Blennow, K; Brody, D L; Kochanek, P M; Levin, H; McKee, A; Ribbers, G M; Yaffe, K; Zetterberg, H
Traumatic brain injuries Journal Article
In: Nature Reviews Disease Primers, vol. 2, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: amyloid beta protein, Article, axonal injury, biological marker, BIOPHYSICS, blood, brain, BRAIN damage, cerebrospinal fluid, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, computer assisted tomography, disease severity, endocrine disease, heredity, human, molecular pathology, neuropathology, nonhuman, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Pathophysiology, positron emission tomography, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, protein aggregation, quality of life, screening, tau protein, traumatic brain injury
@article{Blennow2016,
title = {Traumatic brain injuries},
author = {Blennow, K and Brody, D L and Kochanek, P M and Levin, H and McKee, A and Ribbers, G M and Yaffe, K and Zetterberg, H},
doi = {10.1038/nrdp.2016.84},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Nature Reviews Disease Primers},
volume = {2},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are clinically grouped by severity: mild, moderate and severe. Mild TBI (the least severe form) is synonymous with concussion and is typically caused by blunt non-penetrating head trauma. The trauma causes stretching and tearing of axons, which leads to diffuse axonal injury-the best-studied pathogenetic mechanism of this disorder. However, mild TBI is defined on clinical grounds and no well-validated imaging or fluid biomarkers to determine the presence of neuronal damage in patients with mild TBI is available. Most patients with mild TBI will recover quickly, but others report persistent symptoms, called post-concussive syndrome, the underlying pathophysiology of which is largely unknown. Repeated concussive and subconcussive head injuries have been linked to the neurodegenerative condition chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which has been reported post-mortem in contact sports athletes and soldiers exposed to blasts. Insights from severe injuries and CTE plausibly shed light on the underlying cellular and molecular processes involved in mild TBI. MRI techniques and blood tests for axonal proteins to identify and grade axonal injury, in addition to PET for tau pathology, show promise as tools to explore CTE pathophysiology in longitudinal clinical studies, and might be developed into diagnostic tools for CTE. Given that CTE is attributed to repeated head trauma, prevention might be possible through rule changes by sports organizations and legislators. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature.},
keywords = {amyloid beta protein, Article, axonal injury, biological marker, BIOPHYSICS, blood, brain, BRAIN damage, cerebrospinal fluid, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, computer assisted tomography, disease severity, endocrine disease, heredity, human, molecular pathology, neuropathology, nonhuman, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Pathophysiology, positron emission tomography, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, protein aggregation, quality of life, screening, tau protein, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Caccese, J B; Buckley, T A; Kaminski, T W
Sway area and velocity correlated with MobileMat Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) scores Journal Article
In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 329–334, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Approximate entropy, Balance, Balancing, Biomechanics, BIOPHYSICS, Concussion, Entropy, Linear measures, Nonlinear measure, ORTHOPEDICS, Outcome measures, postural stability, Sample entropy, Scoring systems
@article{Caccese2016,
title = {Sway area and velocity correlated with MobileMat Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) scores},
author = {Caccese, J B and Buckley, T A and Kaminski, T W},
doi = {10.1123/jab.2015-0273},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {329--334},
abstract = {The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) is often used for sport-related concussion balance assessment. However, moderate intratester and intertester reliability may cause low initial sensitivity, suggesting that a more objective balance assessment method is needed. The MobileMat BESS was designed for objective BESS scoring, but the outcome measures must be validated with reliable balance measures. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to compare MobileMat BESS scores to linear and nonlinear measures of balance. Eighty-eight healthy collegiate student-athletes (age: 20.0 ± 1.4 y, height: 177.7 ± 10.7 cm, mass: 74.8 ± 13.7 kg) completed the MobileMat BESS. MobileMat BESS scores were compared with 95% area, sway velocity, approximate entropy, and sample entropy. MobileMat BESS scores were significantly correlated with 95% area for single-leg (r =.332) and tandem firm (r =.474), and double-leg foam (r =.660); and with sway velocity for single-leg (r =.406) and tandem firm (r =.601), and double-leg (r =.575) and single-leg foam (r =.434). MobileMat BESS scores were not correlated with approximate or sample entropy. MobileMat BESS scores were low to moderately correlated with linear measures, suggesting the ability to identify changes in the center of mass-center of pressure relationship, but not higher-order processing associated with nonlinear measures. These results suggest that the MobileMat BESS may be a clinically-useful tool that provides objective linear balance measures. © 2016 Human Kinetics, Inc.},
keywords = {Approximate entropy, Balance, Balancing, Biomechanics, BIOPHYSICS, Concussion, Entropy, Linear measures, Nonlinear measure, ORTHOPEDICS, Outcome measures, postural stability, Sample entropy, Scoring systems},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gilchrist, I; Moglo, K; Storr, M; Pelland, L
Effects of head flexion posture on the multidirectional static force capacity of the neck Journal Article
In: Clinical Biomechanics, vol. 37, pp. 44–52, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, Article, Biomechanics, BIOPHYSICS, body equilibrium, body posture, Cervical spine, Concussions, contact sport, cross-sectional study, Dynamometry, force, head flexion, head movement, head position, human, human experiment, Male, Muscle, muscle contraction, muscle strength, neck injury, Neck muscle, neck strength, priority journal
@article{Gilchrist2016,
title = {Effects of head flexion posture on the multidirectional static force capacity of the neck},
author = {Gilchrist, I and Moglo, K and Storr, M and Pelland, L},
doi = {10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.05.016},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Biomechanics},
volume = {37},
pages = {44--52},
abstract = {Background Neck muscle force protects vertebral alignment and resists potentially injurious loading of osteoligamentous structures during head impacts. As the majority of neck muscles generate moments about all three planes of motion, it is not clear how the force capacity of the neck might be modulated by direction of force application and head posture. The aim of our study was to measure the multidirectional moment-generating capacity of the neck and to evaluate effects of 20° of head flexion, a common head position in contact sports, on the measured capacity. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study, with 25 males, 20-30 years old, performing maximum voluntary contractions, with ballistic intent, along eight directions, set at 45° intervals in the horizontal plane of the head. Three-dimensional moments at C3 and T1 were calculated using equations of static equilibrium. The variable of interest was the impulse of force generated from 0-50 ms. Effects of direction of force application and head posture, neutral and 20° flexion, were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance and linear regression. Findings Impulse of force was lower along diagonal planes, at 45° from the mid-sagittal plane, compared to orthogonal planes (P \< 0.001). Compared to neutral posture, head flexion produced a 55.2% decrease in impulse capacity at C3 and 45.9% at T1. Interpretation The risk of injury with head impact would intrinsically be higher along diagonal planes and with a 20° head down position due to a lower moment generating capacity of the neck in the first 50 ms of force application. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {adult, Article, Biomechanics, BIOPHYSICS, body equilibrium, body posture, Cervical spine, Concussions, contact sport, cross-sectional study, Dynamometry, force, head flexion, head movement, head position, human, human experiment, Male, Muscle, muscle contraction, muscle strength, neck injury, Neck muscle, neck strength, priority journal},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Blennow, K; Brody, D L; Kochanek, P M; Levin, H; McKee, A; Ribbers, G M; Yaffe, K; Zetterberg, H
Traumatic brain injuries Journal Article
In: Nature Reviews Disease Primers, vol. 2, 2016.
@article{Blennow2016,
title = {Traumatic brain injuries},
author = {Blennow, K and Brody, D L and Kochanek, P M and Levin, H and McKee, A and Ribbers, G M and Yaffe, K and Zetterberg, H},
doi = {10.1038/nrdp.2016.84},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Nature Reviews Disease Primers},
volume = {2},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are clinically grouped by severity: mild, moderate and severe. Mild TBI (the least severe form) is synonymous with concussion and is typically caused by blunt non-penetrating head trauma. The trauma causes stretching and tearing of axons, which leads to diffuse axonal injury-the best-studied pathogenetic mechanism of this disorder. However, mild TBI is defined on clinical grounds and no well-validated imaging or fluid biomarkers to determine the presence of neuronal damage in patients with mild TBI is available. Most patients with mild TBI will recover quickly, but others report persistent symptoms, called post-concussive syndrome, the underlying pathophysiology of which is largely unknown. Repeated concussive and subconcussive head injuries have been linked to the neurodegenerative condition chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which has been reported post-mortem in contact sports athletes and soldiers exposed to blasts. Insights from severe injuries and CTE plausibly shed light on the underlying cellular and molecular processes involved in mild TBI. MRI techniques and blood tests for axonal proteins to identify and grade axonal injury, in addition to PET for tau pathology, show promise as tools to explore CTE pathophysiology in longitudinal clinical studies, and might be developed into diagnostic tools for CTE. Given that CTE is attributed to repeated head trauma, prevention might be possible through rule changes by sports organizations and legislators. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Caccese, J B; Buckley, T A; Kaminski, T W
Sway area and velocity correlated with MobileMat Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) scores Journal Article
In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 329–334, 2016.
@article{Caccese2016,
title = {Sway area and velocity correlated with MobileMat Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) scores},
author = {Caccese, J B and Buckley, T A and Kaminski, T W},
doi = {10.1123/jab.2015-0273},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {329--334},
abstract = {The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) is often used for sport-related concussion balance assessment. However, moderate intratester and intertester reliability may cause low initial sensitivity, suggesting that a more objective balance assessment method is needed. The MobileMat BESS was designed for objective BESS scoring, but the outcome measures must be validated with reliable balance measures. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to compare MobileMat BESS scores to linear and nonlinear measures of balance. Eighty-eight healthy collegiate student-athletes (age: 20.0 ± 1.4 y, height: 177.7 ± 10.7 cm, mass: 74.8 ± 13.7 kg) completed the MobileMat BESS. MobileMat BESS scores were compared with 95% area, sway velocity, approximate entropy, and sample entropy. MobileMat BESS scores were significantly correlated with 95% area for single-leg (r =.332) and tandem firm (r =.474), and double-leg foam (r =.660); and with sway velocity for single-leg (r =.406) and tandem firm (r =.601), and double-leg (r =.575) and single-leg foam (r =.434). MobileMat BESS scores were not correlated with approximate or sample entropy. MobileMat BESS scores were low to moderately correlated with linear measures, suggesting the ability to identify changes in the center of mass-center of pressure relationship, but not higher-order processing associated with nonlinear measures. These results suggest that the MobileMat BESS may be a clinically-useful tool that provides objective linear balance measures. © 2016 Human Kinetics, Inc.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gilchrist, I; Moglo, K; Storr, M; Pelland, L
Effects of head flexion posture on the multidirectional static force capacity of the neck Journal Article
In: Clinical Biomechanics, vol. 37, pp. 44–52, 2016.
@article{Gilchrist2016,
title = {Effects of head flexion posture on the multidirectional static force capacity of the neck},
author = {Gilchrist, I and Moglo, K and Storr, M and Pelland, L},
doi = {10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.05.016},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Biomechanics},
volume = {37},
pages = {44--52},
abstract = {Background Neck muscle force protects vertebral alignment and resists potentially injurious loading of osteoligamentous structures during head impacts. As the majority of neck muscles generate moments about all three planes of motion, it is not clear how the force capacity of the neck might be modulated by direction of force application and head posture. The aim of our study was to measure the multidirectional moment-generating capacity of the neck and to evaluate effects of 20° of head flexion, a common head position in contact sports, on the measured capacity. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study, with 25 males, 20-30 years old, performing maximum voluntary contractions, with ballistic intent, along eight directions, set at 45° intervals in the horizontal plane of the head. Three-dimensional moments at C3 and T1 were calculated using equations of static equilibrium. The variable of interest was the impulse of force generated from 0-50 ms. Effects of direction of force application and head posture, neutral and 20° flexion, were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance and linear regression. Findings Impulse of force was lower along diagonal planes, at 45° from the mid-sagittal plane, compared to orthogonal planes (P \< 0.001). Compared to neutral posture, head flexion produced a 55.2% decrease in impulse capacity at C3 and 45.9% at T1. Interpretation The risk of injury with head impact would intrinsically be higher along diagonal planes and with a 20° head down position due to a lower moment generating capacity of the neck in the first 50 ms of force application. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Blennow, K; Brody, D L; Kochanek, P M; Levin, H; McKee, A; Ribbers, G M; Yaffe, K; Zetterberg, H
Traumatic brain injuries Journal Article
In: Nature Reviews Disease Primers, vol. 2, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: amyloid beta protein, Article, axonal injury, biological marker, BIOPHYSICS, blood, brain, BRAIN damage, cerebrospinal fluid, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, computer assisted tomography, disease severity, endocrine disease, heredity, human, molecular pathology, neuropathology, nonhuman, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Pathophysiology, positron emission tomography, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, protein aggregation, quality of life, screening, tau protein, traumatic brain injury
@article{Blennow2016,
title = {Traumatic brain injuries},
author = {Blennow, K and Brody, D L and Kochanek, P M and Levin, H and McKee, A and Ribbers, G M and Yaffe, K and Zetterberg, H},
doi = {10.1038/nrdp.2016.84},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Nature Reviews Disease Primers},
volume = {2},
abstract = {Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are clinically grouped by severity: mild, moderate and severe. Mild TBI (the least severe form) is synonymous with concussion and is typically caused by blunt non-penetrating head trauma. The trauma causes stretching and tearing of axons, which leads to diffuse axonal injury-the best-studied pathogenetic mechanism of this disorder. However, mild TBI is defined on clinical grounds and no well-validated imaging or fluid biomarkers to determine the presence of neuronal damage in patients with mild TBI is available. Most patients with mild TBI will recover quickly, but others report persistent symptoms, called post-concussive syndrome, the underlying pathophysiology of which is largely unknown. Repeated concussive and subconcussive head injuries have been linked to the neurodegenerative condition chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which has been reported post-mortem in contact sports athletes and soldiers exposed to blasts. Insights from severe injuries and CTE plausibly shed light on the underlying cellular and molecular processes involved in mild TBI. MRI techniques and blood tests for axonal proteins to identify and grade axonal injury, in addition to PET for tau pathology, show promise as tools to explore CTE pathophysiology in longitudinal clinical studies, and might be developed into diagnostic tools for CTE. Given that CTE is attributed to repeated head trauma, prevention might be possible through rule changes by sports organizations and legislators. © 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature.},
keywords = {amyloid beta protein, Article, axonal injury, biological marker, BIOPHYSICS, blood, brain, BRAIN damage, cerebrospinal fluid, Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, computer assisted tomography, disease severity, endocrine disease, heredity, human, molecular pathology, neuropathology, nonhuman, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Pathophysiology, positron emission tomography, postconcussion syndrome, priority journal, protein aggregation, quality of life, screening, tau protein, traumatic brain injury},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Caccese, J B; Buckley, T A; Kaminski, T W
Sway area and velocity correlated with MobileMat Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) scores Journal Article
In: Journal of Applied Biomechanics, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 329–334, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Approximate entropy, Balance, Balancing, Biomechanics, BIOPHYSICS, Concussion, Entropy, Linear measures, Nonlinear measure, ORTHOPEDICS, Outcome measures, postural stability, Sample entropy, Scoring systems
@article{Caccese2016,
title = {Sway area and velocity correlated with MobileMat Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) scores},
author = {Caccese, J B and Buckley, T A and Kaminski, T W},
doi = {10.1123/jab.2015-0273},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Applied Biomechanics},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {329--334},
abstract = {The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) is often used for sport-related concussion balance assessment. However, moderate intratester and intertester reliability may cause low initial sensitivity, suggesting that a more objective balance assessment method is needed. The MobileMat BESS was designed for objective BESS scoring, but the outcome measures must be validated with reliable balance measures. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to compare MobileMat BESS scores to linear and nonlinear measures of balance. Eighty-eight healthy collegiate student-athletes (age: 20.0 ± 1.4 y, height: 177.7 ± 10.7 cm, mass: 74.8 ± 13.7 kg) completed the MobileMat BESS. MobileMat BESS scores were compared with 95% area, sway velocity, approximate entropy, and sample entropy. MobileMat BESS scores were significantly correlated with 95% area for single-leg (r =.332) and tandem firm (r =.474), and double-leg foam (r =.660); and with sway velocity for single-leg (r =.406) and tandem firm (r =.601), and double-leg (r =.575) and single-leg foam (r =.434). MobileMat BESS scores were not correlated with approximate or sample entropy. MobileMat BESS scores were low to moderately correlated with linear measures, suggesting the ability to identify changes in the center of mass-center of pressure relationship, but not higher-order processing associated with nonlinear measures. These results suggest that the MobileMat BESS may be a clinically-useful tool that provides objective linear balance measures. © 2016 Human Kinetics, Inc.},
keywords = {Approximate entropy, Balance, Balancing, Biomechanics, BIOPHYSICS, Concussion, Entropy, Linear measures, Nonlinear measure, ORTHOPEDICS, Outcome measures, postural stability, Sample entropy, Scoring systems},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gilchrist, I; Moglo, K; Storr, M; Pelland, L
Effects of head flexion posture on the multidirectional static force capacity of the neck Journal Article
In: Clinical Biomechanics, vol. 37, pp. 44–52, 2016.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: adult, Article, Biomechanics, BIOPHYSICS, body equilibrium, body posture, Cervical spine, Concussions, contact sport, cross-sectional study, Dynamometry, force, head flexion, head movement, head position, human, human experiment, Male, Muscle, muscle contraction, muscle strength, neck injury, Neck muscle, neck strength, priority journal
@article{Gilchrist2016,
title = {Effects of head flexion posture on the multidirectional static force capacity of the neck},
author = {Gilchrist, I and Moglo, K and Storr, M and Pelland, L},
doi = {10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2016.05.016},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-01-01},
journal = {Clinical Biomechanics},
volume = {37},
pages = {44--52},
abstract = {Background Neck muscle force protects vertebral alignment and resists potentially injurious loading of osteoligamentous structures during head impacts. As the majority of neck muscles generate moments about all three planes of motion, it is not clear how the force capacity of the neck might be modulated by direction of force application and head posture. The aim of our study was to measure the multidirectional moment-generating capacity of the neck and to evaluate effects of 20° of head flexion, a common head position in contact sports, on the measured capacity. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study, with 25 males, 20-30 years old, performing maximum voluntary contractions, with ballistic intent, along eight directions, set at 45° intervals in the horizontal plane of the head. Three-dimensional moments at C3 and T1 were calculated using equations of static equilibrium. The variable of interest was the impulse of force generated from 0-50 ms. Effects of direction of force application and head posture, neutral and 20° flexion, were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance and linear regression. Findings Impulse of force was lower along diagonal planes, at 45° from the mid-sagittal plane, compared to orthogonal planes (P \< 0.001). Compared to neutral posture, head flexion produced a 55.2% decrease in impulse capacity at C3 and 45.9% at T1. Interpretation The risk of injury with head impact would intrinsically be higher along diagonal planes and with a 20° head down position due to a lower moment generating capacity of the neck in the first 50 ms of force application. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {adult, Article, Biomechanics, BIOPHYSICS, body equilibrium, body posture, Cervical spine, Concussions, contact sport, cross-sectional study, Dynamometry, force, head flexion, head movement, head position, human, human experiment, Male, Muscle, muscle contraction, muscle strength, neck injury, Neck muscle, neck strength, priority journal},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}