Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {*Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keishiro, Narimatsu; Tomotaka, Takeda; Kazunori, Nakajima; Michiyo, Konno; Takamitsu, Ozawa; Keiichi, Ishigami
Effect of clenching with a mouthguard on head acceleration during heading of a soccer ball Journal Article
In: General Dentistry, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 41–47, 2015, ISBN: 0363-6771.
BibTeX | Tags: ACCELERATION (Physiology), ADOLESCENCE, Athletes, Brain Concussion -- Prevention and Control, Continuing (Credit), Data Analysis Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Education, Head, High School -- United States, human, Male, Masseter Muscle -- Physiology, Mouthguards -- Utilization, muscle contraction, P-Value, Paired T-Tests, Soccer, Sternocleidomastoid Muscles -- Physiology, UNITED States, Waveforms
@article{Keishiro2015,
title = {Effect of clenching with a mouthguard on head acceleration during heading of a soccer ball},
author = {Keishiro, Narimatsu and Tomotaka, Takeda and Kazunori, Nakajima and Michiyo, Konno and Takamitsu, Ozawa and Keiichi, Ishigami},
isbn = {0363-6771},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {General Dentistry},
volume = {63},
number = {6},
pages = {41--47},
publisher = {Academy of General Dentistry},
address = {Chicago, Illinois},
keywords = {ACCELERATION (Physiology), ADOLESCENCE, Athletes, Brain Concussion -- Prevention and Control, Continuing (Credit), Data Analysis Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Education, Head, High School -- United States, human, Male, Masseter Muscle -- Physiology, Mouthguards -- Utilization, muscle contraction, P-Value, Paired T-Tests, Soccer, Sternocleidomastoid Muscles -- Physiology, UNITED States, Waveforms},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nauman, E A; Breedlove, K M; Breedlove, E L; Talavage, T M; Robinson, M E; Leverenz, L J
Post-Season Neurophysiological Deficits Assessed by ImPACT and fMRI in Athletes Competing in American Football Journal Article
In: Developmental Neuropsychology, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 85–91, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletes, *Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], *Football/in [Injuries], *MAGNETIC resonance imaging, Adolescent, Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], Head, Humans, Male, Neurophysiology, Neuropsychological Tests, Schools, Seasons, Surveys and Questionnaires, UNITED States, Young Adult
@article{Nauman2015,
title = {Post-Season Neurophysiological Deficits Assessed by ImPACT and fMRI in Athletes Competing in American Football},
author = {Nauman, E A and Breedlove, K M and Breedlove, E L and Talavage, T M and Robinson, M E and Leverenz, L J},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Developmental Neuropsychology},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {85--91},
abstract = {Neurocognitive assessment, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and head impact monitoring were used to evaluate neurological changes in high school football players throughout competitive seasons. A substantial number of asymptomatic athletes exhibited neurophysiological changes that persisted post-season, with abnormal measures significantly more common in athletes receiving 50 or more hits per week during the season.},
keywords = {*Athletes, *Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], *Football/in [Injuries], *MAGNETIC resonance imaging, Adolescent, Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], Head, Humans, Male, Neurophysiology, Neuropsychological Tests, Schools, Seasons, Surveys and Questionnaires, UNITED States, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Stone Jr., M E; Safadjou, S; Farber, B; Velazco, N; Man, J; Reddy, S H; Todor, R; Teperman, S
Utility of the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation as a screening tool for mild traumatic brain injury in a civilian trauma population Journal Article
In: Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 147–151, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, aged, Alcoholic Intoxication, amnesia, Article, assessment of humans, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical assessment tool, computer assisted tomography, Concussion screening, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), controlled study, DATA analysis, Demography, diagnostic test accuracy study, Dizziness, emergency health service, Female, Head, headache, hospital admission, human, Humans, injury severity, irritability, major clinical study, Male, middle aged, mild traumatic brain injury, Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, military medicine, nausea and vomiting, predictive value, priority journal, quality control, receiver operating characteristic, ROC Curve, screening test, Sensitivity and Specificity, traumatic brain injury, unconsciousness, Urban Population, visual disorder, Young Adult
@article{StoneJr.2015,
title = {Utility of the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation as a screening tool for mild traumatic brain injury in a civilian trauma population},
author = {{Stone Jr.}, M E and Safadjou, S and Farber, B and Velazco, N and Man, J and Reddy, S H and Todor, R and Teperman, S},
doi = {10.1097/TA.0000000000000679},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery},
volume = {79},
number = {1},
pages = {147--151},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) constitutes 75% of more than 1.5 million traumatic brain injuries annually. There exists no consensus on point-of-care screening for mTBI. The Military Acute Concussion Evaluation (MACE) is a quick and easy test used by the US Army to screen for mTBI; however, its utility in civilian trauma is unclear. It has two parts: a history section and the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) score (0-30) previously validated in sports injury. As a performance improvement project, our institution sought to evaluate the MACE as a concussion screening tool that could be used by housestaff in a general civilian trauma population. METHODS: From June 2013 to May 2014, patients 18 years to 65 years old with suspected concussion were given the MACE within 72 hours of admission to our urban Level I trauma center. Patients with a positive head computed tomography were excluded. Demographic data and MACE scores were recorded in prospect. Concussion was defined as loss of consciousness and/or posttraumatic amnesia; concussed patients were compared with those nonconcussed. Sensitivity and specificity for each respective MACE score were used to plot a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. An ROC curve area of 0.8 was set as the benchmark for a good screening test to distinguish concussion from nonconcussion. RESULTS: There were 84 concussions and 30 nonconcussed patients. Both groups were similar; however, the concussion group had a lower mean MACE score than the nonconcussed patients. Data analysis demonstrated the sensitivity and specificity of a range of MACE scores used to generate an ROC curve area of only 0.65. CONCLUSION: The MACE showed a lower mean score for individuals with concussion, defined by loss of consciousness and/or posttraumatic amnesia. However, the ROC curve area of 0.65 highly suggests that MACE alone would be a poor screening test for mTBI in a general civilian trauma population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, level II. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, aged, Alcoholic Intoxication, amnesia, Article, assessment of humans, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical assessment tool, computer assisted tomography, Concussion screening, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), controlled study, DATA analysis, Demography, diagnostic test accuracy study, Dizziness, emergency health service, Female, Head, headache, hospital admission, human, Humans, injury severity, irritability, major clinical study, Male, middle aged, mild traumatic brain injury, Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, military medicine, nausea and vomiting, predictive value, priority journal, quality control, receiver operating characteristic, ROC Curve, screening test, Sensitivity and Specificity, traumatic brain injury, unconsciousness, Urban Population, visual disorder, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Chun, I Y; Mao, X; Breedlove, E L; Leverenz, L J; Nauman, E A; Talavage, T M
DTI Detection of Longitudinal WM Abnormalities Due to Accumulated Head Impacts Journal Article
In: Developmental Neuropsychology, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 92–97, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/pa [Pathology], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pp [Physiopathology], *Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/mt [Methods], *Football/in [Injuries], *White Matter/ab [Abnormalities], *White Matter/pp [Physiopathology], Adolescent, Athletes, Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Brain/pp [Physiopathology], Brain/ra [Radiography], Craniocerebral Trauma/di [Diagnosis], Head, Humans, Schools, Time Factors, White Matter/pa [Pathology]
@article{Chun2015,
title = {DTI Detection of Longitudinal WM Abnormalities Due to Accumulated Head Impacts},
author = {Chun, I Y and Mao, X and Breedlove, E L and Leverenz, L J and Nauman, E A and Talavage, T M},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Developmental Neuropsychology},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {92--97},
abstract = {Longitudinal evaluation using diffusion-weighted imaging and collision event monitoring was performed on high school athletes who participate in American football. Observed changes in white matter health were suggestive of injury and found to be correlated with accumulation of head collision events during practices and games.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/pa [Pathology], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pp [Physiopathology], *Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/mt [Methods], *Football/in [Injuries], *White Matter/ab [Abnormalities], *White Matter/pp [Physiopathology], Adolescent, Athletes, Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Brain/pp [Physiopathology], Brain/ra [Radiography], Craniocerebral Trauma/di [Diagnosis], Head, Humans, Schools, Time Factors, White Matter/pa [Pathology]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McLean, A J
Brain injury without head impact? Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 621–625, 1995.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], Acceleration, Accidents, autopsy, Brain Injuries/mo [Mortality], cause of death, Head, Humans, Mechanical, Nonpenetrating, Stress, Traffic, Wounds
@article{McLean1995,
title = {Brain injury without head impact?},
author = {McLean, A J},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {621--625},
abstract = {The proposition that acceleration of the brain without direct impact to the head can result in brain injury is examined by reviewing a series of 414 road users who were fatally injured in the vicinity of Adelaide, South Australia. The series comprises 170 pedestrians, 10 pedal cyclists, 143 motorcyclists, and 91 vehicle occupants. In each case a member of the research team attended the autopsy to look for evidence of impact on the body, particularly to the head or face. The brain was examined by a neuropathologist and the type and pattern of injury was recorded. The circumstances of the crash were investigated, including an examination of the crash site and the vehicles involved and, where relevant, interviews with witnesses. In cases involving a motorcyclist the helmet worn was retrieved by the police and assigned to the research unit for examination. Particular attention was paid to the identification of objects causing injury to the head or face and also to objects impacted by a helmet. Brain injury was recorded as a cause of death in 55% of the 403 cases for which there was a clear classification of cause of death. Brain injury, at any level of severity, was identified by a neuropathologist in 86 percent of the 414 fatally injured road users in the sample, including 24 cases that were examined microscopically. There were no cases in which there was an injury to the brain in the absence of evidence of an impact to the head.},
keywords = {*Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], Acceleration, Accidents, autopsy, Brain Injuries/mo [Mortality], cause of death, Head, Humans, Mechanical, Nonpenetrating, Stress, Traffic, Wounds},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keishiro, Narimatsu; Tomotaka, Takeda; Kazunori, Nakajima; Michiyo, Konno; Takamitsu, Ozawa; Keiichi, Ishigami
Effect of clenching with a mouthguard on head acceleration during heading of a soccer ball Journal Article
In: General Dentistry, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 41–47, 2015, ISBN: 0363-6771.
@article{Keishiro2015,
title = {Effect of clenching with a mouthguard on head acceleration during heading of a soccer ball},
author = {Keishiro, Narimatsu and Tomotaka, Takeda and Kazunori, Nakajima and Michiyo, Konno and Takamitsu, Ozawa and Keiichi, Ishigami},
isbn = {0363-6771},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {General Dentistry},
volume = {63},
number = {6},
pages = {41--47},
publisher = {Academy of General Dentistry},
address = {Chicago, Illinois},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nauman, E A; Breedlove, K M; Breedlove, E L; Talavage, T M; Robinson, M E; Leverenz, L J
Post-Season Neurophysiological Deficits Assessed by ImPACT and fMRI in Athletes Competing in American Football Journal Article
In: Developmental Neuropsychology, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 85–91, 2015.
@article{Nauman2015,
title = {Post-Season Neurophysiological Deficits Assessed by ImPACT and fMRI in Athletes Competing in American Football},
author = {Nauman, E A and Breedlove, K M and Breedlove, E L and Talavage, T M and Robinson, M E and Leverenz, L J},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Developmental Neuropsychology},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {85--91},
abstract = {Neurocognitive assessment, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and head impact monitoring were used to evaluate neurological changes in high school football players throughout competitive seasons. A substantial number of asymptomatic athletes exhibited neurophysiological changes that persisted post-season, with abnormal measures significantly more common in athletes receiving 50 or more hits per week during the season.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Stone Jr., M E; Safadjou, S; Farber, B; Velazco, N; Man, J; Reddy, S H; Todor, R; Teperman, S
Utility of the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation as a screening tool for mild traumatic brain injury in a civilian trauma population Journal Article
In: Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 147–151, 2015.
@article{StoneJr.2015,
title = {Utility of the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation as a screening tool for mild traumatic brain injury in a civilian trauma population},
author = {{Stone Jr.}, M E and Safadjou, S and Farber, B and Velazco, N and Man, J and Reddy, S H and Todor, R and Teperman, S},
doi = {10.1097/TA.0000000000000679},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery},
volume = {79},
number = {1},
pages = {147--151},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) constitutes 75% of more than 1.5 million traumatic brain injuries annually. There exists no consensus on point-of-care screening for mTBI. The Military Acute Concussion Evaluation (MACE) is a quick and easy test used by the US Army to screen for mTBI; however, its utility in civilian trauma is unclear. It has two parts: a history section and the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) score (0-30) previously validated in sports injury. As a performance improvement project, our institution sought to evaluate the MACE as a concussion screening tool that could be used by housestaff in a general civilian trauma population. METHODS: From June 2013 to May 2014, patients 18 years to 65 years old with suspected concussion were given the MACE within 72 hours of admission to our urban Level I trauma center. Patients with a positive head computed tomography were excluded. Demographic data and MACE scores were recorded in prospect. Concussion was defined as loss of consciousness and/or posttraumatic amnesia; concussed patients were compared with those nonconcussed. Sensitivity and specificity for each respective MACE score were used to plot a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. An ROC curve area of 0.8 was set as the benchmark for a good screening test to distinguish concussion from nonconcussion. RESULTS: There were 84 concussions and 30 nonconcussed patients. Both groups were similar; however, the concussion group had a lower mean MACE score than the nonconcussed patients. Data analysis demonstrated the sensitivity and specificity of a range of MACE scores used to generate an ROC curve area of only 0.65. CONCLUSION: The MACE showed a lower mean score for individuals with concussion, defined by loss of consciousness and/or posttraumatic amnesia. However, the ROC curve area of 0.65 highly suggests that MACE alone would be a poor screening test for mTBI in a general civilian trauma population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, level II. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Chun, I Y; Mao, X; Breedlove, E L; Leverenz, L J; Nauman, E A; Talavage, T M
DTI Detection of Longitudinal WM Abnormalities Due to Accumulated Head Impacts Journal Article
In: Developmental Neuropsychology, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 92–97, 2015.
@article{Chun2015,
title = {DTI Detection of Longitudinal WM Abnormalities Due to Accumulated Head Impacts},
author = {Chun, I Y and Mao, X and Breedlove, E L and Leverenz, L J and Nauman, E A and Talavage, T M},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Developmental Neuropsychology},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {92--97},
abstract = {Longitudinal evaluation using diffusion-weighted imaging and collision event monitoring was performed on high school athletes who participate in American football. Observed changes in white matter health were suggestive of injury and found to be correlated with accumulation of head collision events during practices and games.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McLean, A J
Brain injury without head impact? Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 621–625, 1995.
@article{McLean1995,
title = {Brain injury without head impact?},
author = {McLean, A J},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {621--625},
abstract = {The proposition that acceleration of the brain without direct impact to the head can result in brain injury is examined by reviewing a series of 414 road users who were fatally injured in the vicinity of Adelaide, South Australia. The series comprises 170 pedestrians, 10 pedal cyclists, 143 motorcyclists, and 91 vehicle occupants. In each case a member of the research team attended the autopsy to look for evidence of impact on the body, particularly to the head or face. The brain was examined by a neuropathologist and the type and pattern of injury was recorded. The circumstances of the crash were investigated, including an examination of the crash site and the vehicles involved and, where relevant, interviews with witnesses. In cases involving a motorcyclist the helmet worn was retrieved by the police and assigned to the research unit for examination. Particular attention was paid to the identification of objects causing injury to the head or face and also to objects impacted by a helmet. Brain injury was recorded as a cause of death in 55% of the 403 cases for which there was a clear classification of cause of death. Brain injury, at any level of severity, was identified by a neuropathologist in 86 percent of the 414 fatally injured road users in the sample, including 24 cases that were examined microscopically. There were no cases in which there was an injury to the brain in the absence of evidence of an impact to the head.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lockhart, P A; Cronin, D S
Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure Journal Article
In: Computer Methods in Biomechanics & Biomedical Engineering, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 635–645, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention & Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention & Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing
@article{Lockhart2015,
title = {Helmet liner evaluation to mitigate head response from primary blast exposure},
author = {Lockhart, P A and Cronin, D S},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Computer Methods in Biomechanics \& Biomedical Engineering},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {635--645},
abstract = {Head injury resulting from blast loading, including mild traumatic brain injury, has been identified as an important blast-related injury in modern conflict zones. A study was undertaken to investigate potential protective ballistic helmet liner materials to mitigate primary blast injury using a detailed sagittal plane head finite element model, developed and validated against previous studies of head kinematics resulting from blast exposure. Five measures reflecting the potential for brain injury that were investigated included intracranial pressure, brain tissue strain, head acceleration (linear and rotational) and the head injury criterion. In simulations, these measures provided consistent predictions for typical blast loading scenarios. Considering mitigation, various characteristics of foam material response were investigated and a factor analysis was performed which showed that the four most significant were the interaction effects between modulus and hysteretic response, stress-strain response, damping factor and density. Candidate materials were then identified using the predicted optimal material values. Polymeric foam was found to meet the density and modulus requirements; however, for all significant parameters, higher strength foams, such as aluminum foam, were found to provide the highest reduction in the potential for injury when compared against the unprotected head.},
keywords = {*Blast Injuries/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pc [Prevention \& Control], *Explosions, *Head Protective Devices, Acceleration, Aluminum/ch [Chemistry], Biomechanical Phenomena, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, Brain/ph [Physiology], Computer simulation, CPD4NFA903 (Aluminum), Equipment Design, Head, Humans, intracranial pressure, Male, Materials testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Keishiro, Narimatsu; Tomotaka, Takeda; Kazunori, Nakajima; Michiyo, Konno; Takamitsu, Ozawa; Keiichi, Ishigami
Effect of clenching with a mouthguard on head acceleration during heading of a soccer ball Journal Article
In: General Dentistry, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 41–47, 2015, ISBN: 0363-6771.
BibTeX | Tags: ACCELERATION (Physiology), ADOLESCENCE, Athletes, Brain Concussion -- Prevention and Control, Continuing (Credit), Data Analysis Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Education, Head, High School -- United States, human, Male, Masseter Muscle -- Physiology, Mouthguards -- Utilization, muscle contraction, P-Value, Paired T-Tests, Soccer, Sternocleidomastoid Muscles -- Physiology, UNITED States, Waveforms
@article{Keishiro2015,
title = {Effect of clenching with a mouthguard on head acceleration during heading of a soccer ball},
author = {Keishiro, Narimatsu and Tomotaka, Takeda and Kazunori, Nakajima and Michiyo, Konno and Takamitsu, Ozawa and Keiichi, Ishigami},
isbn = {0363-6771},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {General Dentistry},
volume = {63},
number = {6},
pages = {41--47},
publisher = {Academy of General Dentistry},
address = {Chicago, Illinois},
keywords = {ACCELERATION (Physiology), ADOLESCENCE, Athletes, Brain Concussion -- Prevention and Control, Continuing (Credit), Data Analysis Software, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, Education, Head, High School -- United States, human, Male, Masseter Muscle -- Physiology, Mouthguards -- Utilization, muscle contraction, P-Value, Paired T-Tests, Soccer, Sternocleidomastoid Muscles -- Physiology, UNITED States, Waveforms},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Nauman, E A; Breedlove, K M; Breedlove, E L; Talavage, T M; Robinson, M E; Leverenz, L J
Post-Season Neurophysiological Deficits Assessed by ImPACT and fMRI in Athletes Competing in American Football Journal Article
In: Developmental Neuropsychology, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 85–91, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletes, *Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], *Football/in [Injuries], *MAGNETIC resonance imaging, Adolescent, Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], Head, Humans, Male, Neurophysiology, Neuropsychological Tests, Schools, Seasons, Surveys and Questionnaires, UNITED States, Young Adult
@article{Nauman2015,
title = {Post-Season Neurophysiological Deficits Assessed by ImPACT and fMRI in Athletes Competing in American Football},
author = {Nauman, E A and Breedlove, K M and Breedlove, E L and Talavage, T M and Robinson, M E and Leverenz, L J},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Developmental Neuropsychology},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {85--91},
abstract = {Neurocognitive assessment, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and head impact monitoring were used to evaluate neurological changes in high school football players throughout competitive seasons. A substantial number of asymptomatic athletes exhibited neurophysiological changes that persisted post-season, with abnormal measures significantly more common in athletes receiving 50 or more hits per week during the season.},
keywords = {*Athletes, *Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], *Football/in [Injuries], *MAGNETIC resonance imaging, Adolescent, Brain Concussion/pa [Pathology], Head, Humans, Male, Neurophysiology, Neuropsychological Tests, Schools, Seasons, Surveys and Questionnaires, UNITED States, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Stone Jr., M E; Safadjou, S; Farber, B; Velazco, N; Man, J; Reddy, S H; Todor, R; Teperman, S
Utility of the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation as a screening tool for mild traumatic brain injury in a civilian trauma population Journal Article
In: Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, vol. 79, no. 1, pp. 147–151, 2015.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adolescent, adult, aged, Alcoholic Intoxication, amnesia, Article, assessment of humans, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical assessment tool, computer assisted tomography, Concussion screening, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), controlled study, DATA analysis, Demography, diagnostic test accuracy study, Dizziness, emergency health service, Female, Head, headache, hospital admission, human, Humans, injury severity, irritability, major clinical study, Male, middle aged, mild traumatic brain injury, Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, military medicine, nausea and vomiting, predictive value, priority journal, quality control, receiver operating characteristic, ROC Curve, screening test, Sensitivity and Specificity, traumatic brain injury, unconsciousness, Urban Population, visual disorder, Young Adult
@article{StoneJr.2015,
title = {Utility of the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation as a screening tool for mild traumatic brain injury in a civilian trauma population},
author = {{Stone Jr.}, M E and Safadjou, S and Farber, B and Velazco, N and Man, J and Reddy, S H and Todor, R and Teperman, S},
doi = {10.1097/TA.0000000000000679},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery},
volume = {79},
number = {1},
pages = {147--151},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) constitutes 75% of more than 1.5 million traumatic brain injuries annually. There exists no consensus on point-of-care screening for mTBI. The Military Acute Concussion Evaluation (MACE) is a quick and easy test used by the US Army to screen for mTBI; however, its utility in civilian trauma is unclear. It has two parts: a history section and the Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) score (0-30) previously validated in sports injury. As a performance improvement project, our institution sought to evaluate the MACE as a concussion screening tool that could be used by housestaff in a general civilian trauma population. METHODS: From June 2013 to May 2014, patients 18 years to 65 years old with suspected concussion were given the MACE within 72 hours of admission to our urban Level I trauma center. Patients with a positive head computed tomography were excluded. Demographic data and MACE scores were recorded in prospect. Concussion was defined as loss of consciousness and/or posttraumatic amnesia; concussed patients were compared with those nonconcussed. Sensitivity and specificity for each respective MACE score were used to plot a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. An ROC curve area of 0.8 was set as the benchmark for a good screening test to distinguish concussion from nonconcussion. RESULTS: There were 84 concussions and 30 nonconcussed patients. Both groups were similar; however, the concussion group had a lower mean MACE score than the nonconcussed patients. Data analysis demonstrated the sensitivity and specificity of a range of MACE scores used to generate an ROC curve area of only 0.65. CONCLUSION: The MACE showed a lower mean score for individuals with concussion, defined by loss of consciousness and/or posttraumatic amnesia. However, the ROC curve area of 0.65 highly suggests that MACE alone would be a poor screening test for mTBI in a general civilian trauma population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Diagnostic study, level II. Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.},
keywords = {Adolescent, adult, aged, Alcoholic Intoxication, amnesia, Article, assessment of humans, brain concussion, Brain Injuries, clinical assessment tool, computer assisted tomography, Concussion screening, Confounding Factors (Epidemiology), controlled study, DATA analysis, Demography, diagnostic test accuracy study, Dizziness, emergency health service, Female, Head, headache, hospital admission, human, Humans, injury severity, irritability, major clinical study, Male, middle aged, mild traumatic brain injury, Military Acute Concussion Evaluation, military medicine, nausea and vomiting, predictive value, priority journal, quality control, receiver operating characteristic, ROC Curve, screening test, Sensitivity and Specificity, traumatic brain injury, unconsciousness, Urban Population, visual disorder, Young Adult},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Chun, I Y; Mao, X; Breedlove, E L; Leverenz, L J; Nauman, E A; Talavage, T M
DTI Detection of Longitudinal WM Abnormalities Due to Accumulated Head Impacts Journal Article
In: Developmental Neuropsychology, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 92–97, 2015.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Athletic Injuries/pa [Pathology], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pp [Physiopathology], *Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/mt [Methods], *Football/in [Injuries], *White Matter/ab [Abnormalities], *White Matter/pp [Physiopathology], Adolescent, Athletes, Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Brain/pp [Physiopathology], Brain/ra [Radiography], Craniocerebral Trauma/di [Diagnosis], Head, Humans, Schools, Time Factors, White Matter/pa [Pathology]
@article{Chun2015,
title = {DTI Detection of Longitudinal WM Abnormalities Due to Accumulated Head Impacts},
author = {Chun, I Y and Mao, X and Breedlove, E L and Leverenz, L J and Nauman, E A and Talavage, T M},
year = {2015},
date = {2015-01-01},
journal = {Developmental Neuropsychology},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {92--97},
abstract = {Longitudinal evaluation using diffusion-weighted imaging and collision event monitoring was performed on high school athletes who participate in American football. Observed changes in white matter health were suggestive of injury and found to be correlated with accumulation of head collision events during practices and games.},
keywords = {*Athletic Injuries/pa [Pathology], *Craniocerebral Trauma/pp [Physiopathology], *Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging/mt [Methods], *Football/in [Injuries], *White Matter/ab [Abnormalities], *White Matter/pp [Physiopathology], Adolescent, Athletes, Brain Concussion/di [Diagnosis], Brain Concussion/pp [Physiopathology], Brain/pp [Physiopathology], Brain/ra [Radiography], Craniocerebral Trauma/di [Diagnosis], Head, Humans, Schools, Time Factors, White Matter/pa [Pathology]},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McLean, A J
Brain injury without head impact? Journal Article
In: Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 621–625, 1995.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: *Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], Acceleration, Accidents, autopsy, Brain Injuries/mo [Mortality], cause of death, Head, Humans, Mechanical, Nonpenetrating, Stress, Traffic, Wounds
@article{McLean1995,
title = {Brain injury without head impact?},
author = {McLean, A J},
year = {1995},
date = {1995-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Neurotrauma},
volume = {12},
number = {4},
pages = {621--625},
abstract = {The proposition that acceleration of the brain without direct impact to the head can result in brain injury is examined by reviewing a series of 414 road users who were fatally injured in the vicinity of Adelaide, South Australia. The series comprises 170 pedestrians, 10 pedal cyclists, 143 motorcyclists, and 91 vehicle occupants. In each case a member of the research team attended the autopsy to look for evidence of impact on the body, particularly to the head or face. The brain was examined by a neuropathologist and the type and pattern of injury was recorded. The circumstances of the crash were investigated, including an examination of the crash site and the vehicles involved and, where relevant, interviews with witnesses. In cases involving a motorcyclist the helmet worn was retrieved by the police and assigned to the research unit for examination. Particular attention was paid to the identification of objects causing injury to the head or face and also to objects impacted by a helmet. Brain injury was recorded as a cause of death in 55% of the 403 cases for which there was a clear classification of cause of death. Brain injury, at any level of severity, was identified by a neuropathologist in 86 percent of the 414 fatally injured road users in the sample, including 24 cases that were examined microscopically. There were no cases in which there was an injury to the brain in the absence of evidence of an impact to the head.},
keywords = {*Brain Injuries/et [Etiology], Acceleration, Accidents, autopsy, Brain Injuries/mo [Mortality], cause of death, Head, Humans, Mechanical, Nonpenetrating, Stress, Traffic, Wounds},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}