Fuller, C W; Jones, R; Fuller, A D
Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas Journal Article
In: Injury Prevention, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 309–313, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accident prevention, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Competitive Behavior, Environment Design, environmental planning, exercise, football, human, Humans, Incidence, Male, Physical Conditioning, physical education, Physical Education and Training, procedures, risk factor, Risk Factors, Sprains and Strains, VIDEO recording, videorecording
@article{Fuller2015ab,
title = {Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas},
author = {Fuller, C W and Jones, R and Fuller, A D},
doi = {10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041587},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Injury Prevention},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {309--313},
abstract = {Objectives To identify the circumstances in which international rugby players exit the playing area during match activities and to define a safe run-off distance around the playing area. Method An observational study using video recordings of 102 matches associated with the Rugby World Cup (2011), Rugby Championship (2013, 2014) and Six Nations Championship (2013, 2014) were used to analyse every event in which one or more players exited the playing area during normal match activities. The circumstances in which a player exited the playing area were categorised using a range of parameters: playing position, location, out-of-play region, match activity, distance travelled over the touchline, contacts made with pitchside fixtures and fittings. Results Ninety-five per cent of player-excursions took place within 5.2 m of the touchline. Players exiting the playing area were nearly three times more likely to be a back than a forward (p\<0.001) and the event was more likely to take place when a team was defending than attacking (p\<0.001). Being forced out of play during a contact event (70%) was the major reason for players exiting the playing area. Most players (88%) exiting the playing area only made contact with the perimeter area surface; a small proportion of players contacted touchline flags (6.1%), advertising boards (2.3%) and TV cameras/equipment (1.0%). Conclusions A minimum hazard-free distance of 5 m around a Rugby pitch is proposed based on the 95% percentile frequency distribution of player-excursion events into the areas contiguous with the playing area. © 2015 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Accident prevention, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Competitive Behavior, Environment Design, environmental planning, exercise, football, human, Humans, Incidence, Male, Physical Conditioning, physical education, Physical Education and Training, procedures, risk factor, Risk Factors, Sprains and Strains, VIDEO recording, videorecording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gardner, A J; Iverson, G L; Quinn, T N; Makdissi, M; Levi, C R; Shultz, S R; Wright, D K; Stanwell, P
A preliminary video analysis of concussion in the National Rugby League Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 1182–1185, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, athlete, Athletes, brain concussion, case study, clinical article, Concussion, descriptive research, EPIDEMIOLOGY, human, Incidence, Injury surveillance, observational study, rugby, sport injury, unconsciousness, videorecording
@article{Gardner2015b,
title = {A preliminary video analysis of concussion in the National Rugby League},
author = {Gardner, A J and Iverson, G L and Quinn, T N and Makdissi, M and Levi, C R and Shultz, S R and Wright, D K and Stanwell, P},
doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1034179},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
number = {10},
pages = {1182--1185},
abstract = {Primary objective: To conduct the first video analysis of concussion in the Australian National Rugby League (NRL) and describe player and injury characteristics, situational factors and time to return to play.Research design: Descriptive, observational case series.Methods and procedures: Video analysis of 20 medically diagnosed concussions for three consenting clubs during the 2013 NRL season.Main outcome and results: Most concussions (83%) occurred during a high tackle, and all injured ball carriers were hit high. Loss of consciousness was observed in 30% of cases. Common observable signs of injury included clutching of the head, balance problems or wobbly legs and a blank or vacant state. There were no post-concussive seizures. All players with loss of consciousness were removed from play. However, only half of the total sample was removed from play and one athlete who was removed returned to play in the same match. Of the players who were removed from play, the large majority returned the following week. Illegal play accounted for 25% of all concussions.Conclusions: Video analysis may be a useful method to study the incidence, mechanism and management of concussion in sports such as Rugby League. Future studies may include larger numbers to validate this preliminary data and may also investigate other levels of play and age ranges. © 2015 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {Article, athlete, Athletes, brain concussion, case study, clinical article, Concussion, descriptive research, EPIDEMIOLOGY, human, Incidence, Injury surveillance, observational study, rugby, sport injury, unconsciousness, videorecording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hendricks, S; O’Connor, S; Lambert, M; Brown, J; Burger, N; Fie, S M; Readhead, C; Viljoen, W
Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament Journal Article
In: European Journal of Sport Science, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 557–564, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Concussion, football, human, Humans, Injury and prevention, measurement, PHYSIOLOGY, Skill, team sport, videorecording, Videotape Recording
@article{Hendricks2015,
title = {Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament},
author = {Hendricks, S and O’Connor, S and Lambert, M and Brown, J and Burger, N and Fie, S M and Readhead, C and Viljoen, W},
doi = {10.1080/17461391.2015.1046192},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {European Journal of Sport Science},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {557--564},
abstract = {In rugby union, understanding the techniques and events leading to concussions is important because of the nature of the injury and the severity and potential long-term consequences, particularly in junior players. Proper contact technique is a prerequisite for successful participation in rugby and is a major factor associated with injury. However, the execution of proper contact technique and its relationship to injury has yet to be studied in matches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare contact techniques leading to concussion with a representative sample of similarly matched non-injury (NI) contact events. Injury surveillance was conducted at the 2011-2013 under-18 Craven Week Rugby tournaments. Video footage of 10 concussive events (5 tackle, 4 ruck and 1 aerial collision) and 83 NI events were identified (19 tackle, 61 ruck and 3 aerial collisions). Thereafter, each phase of play was analysed using standardised technical proficiency criteria. Overall score for ruck proficiency in concussive events was 5.67 (out of a total of 15) vs. 6.98 for NI events (n = 54) (effect size = 0.52, small). Overall average score for tackler proficiency was 7.25 (n = 4) and 6.67 (n = 15) for injury and NI tackles, respectively (out of 16) (effect size = 0.19, trivial). This is the first study to compare concussion injury contact technique to a player-matched sample of NI contact techniques. Certain individual technical criteria had an effect towards an NI outcome, and others had an effect towards a concussive event, highlighting that failure to execute certain techniques may substantially increase the opportunity for concussion. © 2015 European College of Sport Science.},
keywords = {Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Concussion, football, human, Humans, Injury and prevention, measurement, PHYSIOLOGY, Skill, team sport, videorecording, Videotape Recording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fuller, C W; Jones, R; Fuller, A D
Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas Journal Article
In: Injury Prevention, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 309–313, 2015.
@article{Fuller2015ab,
title = {Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas},
author = {Fuller, C W and Jones, R and Fuller, A D},
doi = {10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041587},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Injury Prevention},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {309--313},
abstract = {Objectives To identify the circumstances in which international rugby players exit the playing area during match activities and to define a safe run-off distance around the playing area. Method An observational study using video recordings of 102 matches associated with the Rugby World Cup (2011), Rugby Championship (2013, 2014) and Six Nations Championship (2013, 2014) were used to analyse every event in which one or more players exited the playing area during normal match activities. The circumstances in which a player exited the playing area were categorised using a range of parameters: playing position, location, out-of-play region, match activity, distance travelled over the touchline, contacts made with pitchside fixtures and fittings. Results Ninety-five per cent of player-excursions took place within 5.2 m of the touchline. Players exiting the playing area were nearly three times more likely to be a back than a forward (p\<0.001) and the event was more likely to take place when a team was defending than attacking (p\<0.001). Being forced out of play during a contact event (70%) was the major reason for players exiting the playing area. Most players (88%) exiting the playing area only made contact with the perimeter area surface; a small proportion of players contacted touchline flags (6.1%), advertising boards (2.3%) and TV cameras/equipment (1.0%). Conclusions A minimum hazard-free distance of 5 m around a Rugby pitch is proposed based on the 95% percentile frequency distribution of player-excursion events into the areas contiguous with the playing area. © 2015 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gardner, A J; Iverson, G L; Quinn, T N; Makdissi, M; Levi, C R; Shultz, S R; Wright, D K; Stanwell, P
A preliminary video analysis of concussion in the National Rugby League Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 1182–1185, 2015.
@article{Gardner2015b,
title = {A preliminary video analysis of concussion in the National Rugby League},
author = {Gardner, A J and Iverson, G L and Quinn, T N and Makdissi, M and Levi, C R and Shultz, S R and Wright, D K and Stanwell, P},
doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1034179},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
number = {10},
pages = {1182--1185},
abstract = {Primary objective: To conduct the first video analysis of concussion in the Australian National Rugby League (NRL) and describe player and injury characteristics, situational factors and time to return to play.Research design: Descriptive, observational case series.Methods and procedures: Video analysis of 20 medically diagnosed concussions for three consenting clubs during the 2013 NRL season.Main outcome and results: Most concussions (83%) occurred during a high tackle, and all injured ball carriers were hit high. Loss of consciousness was observed in 30% of cases. Common observable signs of injury included clutching of the head, balance problems or wobbly legs and a blank or vacant state. There were no post-concussive seizures. All players with loss of consciousness were removed from play. However, only half of the total sample was removed from play and one athlete who was removed returned to play in the same match. Of the players who were removed from play, the large majority returned the following week. Illegal play accounted for 25% of all concussions.Conclusions: Video analysis may be a useful method to study the incidence, mechanism and management of concussion in sports such as Rugby League. Future studies may include larger numbers to validate this preliminary data and may also investigate other levels of play and age ranges. © 2015 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hendricks, S; O’Connor, S; Lambert, M; Brown, J; Burger, N; Fie, S M; Readhead, C; Viljoen, W
Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament Journal Article
In: European Journal of Sport Science, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 557–564, 2015.
@article{Hendricks2015,
title = {Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament},
author = {Hendricks, S and O’Connor, S and Lambert, M and Brown, J and Burger, N and Fie, S M and Readhead, C and Viljoen, W},
doi = {10.1080/17461391.2015.1046192},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {European Journal of Sport Science},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {557--564},
abstract = {In rugby union, understanding the techniques and events leading to concussions is important because of the nature of the injury and the severity and potential long-term consequences, particularly in junior players. Proper contact technique is a prerequisite for successful participation in rugby and is a major factor associated with injury. However, the execution of proper contact technique and its relationship to injury has yet to be studied in matches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare contact techniques leading to concussion with a representative sample of similarly matched non-injury (NI) contact events. Injury surveillance was conducted at the 2011-2013 under-18 Craven Week Rugby tournaments. Video footage of 10 concussive events (5 tackle, 4 ruck and 1 aerial collision) and 83 NI events were identified (19 tackle, 61 ruck and 3 aerial collisions). Thereafter, each phase of play was analysed using standardised technical proficiency criteria. Overall score for ruck proficiency in concussive events was 5.67 (out of a total of 15) vs. 6.98 for NI events (n = 54) (effect size = 0.52, small). Overall average score for tackler proficiency was 7.25 (n = 4) and 6.67 (n = 15) for injury and NI tackles, respectively (out of 16) (effect size = 0.19, trivial). This is the first study to compare concussion injury contact technique to a player-matched sample of NI contact techniques. Certain individual technical criteria had an effect towards an NI outcome, and others had an effect towards a concussive event, highlighting that failure to execute certain techniques may substantially increase the opportunity for concussion. © 2015 European College of Sport Science.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Fuller, C W; Jones, R; Fuller, A D
Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas Journal Article
In: Injury Prevention, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 309–313, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Accident prevention, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Competitive Behavior, Environment Design, environmental planning, exercise, football, human, Humans, Incidence, Male, Physical Conditioning, physical education, Physical Education and Training, procedures, risk factor, Risk Factors, Sprains and Strains, VIDEO recording, videorecording
@article{Fuller2015ab,
title = {Defining a safe player run-off zone around rugby union playing areas},
author = {Fuller, C W and Jones, R and Fuller, A D},
doi = {10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041587},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Injury Prevention},
volume = {21},
number = {5},
pages = {309--313},
abstract = {Objectives To identify the circumstances in which international rugby players exit the playing area during match activities and to define a safe run-off distance around the playing area. Method An observational study using video recordings of 102 matches associated with the Rugby World Cup (2011), Rugby Championship (2013, 2014) and Six Nations Championship (2013, 2014) were used to analyse every event in which one or more players exited the playing area during normal match activities. The circumstances in which a player exited the playing area were categorised using a range of parameters: playing position, location, out-of-play region, match activity, distance travelled over the touchline, contacts made with pitchside fixtures and fittings. Results Ninety-five per cent of player-excursions took place within 5.2 m of the touchline. Players exiting the playing area were nearly three times more likely to be a back than a forward (p\<0.001) and the event was more likely to take place when a team was defending than attacking (p\<0.001). Being forced out of play during a contact event (70%) was the major reason for players exiting the playing area. Most players (88%) exiting the playing area only made contact with the perimeter area surface; a small proportion of players contacted touchline flags (6.1%), advertising boards (2.3%) and TV cameras/equipment (1.0%). Conclusions A minimum hazard-free distance of 5 m around a Rugby pitch is proposed based on the 95% percentile frequency distribution of player-excursion events into the areas contiguous with the playing area. © 2015 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Accident prevention, Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Competitive Behavior, Environment Design, environmental planning, exercise, football, human, Humans, Incidence, Male, Physical Conditioning, physical education, Physical Education and Training, procedures, risk factor, Risk Factors, Sprains and Strains, VIDEO recording, videorecording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gardner, A J; Iverson, G L; Quinn, T N; Makdissi, M; Levi, C R; Shultz, S R; Wright, D K; Stanwell, P
A preliminary video analysis of concussion in the National Rugby League Journal Article
In: Brain Injury, vol. 29, no. 10, pp. 1182–1185, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Article, athlete, Athletes, brain concussion, case study, clinical article, Concussion, descriptive research, EPIDEMIOLOGY, human, Incidence, Injury surveillance, observational study, rugby, sport injury, unconsciousness, videorecording
@article{Gardner2015b,
title = {A preliminary video analysis of concussion in the National Rugby League},
author = {Gardner, A J and Iverson, G L and Quinn, T N and Makdissi, M and Levi, C R and Shultz, S R and Wright, D K and Stanwell, P},
doi = {10.3109/02699052.2015.1034179},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Brain Injury},
volume = {29},
number = {10},
pages = {1182--1185},
abstract = {Primary objective: To conduct the first video analysis of concussion in the Australian National Rugby League (NRL) and describe player and injury characteristics, situational factors and time to return to play.Research design: Descriptive, observational case series.Methods and procedures: Video analysis of 20 medically diagnosed concussions for three consenting clubs during the 2013 NRL season.Main outcome and results: Most concussions (83%) occurred during a high tackle, and all injured ball carriers were hit high. Loss of consciousness was observed in 30% of cases. Common observable signs of injury included clutching of the head, balance problems or wobbly legs and a blank or vacant state. There were no post-concussive seizures. All players with loss of consciousness were removed from play. However, only half of the total sample was removed from play and one athlete who was removed returned to play in the same match. Of the players who were removed from play, the large majority returned the following week. Illegal play accounted for 25% of all concussions.Conclusions: Video analysis may be a useful method to study the incidence, mechanism and management of concussion in sports such as Rugby League. Future studies may include larger numbers to validate this preliminary data and may also investigate other levels of play and age ranges. © 2015 Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.},
keywords = {Article, athlete, Athletes, brain concussion, case study, clinical article, Concussion, descriptive research, EPIDEMIOLOGY, human, Incidence, Injury surveillance, observational study, rugby, sport injury, unconsciousness, videorecording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Hendricks, S; O’Connor, S; Lambert, M; Brown, J; Burger, N; Fie, S M; Readhead, C; Viljoen, W
Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament Journal Article
In: European Journal of Sport Science, vol. 15, no. 6, pp. 557–564, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Concussion, football, human, Humans, Injury and prevention, measurement, PHYSIOLOGY, Skill, team sport, videorecording, Videotape Recording
@article{Hendricks2015,
title = {Contact technique and concussions in the South African under-18 Coca-Cola craven week rugby tournament},
author = {Hendricks, S and O’Connor, S and Lambert, M and Brown, J and Burger, N and Fie, S M and Readhead, C and Viljoen, W},
doi = {10.1080/17461391.2015.1046192},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {European Journal of Sport Science},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {557--564},
abstract = {In rugby union, understanding the techniques and events leading to concussions is important because of the nature of the injury and the severity and potential long-term consequences, particularly in junior players. Proper contact technique is a prerequisite for successful participation in rugby and is a major factor associated with injury. However, the execution of proper contact technique and its relationship to injury has yet to be studied in matches. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare contact techniques leading to concussion with a representative sample of similarly matched non-injury (NI) contact events. Injury surveillance was conducted at the 2011-2013 under-18 Craven Week Rugby tournaments. Video footage of 10 concussive events (5 tackle, 4 ruck and 1 aerial collision) and 83 NI events were identified (19 tackle, 61 ruck and 3 aerial collisions). Thereafter, each phase of play was analysed using standardised technical proficiency criteria. Overall score for ruck proficiency in concussive events was 5.67 (out of a total of 15) vs. 6.98 for NI events (n = 54) (effect size = 0.52, small). Overall average score for tackler proficiency was 7.25 (n = 4) and 6.67 (n = 15) for injury and NI tackles, respectively (out of 16) (effect size = 0.19, trivial). This is the first study to compare concussion injury contact technique to a player-matched sample of NI contact techniques. Certain individual technical criteria had an effect towards an NI outcome, and others had an effect towards a concussive event, highlighting that failure to execute certain techniques may substantially increase the opportunity for concussion. © 2015 European College of Sport Science.},
keywords = {Athletic Injuries, brain concussion, Concussion, football, human, Humans, Injury and prevention, measurement, PHYSIOLOGY, Skill, team sport, videorecording, Videotape Recording},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}