Maxwell, J P; Visek, A J
Unsanctioned aggression in rugby union: relationships among aggressiveness, anger, athletic identity, and professionalization Journal Article
In: Aggressive Behavior, vol. 35, pp. 237–243, 2009.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Rugby, Sport Psychology
@article{Maxwell2009a,
title = {Unsanctioned aggression in rugby union: relationships among aggressiveness, anger, athletic identity, and professionalization},
author = {Maxwell, J P and Visek, A J},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Aggressive Behavior},
volume = {35},
pages = {237--243},
address = {Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.},
abstract = {Aggressive players who intentionally cause injury to their opponents are common in many sports, particularly collision sports such as Rugby Union. Although some acts of aggression fall within the rules (sanctioned), others do not (unsanctioned), with the latter tending to be less acceptable than the former. This study attempts to identify characteristics of players who are more likely to employ unsanctioned methods in order to injure an opponent. Male Rugby Union players completed questionnaires assessing aggressiveness, anger, past aggression, professionalization, and athletic identity. Players were assigned to one of two groups based on self-reported past unsanctioned aggression. Results indicated that demographic variables (e.g., age, playing position, or level of play) were not predictive of group membership. Measures of aggressiveness and professionalization were significant predictors; high scores on both indicated a greater probability of reporting the use of unsanctioned aggressive force for the sole purpose of causing injury or pain. In addition, players who had been taught how to execute aggressive illegal plays without detection were also more likely to report using excessive force to injure an opponent. Results provide further support that highly professionalized players may be more likely to use methods outside the constitutive rules of Rugby Union in order to intentionally injure their opponents. Results are discussed within the context of the increasing win-at-all-cost attitude that is becoming more prevalent in sport and its implications for youth athletes.},
keywords = {Aggression Rugby, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jones, Marc V; Bray, Steven R; Olivier, Stephen
Game location and aggression in rugby league Journal Article
In: Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 23, pp. 387–393, 2005.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Rugby, Sport Psychology
@article{Jones2005,
title = {Game location and aggression in rugby league},
author = {Jones, Marc V and Bray, Steven R and Olivier, Stephen},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sports Sciences},
volume = {23},
pages = {387--393},
address = {Sport, Health and Exercise, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. marc.jones@staffs.ac.uk},
abstract = {The present study examined the relationship between aggression and game location in rugby league. We videotaped a random sample of 21 professional rugby league games played in the 2000 Super League season. Trained observers recorded the frequency of aggressive behaviours. Consistent with previous research, which used territoriality theories as a basis for prediction, we hypothesized that the home team would behave more aggressively than the away team. The results showed no significant difference in the frequency of aggressive behaviours exhibited by the home and away teams. However, the away teams engaged in substantially more aggressive behaviours in games they lost compared with games they won. No significant differences in the pattern of aggressive behaviours for home and away teams emerged as a function of game time (i.e. first or second half) or game situation (i.e. when teams were winning, losing or drawing). The findings suggest that while home and away teams do not display different levels of aggression, the cost of behaving aggressively (in terms of game outcome) may be greater for the away team.},
keywords = {Aggression Rugby, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maxwell, J P; Visek, A J
Unsanctioned aggression in rugby union: relationships among aggressiveness, anger, athletic identity, and professionalization Journal Article
In: Aggressive Behavior, vol. 35, pp. 237–243, 2009.
@article{Maxwell2009a,
title = {Unsanctioned aggression in rugby union: relationships among aggressiveness, anger, athletic identity, and professionalization},
author = {Maxwell, J P and Visek, A J},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Aggressive Behavior},
volume = {35},
pages = {237--243},
address = {Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.},
abstract = {Aggressive players who intentionally cause injury to their opponents are common in many sports, particularly collision sports such as Rugby Union. Although some acts of aggression fall within the rules (sanctioned), others do not (unsanctioned), with the latter tending to be less acceptable than the former. This study attempts to identify characteristics of players who are more likely to employ unsanctioned methods in order to injure an opponent. Male Rugby Union players completed questionnaires assessing aggressiveness, anger, past aggression, professionalization, and athletic identity. Players were assigned to one of two groups based on self-reported past unsanctioned aggression. Results indicated that demographic variables (e.g., age, playing position, or level of play) were not predictive of group membership. Measures of aggressiveness and professionalization were significant predictors; high scores on both indicated a greater probability of reporting the use of unsanctioned aggressive force for the sole purpose of causing injury or pain. In addition, players who had been taught how to execute aggressive illegal plays without detection were also more likely to report using excessive force to injure an opponent. Results provide further support that highly professionalized players may be more likely to use methods outside the constitutive rules of Rugby Union in order to intentionally injure their opponents. Results are discussed within the context of the increasing win-at-all-cost attitude that is becoming more prevalent in sport and its implications for youth athletes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jones, Marc V; Bray, Steven R; Olivier, Stephen
Game location and aggression in rugby league Journal Article
In: Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 23, pp. 387–393, 2005.
@article{Jones2005,
title = {Game location and aggression in rugby league},
author = {Jones, Marc V and Bray, Steven R and Olivier, Stephen},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sports Sciences},
volume = {23},
pages = {387--393},
address = {Sport, Health and Exercise, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. marc.jones@staffs.ac.uk},
abstract = {The present study examined the relationship between aggression and game location in rugby league. We videotaped a random sample of 21 professional rugby league games played in the 2000 Super League season. Trained observers recorded the frequency of aggressive behaviours. Consistent with previous research, which used territoriality theories as a basis for prediction, we hypothesized that the home team would behave more aggressively than the away team. The results showed no significant difference in the frequency of aggressive behaviours exhibited by the home and away teams. However, the away teams engaged in substantially more aggressive behaviours in games they lost compared with games they won. No significant differences in the pattern of aggressive behaviours for home and away teams emerged as a function of game time (i.e. first or second half) or game situation (i.e. when teams were winning, losing or drawing). The findings suggest that while home and away teams do not display different levels of aggression, the cost of behaving aggressively (in terms of game outcome) may be greater for the away team.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maxwell, J P; Visek, A J
Unsanctioned aggression in rugby union: relationships among aggressiveness, anger, athletic identity, and professionalization Journal Article
In: Aggressive Behavior, vol. 35, pp. 237–243, 2009.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Rugby, Sport Psychology
@article{Maxwell2009a,
title = {Unsanctioned aggression in rugby union: relationships among aggressiveness, anger, athletic identity, and professionalization},
author = {Maxwell, J P and Visek, A J},
year = {2009},
date = {2009-01-01},
journal = {Aggressive Behavior},
volume = {35},
pages = {237--243},
address = {Institute of Human Performance, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.},
abstract = {Aggressive players who intentionally cause injury to their opponents are common in many sports, particularly collision sports such as Rugby Union. Although some acts of aggression fall within the rules (sanctioned), others do not (unsanctioned), with the latter tending to be less acceptable than the former. This study attempts to identify characteristics of players who are more likely to employ unsanctioned methods in order to injure an opponent. Male Rugby Union players completed questionnaires assessing aggressiveness, anger, past aggression, professionalization, and athletic identity. Players were assigned to one of two groups based on self-reported past unsanctioned aggression. Results indicated that demographic variables (e.g., age, playing position, or level of play) were not predictive of group membership. Measures of aggressiveness and professionalization were significant predictors; high scores on both indicated a greater probability of reporting the use of unsanctioned aggressive force for the sole purpose of causing injury or pain. In addition, players who had been taught how to execute aggressive illegal plays without detection were also more likely to report using excessive force to injure an opponent. Results provide further support that highly professionalized players may be more likely to use methods outside the constitutive rules of Rugby Union in order to intentionally injure their opponents. Results are discussed within the context of the increasing win-at-all-cost attitude that is becoming more prevalent in sport and its implications for youth athletes.},
keywords = {Aggression Rugby, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jones, Marc V; Bray, Steven R; Olivier, Stephen
Game location and aggression in rugby league Journal Article
In: Journal of Sports Sciences, vol. 23, pp. 387–393, 2005.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: Aggression Rugby, Sport Psychology
@article{Jones2005,
title = {Game location and aggression in rugby league},
author = {Jones, Marc V and Bray, Steven R and Olivier, Stephen},
year = {2005},
date = {2005-01-01},
journal = {Journal of Sports Sciences},
volume = {23},
pages = {387--393},
address = {Sport, Health and Exercise, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. marc.jones@staffs.ac.uk},
abstract = {The present study examined the relationship between aggression and game location in rugby league. We videotaped a random sample of 21 professional rugby league games played in the 2000 Super League season. Trained observers recorded the frequency of aggressive behaviours. Consistent with previous research, which used territoriality theories as a basis for prediction, we hypothesized that the home team would behave more aggressively than the away team. The results showed no significant difference in the frequency of aggressive behaviours exhibited by the home and away teams. However, the away teams engaged in substantially more aggressive behaviours in games they lost compared with games they won. No significant differences in the pattern of aggressive behaviours for home and away teams emerged as a function of game time (i.e. first or second half) or game situation (i.e. when teams were winning, losing or drawing). The findings suggest that while home and away teams do not display different levels of aggression, the cost of behaving aggressively (in terms of game outcome) may be greater for the away team.},
keywords = {Aggression Rugby, Sport Psychology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}