberrant vascular response, and marked changes in functional network behavior. Moreover, these changes accumulate with accrued years of exposure, suggesting a cumulative trauma mechanism that may culminate in categorization as "concussion" and long-term neurological deficits. The goal of this review is to elucidate the role of medical imaging in recharacterizing TBI, as a whole, to better identify at-risk individuals and improve the development of preventative and interventional approaches. © 2016 Talavage, Nauman and Leverenz.},
keywords = {Article, cognition assessment, Concussion, DIAGNOSTIC imaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging, Functional MRI, human, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Neuroanatomy, neuroimaging, neuromonitoring, nonhuman, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Patient monitoring, population risk, prediction, protective equipment, sport injury, Subconcussive, traumatic brain injury, validation process},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Sikoglu, E M; Liso Navarro, A A; Czerniak, S M; McCafferty, J; Eisenstock, J; Stevenson, J H; King, J A; Moore, C M
Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study Journal Article
In: Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 181–187, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, Article, athlete, Athletic Injuries, biochemical analysis, bioenergy, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, college, Concussion, energy consumption, Energy Metabolism, Female, high energy phosphate, human, Humans, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, metabolism, MR spectroscopy (phosphorus-31), neuroimaging, NTP, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nucleoside, nucleoside triphosphate, Nucleosides, Pathophysiology, phosphate, Phosphates, phosphorus, Phosphorus Isotopes, phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance, PHYSIOLOGY, Prefrontal Cortex, priority journal, procedures, sport injury, Universities, university, Young Adult
@article{Sikoglu2015,
title = {Effects of Recent Concussion on Brain Bioenergetics: A Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study},
author = {Sikoglu, E M and {Liso Navarro}, A A and Czerniak, S M and McCafferty, J and Eisenstock, J and Stevenson, J H and King, J A and Moore, C M},
doi = {10.1097/WNN.0000000000000076},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology},
volume = {28},
number = {4},
pages = {181--187},
abstract = {Background: Although clinical evaluations and neurocognitive assessments are commonly used to evaluate the extent of and recovery from concussion, brain bioenergetics could provide a more quantitative marker. The neurometabolic response to a concussion is thought to increase neuronal energy consumption and thus the demand for nucleoside triphosphate (NTP). Objective: We investigated the possible disruption in high-energy metabolism within the prefrontal cortex of college athletes who had either had a concussion within the past 6 months (n=14) or had never had a concussion (n=13). We hypothesized that concussed athletes would have imbalanced brain bioenergetics resulting from increased NTP consumption, and these biochemical changes would correspond to impaired cognitive abilities. Methods: We used phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify high-energy phosphates. We performed the neuroimaging in conjunction with neurocognitive assessments targeting prefrontal cortex-mediated tasks. Results: Our results revealed significantly lower $gamma$-NTP levels in the athletes after concussion. Although the concussed and non-concussed participants performed similarly in neurocognitive assessments, lower levels of $gamma$-NTP were associated with worse scores on neurocognitive tasks. Conclusions: Our results support the concept of increased energy demand in the prefrontal cortex of a concussed brain, and we found that while neurocognitive assessments appear normal, brain energetics may be abnormal. A longitudinal study could help establish brain NTP levels as a biomarker to aid in diagnosis and to assess recovery in concussed patients. © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, Article, athlete, Athletic Injuries, biochemical analysis, bioenergy, brain concussion, clinical article, cognition, college, Concussion, energy consumption, Energy Metabolism, Female, high energy phosphate, human, Humans, Longitudinal studies, longitudinal study, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Male, metabolism, MR spectroscopy (phosphorus-31), neuroimaging, NTP, NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy, nucleoside, nucleoside triphosphate, Nucleosides, Pathophysiology, phosphate, Phosphates, phosphorus, Phosphorus Isotopes, phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance, PHYSIOLOGY, Prefrontal Cortex, priority journal, procedures, sport injury, Universities, university, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vagnozzi, Roberto; Signoretti, Stefano; Cristofori, Luciano; Alessandrini, Franco; Floris, Roberto; Isgrò, Eugenio; Ria, Antonio; Marziali, Simone; Zoccatelli, Giada; Tavazzi, Barbara; Del Bolgia, Franco; Sorge, Roberto; Broglio, Steven P; McIntosh, Tracy K; Lazzarino, Giuseppe
Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients: Corrigendum Journal Article
In: Brain: A Journal of Neurology, vol. 136, no. 11, pp. e262–e262, 2013, ISBN: 0006-8950 1460-2156.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: 2013, Athletes, brain concussion, BRAIN damage, Concussion, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, metabolic brain damage, mild traumatic brain injury, NEUROCHEMISTRY, Recovery, Recovery (Disorders), Spectroscopy, traumatic brain injury
@article{Vagnozzi2013a,
title = {Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients: Corrigendum},
author = {Vagnozzi, Roberto and Signoretti, Stefano and Cristofori, Luciano and Alessandrini, Franco and Floris, Roberto and Isgr\`{o}, Eugenio and Ria, Antonio and Marziali, Simone and Zoccatelli, Giada and Tavazzi, Barbara and {Del Bolgia}, Franco and Sorge, Roberto and Broglio, Steven P and McIntosh, Tracy K and Lazzarino, Giuseppe},
isbn = {0006-8950
1460-2156},
year = {2013},
date = {2013-01-01},
journal = {Brain: A Journal of Neurology},
volume = {136},
number = {11},
pages = {e262--e262},
abstract = {Reports an error in 'Assessment of metabolic brain damage and recovery following mild traumatic brain injury: A multicentre, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study in concussed patients' by Roberto Vagnozzi, Stefano Signoretti, Luciano Cristofori, Franco Alessandrini, Roberto Floris, Eugenio Isgr\`{o}, Antonio Ria, Simone Marziale, Giada Zoccatelli, Barbara Tavazzi, Franco Del Bolgia, Roberto Sorge, Steven P. Broglio, Tracy K. McIntosh and Giuseppe Lazzarino (Brain: A Journal of Neurology, 2010[Nov], Vol 133[11], 3232-3242). In the original article, the eighth author’s surname was incorrectly given as ‘Marziale’. The corrected surname of the eighth author is present in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record [rid]2010-23062-009[/rid]). Concussive head injury opens a temporary window of brain vulnerability due to the impairment of cellular energetic metabolism. As experimentally demonstrated, a second mild injury occurring during this period can lead to severe brain damage, a condition clinically described as the second impact syndrome. To corroborate the validity of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in monitoring cerebral metabolic changes following mild traumatic brain injury, apart from the magnetic field strength (1.5 or 3.0 T) and mode of acquisition, we undertook a multicentre prospective study in which a cohort of 40 athletes suffering from concussion and a group of 30 control healthy subjects were admitted. Athletes (aged 16\textendash35 years) were recruited and examined at three different institutions between September 2007 and June 2009. They underwent assessment of brain metabolism at 3, 15, 22 and 30 days post-injury through proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the determination of N-acetylaspartate, creatine and choline-containing compounds. Values of these representative brain metabolites were compared with those observed in the group of non-injured controls. Comparison of spectroscopic data, obtained in controls using different field strength and/or mode of acquisition, did not show any difference in the brain metabolite ratios. Athletes with concussion exhibited the most significant alteration of metabolite ratios at Day 3 post-injury (N-acetylaspartate/creatine: −17.6%, N-acetylaspartate/choline: −21.4%; P \< 0.001 with respect to controls). On average, metabolic disturbance gradually recovered, initially in a slow fashion and, following Day 15, more rapidly. At 30 days post-injury, all athletes showed complete recovery, having metabolite ratios returned to values detected in controls. Athletes self-declared symptom clearance between 3 and 15 days after concussion. Results indicate that N-acetylaspartate determination by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy represents a non-invasive tool to accurately measure changes in cerebral energy metabolism occurring in mild traumatic brain injury. In particular, this metabolic evaluation may significantly improve, along with other clinical assessments, the management of athletes suffering from concussion. Further studies to verify the effects of a second concussive event occurring at different time points of the recovery curve of brain metabolism are needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
keywords = {2013, Athletes, brain concussion, BRAIN damage, Concussion, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, metabolic brain damage, mild traumatic brain injury, NEUROCHEMISTRY, Recovery, Recovery (Disorders), Spectroscopy, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jordan, B D
Neurologic aspects of boxing Journal Article
In: Archives of Neurology, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 453–459, 1987.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries, *Boxing, *Brain Injuries, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/pa [Pathology], Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], Athletic Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Injuries/pa [Pathology], Brain Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], Brain Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], Humans, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
@article{Jordan1987,
title = {Neurologic aspects of boxing},
author = {Jordan, B D},
year = {1987},
date = {1987-01-01},
journal = {Archives of Neurology},
volume = {44},
number = {4},
pages = {453--459},
abstract = {The assessment and prevention of potentially adverse neurologic consequences of boxing requires two important considerations. Acute neurologic injuries should be distinguished from chronic brain injuries and the level of competitive boxing (ie, amateur vs professional) must also be taken into account. Acute neurologic injuries such as concussion, post-concussion syndrome, intracranial hemorrhage, and brain contusion are more readily identified than chronic neurologic injuries because of their immediate devastation of the nervous system. In contrast, chronic neurologic injuries differ in their pathophysiologic mechanisms that are exemplified by an insidious onset and progression after the cessation of boxing. Accordingly, the chronic traumatic encephalopathy of boxing poses the most serious neurologic threat of boxing. Amateur boxing differs from professional boxing in the duration of fights, rules and regulatory policies, medical evaluation, and protective devices. These factors could produce a differential effect on the risk of injury to the brain. The prevention of neurologic injuries in boxing requires the integration of proper neurologic evaluation by qualified ring-side physicians, the design and utilization of effective protective devices, and the establishment of national regulatory agencies.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries, *Boxing, *Brain Injuries, Athletic Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Athletic Injuries/pa [Pathology], Athletic Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], Athletic Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], Brain Concussion/et [Etiology], Brain Injuries/ep [Epidemiology], Brain Injuries/pa [Pathology], Brain Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], Brain Injuries/pp [Physiopathology], Humans, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Tomography, X-Ray Computed},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}